Computers & Fluids最新文献

{"title":"A hybrid immersed-boundary/front-tracking method for interface-resolved simulation of droplet evaporation","authors":"Faraz Salimnezhad ,&nbsp;Hasret Turkeri ,&nbsp;Iskender Gokalp ,&nbsp;Metin Muradoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hybrid sharp-interface immersed-boundary/front-tracking (IB/FT) method is developed for interface-resolved simulation of evaporating droplets in incompressible multiphase flows. A one-field formulation is used to solve the flow, species mass fraction and energy equations in the entire computational domain with appropriate jump conditions at the interface. An image point and ghost cell methodology is coupled with a front-tracking method to achieve an overall second order spatial accuracy for the mass fraction boundary condition on the droplet surface. The immersed-boundary method is also extended to simulate mass transfer from a solid sphere in a convective environment. The numerical method is first validated for the standard benchmark cases and the results are found to be in good agreement with analytical solutions. The method is shown to be overall second order accurate in space. Employing a moving reference frame methodology, the method is then applied to simulate evaporation of a deformable droplet in a convective environment and the results are compared with the existing evaporation models widely used in spray combustion simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 106570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of interfacial two-phase flows via VOF-based LS method with WENO scheme in the finite volume method","authors":"Wenkang Meng ,&nbsp;Ching-hao Yu ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Ruidong An","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modeling of interfacial two-phase flows involves various fields such as hydraulic engineering, marine engineering, chemical industry, etc., whose difficulty lies in the accurate simulation of the two-phase flow interface. This paper presents a VOF(volume of fluid)-based LS (level set) method with WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) scheme in the finite volume method. The proposed method initializes the LS function by transforming the VOF function, which does not have the characteristics of the distance function yet. Therefore, the next step is to re-distance the transformed LS function by solving the re-initialization equation. For solving the re-initialization equation, the WENO scheme in the finite volume method is employed, providing fifth-order accuracy for the convection term. To validate the proposed VOF-based LS method combined with the WENO scheme, five test cases are presented, including Zalesak's disk, vortex deformation, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, two-dimensional bubble rise, and dam break flow. The numerical results from these interfacial two-phase flow cases demonstrate that the VOF-based LS method with the WENO scheme in the finite volume method can achieve accurate capture of the interface while maintaining excellent mass conservation characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 106580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reconstruction technique for high-order variational finite volume schemes based on conjugate gradient method","authors":"Fangkun Ni ,&nbsp;Jianhua Pan ,&nbsp;Wei-Gang Zeng ,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel reconstruction technique based on conjugate gradient method for the variational finite volume schemes. Compared with the Gauss-Seidel or Jacobi iteration based variational finite volume schemes, the conjugate gradient method based variational finite volume schemes not only have a superior convergence rate but also are cell-wise parallel and suit for computational devices like graphic processing units. Benchmark cases including 2-D and 3-D, steady and unsteady, inviscid and viscous cases demonstrate the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 106576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-dimensional meshing criterion of mean flow field discretization for RANS and LES","authors":"H. Lam,&nbsp;T. Berthelon,&nbsp;G. Balarac","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When turbulent flows occur, Reynolds Average Navier–Stokes (RANS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches are now valuable strategies to numerically study complex systems. An open question is still to be able to define an adequate mesh, i.e. guaranteeing accuracy of the numerical simulations but limiting the number of mesh elements to limit computational cost. RANS and LES approaches differ in term of level of description of the turbulent fields, but these approaches share the same objective to obtain mean fields independent of the mesh. Based on the Reynolds equation, a new mesh size based Reynolds number, <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, is derived. This new criterion is the upper bound of a non-dimensional error estimation of the mean velocity field. This new criterion can also be interpreted by analogy with the Kolmogorov scale, <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span>. Indeed, <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> can be interpreted as the scale where the instantaneous dynamic is dominated by (molecular) diffusive effects, leading to the Kolmogorov Reynolds number, <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. Similarly, <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> will