{"title":"A Model-Based Soft Errors Risks Minimization Approach","authors":"M. S. Sadi, D. Myers, César Sánchez, Jan Jurjens","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402994","url":null,"abstract":"Minimizing the risk of system failure in any computer structure requires identifying those components whose failure is likely to impact on system functionality. Clearly, the degree of protection or prevention required against faults is not the same for all components. Tolerating soft errors can be much improved if critical components can be identified at an early design phase and measures are taken to lower their criticalities at that stage. This improvement is achieved by presenting a criticality ranking (among the components) formed by combining a prediction of faults, consequences of them, and a propagation of errors at the system modeling phase; and pointing out ways to apply changes in the model to minimize the risk of degradation of desired functionalities. Case study results are given to validate the approach. Keywords-Criticality Analysis; Soft Errors; Reliability Risks, UML Model; Metrics","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128002719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kwang-il Hwang, Doosoon Park, Sang-Soo Yeo, J. Park
{"title":"Energy-Efficient Meter Data Aggregation Protocol for (AMR) Automatic Meter Reading Networks","authors":"Kwang-il Hwang, Doosoon Park, Sang-Soo Yeo, J. Park","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402967","url":null,"abstract":"In recent, due to convenient and inexpensive installations, flexibility, and scalability, the interests in wireless AMR are being increased more and more. However, the wireless AMR network, which generally covers large areas, may create energy wastage problem and high interference hazard due to a large amount of concurrent-intensive metering data in the network. In this paper, in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce the possibility of interferences by minimizing data traffic in the wireless-based AMR network, specifically in large scale, a novel energy-efficient meter data aggregation method is proposed, which is inspired from the data-centric routing in wireless sensor networks. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, it is demonstrated that the EMDA can gather data with the minimum number of transmissions in the network even though the number of nodes is increased.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122458827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Formal Framework for Modeling External Behavior of an Embedded System As a Black Box Structure","authors":"J. Sastry, V. C. Prakash, L. S. S. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402963","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded systems must be high quality systems and the development of embedded systems involves modeling both the external and internal behaviors of the systems. Cleanroom software engineering (CRSE) life cycle methodology concentrates on the quality issues by considering different formal verification and validation methods introduced at different stages of development. CRSE uses box structures that employ formal methods to achieve high quality software systems in specific. In CRSE, the external behavioral modeling is achieved through design of Black Box Structures. CRSE can be used for the development of embedded systems as CRSE methodology is also based on both External and internal behavior modeling. Many methods were proposed in the literature for designing the Black box structures that are based on intuition or experience of the designers. Therefore CRSE suffers from lack of Formal Frameworks to derive Box structures meant for modeling the External Behavior. In this paper, a formal architectural framework related to external behavior modeling based on end-to-end processing of the embedded systems represented by thin threads and composite threads is presented that helps in representing the stimulus-response requirements of the embedded systems to be built as Black box structures. The external behavioral model of a pilot project (Temperature Monitoring and Controlling of Nuclear Reactor system) is presented using the formal framework proposed in this paper. Keywords— Black Box Structures, Thin Threads, StimulusResponse, Cleanroom Software Engineering, Embedded Systems, External Behaviour, Framework, Formal Methods.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116206336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Java Software Stack for Resource Poor Sensor Nodes: Towards Peer-to-Peer Jini","authors":"N. Costa, António Pereira, Carlos Serôdio","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402981","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor networks have been referred to as part of the background infrastructure required to achieve ubiquitous computing. This has recently promoted a considerable amount of attention from the research community that concluded that existing protocols and techniques for service discovery, such as JINI or UPnP are not suitable for the case of resource poor, battery-powered sensor nodes. We do not really agree with this approach. We think that those protocols could be a good starting point to \"power-up\" sensor nodes with poor resources for ubiquitous computing support. Starting from this principle and recognizing that existing sensor node system software is not suitable for our purpose, we decided to build a new sensor node software stack. The result was a stand-alone Java Virtual Machine, suitable for sensor nodes with poor resources, an implementation of the ubiquitous TCP/IP communication stack and Jini based middleware to achieve automatic service discover and usage. This software stack was tailored to perfectly fit in the state-of-the-art Mica2 class of sensor nodes.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127583705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast Implementation of Spatial Averaging","authors":"Songyot Nakariyakul","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402977","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new fast spatial averaging (FSA) technique that efficiently implements operations for spatial averaging or mean filtering. To perform spatial averaging of an M × N image with an averaging filter of size m × n, the basic method requires (mn - 1) MN additions and MN divisions, while recent work using the column-addition and store-and-fetch techniques reduces the number of additions to approximately (m + 1)MN and eliminates the need for division. Our proposed method further reduces the number of redundant additions and requires only 4MN additions and no division. Our FSA algorithm is very promising since the major computations it requires do not depend on the size of the averaging filter. Experimental results on various image sizes using different filter sizes demonstrate that our method is significantly faster than other spatial averaging algorithms.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123503542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Reinbacher, M. Horauer, Bastian Schlich, Jörg Brauer, Florian Scheuer