be close to 1 at scale <span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span> where molecular and turbulent diffusive effects dominate the mean field dynamic. This allows to define the local mesh size to guarantee a correct discretization of the mean field. This criterion is applied in various flow configuration for LES, with and without law of the wall, as well as RANS simulations with great accuracy. In practice, it is found that the value <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> appears indeed as a good compromise in terms of number of elements and precision. This allows to easily obtain an adequate mesh for the mean flow velocity field, without a priori knowledge of the flow dynamic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of Shock wave boundary layer interaction using surface arc plasma energy actuators: A computational study","authors":"Deepu Dinesan,&nbsp;Bibin John","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The control of shock wave boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) by means of surface arc plasma actuator (SAPA) is the focus of current work. The primary objective is to explore the potential of short-duration pulse energy deposition in mitigating the separation zone that develops ahead of a cylindrical blunt body placed in a supersonic Mach 2.5 field. The research delves into the fundamental physics of BW generation and propagation, both in quasi-static fields and supersonic flows. Additionally, it elucidates how BWs interact with the separated shear layer, ultimately reducing the size of the separation zone. The numerical framework implemented for the replication of real time surface arc plasma energy addition is validated against the literature reported experimental and analytical data. Additional parametric studies demonstrating the effect of plasma actuation duration, energy magnitude/pulse and number of SAPAs are presented. Notably, the findings reveal that an array of SAPAs with five energy pulse locations can minimize the separation size to just 56% of the base flow, with one time actuation of SAPAs by depositing <span><math><mrow><mn>240</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>J</mi></mrow></math></span> of energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goal-oriented adaptive sampling for projection-based reduced-order models","authors":"Donovan Blais,&nbsp;Siva Nadarajah,&nbsp;Calista Biondic","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern aircraft design involves a large number of design parameters from a multitude of disciplines. Obtaining high-fidelity solutions for all combinations of such parameters is computationally unfeasible. Although the solution to a large-scale system of equations is generally an element of a large-dimensional space, the solution may actually lie on a reduced-order subspace induced by parameter variation. In order to capture this subspace, samples of the high-dimensional system called snapshots are used to build a reduced-order model. These models have generated interest as a means to compute high-fidelity solutions at a much lower computational cost. However, little value can be placed in a reduced-order solution without some quantification of its error. The dual-weighted residual can be used to obtain error estimates between the outputs of different models. Using dual-weighted residual error estimates in conjunction with a radial basis function interpolation, this work introduces a novel adaptive sampling method that chooses snapshots iteratively such that a prescribed output error tolerance is estimated to be met on the entirety of a parameter space. The adaptive sampling procedure is demonstrated on a one-dimensional Burgers’ equation and two-dimensional inviscid flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved particle level set method with higher-order kernel function correction: Enhancing accuracy and conservation","authors":"Shunsuke Kurioka ,&nbsp;Changhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an improved Particle Level Set (PLS) method that enhances accuracy and mass conservation by correcting the position information of Lagrangian particles placed on the interface using high-order kernel functions. This method, referred to as the PLS/KC (improved Particle Level Set method with high-order Kernel function Correction), accurately captures moving interfaces in multiphase flow simulations on fixed Eulerian grids. The innovation and practical significance of the proposed method are highlighted as follows: (1) correction values for the level set function are calculated with high precision using high-order kernel functions instead of conventional linear interpolation, (2) advection of the level set function is achieved with compact low-order schemes rather than computationally complex high-order advection schemes traditionally recommended, (3) the correction process using kernel functions is easily extendable to three-dimensional applications, and (4) fine interface tracking below the mesh resolution is performed with high accuracy while maintaining mass conservation. The proposed method was validated through numerical experiments using widely adopted two-dimensional and three-dimensional rigid body rotation and interface stretching tests. The numerical results demonstrated that the new method outperforms conventional techniques in accurately capturing moving interfaces and improving mass conservation. Additionally, the proposed method was implemented into a fluid simulation code and evaluated using a dam break benchmark. The results showed good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating the method's effectiveness for practical applications in free-surface interface capturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 106571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive dynamic wetting, fluid–structure interaction simulations for braze run-out","authors":"Jeffrey S. Horner ,&nbsp;David J. Kemmenoe ,&nbsp;Gustav J. Bourdon ,&nbsp;Scott A. Roberts ,&nbsp;Edward R. Arata ,&nbsp;Jaideep Ray ,&nbsp;Anne M. Grillet","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazing and soldering are metallurgical joining techniques that use a wetting molten metal to create a joint between two faying surfaces. The quality of the brazing process depends strongly on the wetting properties of the molten filler metal, namely the surface tension and contact angle, and the resulting joint can be susceptible to various defects, such as run-out and underfill, if the material properties or joining conditions are not suitable. In this work, we implement a finite element simulation to predict the formation of such defects in braze processes. This model incorporates both fluid–structure interaction through an arbitrary Eulerian–Lagrangian technique and free surface wetting through conformal decomposition finite element modeling. Upon validating our numerical simulations against experimental run-out studies on a silver-Kovar system, we then use the model to predict run-out and underfill in systems with variable surface tension, contact angles, and applied pressure. Finally, we consider variable joint/surface geometries and show how different geometrical configurations can help to mitigate run-out. This work aims to understand how brazing defects arise and validate a coupled wetting and fluid–structure interaction simulation that can be used for other industrial problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic and macroscopic modelling for dense gas flow simulations","authors":"K.S. Shrinath ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kolluru ,&nbsp;S.V. Raghurama Rao ,&nbsp;Vasudeva Rao Veeredhi ,&nbsp;Sekhar G.N.","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into the complexities of modelling dense gases near thermodynamic critical points, where conventional gas dynamic assumptions prove inadequate. Within this unique regime, non-linear waves exhibit behaviours divergent from classical phenomena, like expansion shocks which remain consistent with entropy conditions. Accurately capturing these phenomena mandates sophisticated equation of state (EoS) that surpasses the ideal gas assumptions, presenting challenges for numerical simulations. In this paper, we propose a simple modification to the Boltzmann equation (with the BGK framework), which, upon taking moments, leads to Euler equations for dense gas flows. We consider van der Waals EoS. Further, we develop a three-velocity model based <em>Kinetic Flux Difference Splitting</em> (KFDS) scheme for the Euler system, with adaptable diffusion coefficients suitable to capture compressible flow phenomena specific to ideal and dense gases. This innovative approach diverges from traditional algorithms, which are tailored for ideal gas EoS and struggle to accommodate the inherent variations. A comparative analysis with macroscopic efficient central solvers designed to be independent of the eigen-structure, such as MOVERS+ and RICCA, is conducted to validate the results against benchmark tests from the data in the literature. It is important to note that the kinetic schemes also possess the advantage of being independent of the eigen-structure, a feature that distinguishes them from traditional Riemann solvers. This effort significantly enhances computational modelling capabilities and fosters deeper insights into the behaviour of dense gases. The proposed advancements enhance numerical methods tailored for real gas EoS simulations by ensuring precise capture of grid-aligned steady discontinuities and effectively mitigating numerical diffusion across these discontinuities in inviscid compressible flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On solving for shocks and travelling waves using a quantum algorithm","authors":"Biswajit Basu ,&nbsp;Andrea Staino ,&nbsp;Frank Gaitan","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we solve for shocks and travelling waves in advection, inviscid Burgers’ and Burgers’ equations by implementing a recently established quantum algorithm in the literature. The quantum algorithm has been successful in solving Navier–Stokes, flow generated by Burgers’ and submarine tephra flow equations under certain initial and boundary conditions. Here, we further study the efficacy of the quantum algorithm by extending the application to advection, inviscid Burgers’ and Burgers’ equations under different kinds of initial and boundary conditions. In addition to central differencing and upwinding, Lax–Wendroff discretization scheme has also been introduced in the quantum algorithm to observe how numerical dissipation and dispersion are affected. We recover known travelling waves, and shocks with rarefaction and expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":287,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Fluids","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}