{"title":"Model Checking Assembly Code of an Industrial Knitting Machine","authors":"T. Reinbacher, M. Horauer, Bastian Schlich, Jörg Brauer, Florian Scheuer","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402986","url":null,"abstract":"Microcontrollers are used in many embedded systems. The reliability of these embedded systems is of great importance. Model checking is seen as a promising tool for the analysis of the corresponding software. For this purpose, an on-the-fly CTL model checker for microcontroller assembly code called [MC]SQUARE was developed at the RWTH Aachen University. This paper describes a case study that was conducted using [MC]SQUARE. The aim of the case study was to model check the software of an industrial embedded system used for monitoring a knitting machine without manually modifying the code. Using model checking, we found a bug in the communication protocol of the application that was not revealed during testing.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123622800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Jolfaei, Neda Mohammadizadeh, Mohammad S. Sadri, Fatemeh FaniSani
{"title":"High Speed USB 2.0 Interface for FPGA Based Embedded Systems","authors":"Fatemeh Jolfaei, Neda Mohammadizadeh, Mohammad S. Sadri, Fatemeh FaniSani","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5403002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5403002","url":null,"abstract":"FPGA implementation of high speed serial peripherals such as USB 2.0 are of great use. The Cypress SX2 USB 2.0 controller is one of the suitable choices for developing FPGA based USB peripherals. A simple interface module capable of transferring data rates above 400Mbits/s can be implemented to communicate with SX2. FPGAs can efficiently be used for building embedded systems. Xilinx complete set of development tools make implementation of large System-On-Chip designs feasible. We present two complete architectures for connecting SX2 to FPGA. First design minimizes FPGA resource usage while keeping a reasonable speed. In the second design, optimizations are done to reach maximum USB 2.0 interface speed at the cost of some additional logic. In order to use developed module in Xilinx embedded design flow, we make a custom peripheral which includes SX2 interface as its core and additional logic capable of connecting to OPB and PLB.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121696327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Formal Framework for Verification and Validation of External Behavioral Models of Embedded Systems through Use Case Models","authors":"J. Sastry, V. C. Prakash, L. S. S. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402964","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded Systems can be engineered using Clean room Software Engineering methodology (CRSE) as it considers all the quality issues as integral part of the CRSE Life cycle model and lays stress on the reduced size and effort of testing through statistical use testing. Both CRSE and embedded systems development methodologies are based on stimulus-response models. The stimulus-response models are used for designing the external behavioral requirements. Thus, CRSE, in a revised form, can be conveniently be used for the development of reliable embedded systems. Verification and validation of one model with the other such as verifying the external behavior models (Black Box Structures) with the requirement specifications and vice versa is the most important built-in feature of CRSE. In the literature the verification and validation methods described are manual step by step procedures which are either intuitive or experience based. CRSE suffers from lack of Formal Frameworks to verify Box structures with the requirement specification and vice versa. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for verifying Black box structures which are derived using END-TO-END processing requirements of the embedded systems. The verification mechanism is built around generation of stimulus-response sequences in two different ways and proving that the sequences generated are the same when the system has been properly built. The stimulus-response sequences generation from the perspectives of thin threads and use case models has been presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121352568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environment Recognition from Audio Using MPEG-7 Features","authors":"G. Muhammad, K. Alghathbar","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402978","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a full use of MPEG-7 Audio features for environment recognition from audio for different multimedia applications. Environment recognition from audio files is a growing area of interest, however, compared to other branches of multimedia it is a less researched one. To recognize environment, we utilize total of 17 temporal and spectral MPEG-7 Audio low- level descriptors as features. The performance is compared with Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features. Experimental results show a significant improvement of the proposed MPEG-7 based environment recognition over that of the conventional MFCC based features. Zero-crossing rate is appended with the MPEG-7 based feature to yield even better performance. The best performance is achieved with combined MFCC, MPEG-7 and zero- crossing features. Index Items: Environment recognition, MPEG-7 Audio, MFCC, multimedia.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115963465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Miralaei, Sh. Koosha, M. Jamali, Z. Navabi, C. Lucas
{"title":"Embedded Data Fusion Toolbox: A Model Driven Architecture","authors":"N. Miralaei, Sh. Koosha, M. Jamali, Z. Navabi, C. Lucas","doi":"10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EM-COM.2009.5402999","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing time to market, design cost and fast developing, prototyping and testing of embedded industrial and automation models are very interesting topics in recent manufacturing and industry methodologies. In recent years, Model driven architecture or engineering methodology has been introduced in the field of software engineering by OMG. This methodology separate platform independent, and platform specific concerns, and could be utilized and extended to other fields of engineering. In many industrial applications, embedded, distributed and fast sensory data fusion operators are necessary, and system complexities could be dominated by low level dedicated fast fusion operators on real time hardware platforms such as CPLDs and FPGAs. In this experience, embedded data fusion toolbox has been developed for fast design, prototyping, test and implementation of simple fusion operators on embedded industrial platforms. This toolbox has been implemented in MATLAB/ Simulink environment via behavioral arithmetic to the implementation on either FPGA. Reusability, scalability, chip area, precision and other design criteria are considered in design process, and desired HDL models could be obtained automatically. This fully automated toolbox is extendible for complex data fusion operators, subsequently the platform-independent model can be translated to a platform-specific model (PSM) by mapping the PIM to some implementation language or platform using formal rules in order to preparing targeted models in different platforms.","PeriodicalId":290107,"journal":{"name":"2009 Fourth International Conference on Embedded and Multimedia Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126533637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}