2019 Joint Rail Conference最新文献

{"title":"The Future of Train Control in Canada and an Analysis of the CaRRL Report on Enhanced Train Control","authors":"D. Thurston","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1225","url":null,"abstract":"Transport Canada, the regulatory arm of the Canadian Government commissioned a report from the Canadian Rail Research Laboratory (CaRRL) to investigate the risk mitigation of train to train collisions and other train control preventable accidents. This paper looks at the risks reviewed in the report and proposes a formula to provide a level of mitigation for individual railway lines to use in determining the minimum level of train control as discussed in the CaRRL report. Risks to be included are traffic levels, traffic type, track speed, track configuration, among others. Data used will be taken from the ROD database results used in the CaRRL report.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134104700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Splitting Crack Propagation in Pre-Stressed Concrete Ties Made With Different Types of Coarse Aggregate","authors":"Aref Shafiei Dastgerdi, Adrijana Savić, R. Peterman, K. Riding, B. T. Beck","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1280","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-stressed concrete railroad ties must meet requirements during service life. Using pre-stressed wires in concrete members enhances load-carrying capacity of concrete ties. It is important to ensure that pre-stressed forcing is introduced well before rail seat where the high impact load is applied. The required length of wire to fully transfer pretension forcing to concrete member is referred as transfer length. In order to shorten the transfer length, wires with improved indentation are used. As the transfer length is shortened, the high amount of stress concentration at the interface of wire-concrete can lead to longitudinal splitting cracks in concrete railroad ties. Splitting crack can occur either right after de-tensioning or during service life. It has been observed that concrete properties and components can highly affect crack formation and propagation. In this research, the effect of coarse aggregate on the splitting cracks of concrete railroad ties was investigated. To assess the impact of coarse aggregate features on splitting crack performance, fracture toughness test was done on three-point bend prisms. The specimens were made of four different coarse aggregate including crushed aggregate and well-rounded aggregate. It was observed that angularity and coarseness of aggregate increases the fracture toughness of concrete by 20%. Then, the same mixes were used in fabrication of pre-stressed prisms with different cover length to evaluate actual performance of splitting cracks after de-tensioning. The wires were tensioned up to 7000 Ib per wire and de-tensioned when concrete strength of 4500 psi is reached. The results of crack area/length of splitting cracks showed that increasing angularity can significantly improve splitting cracks resistance.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132302790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virginia Tech-Federal Railroad Administration Roller Rig Measurement Capabilities and Baseline Measurements","authors":"Ahmad Radmehr, A. Tajaddini, B. Marquis, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1295","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed description of the Virginia Tech-Federal Railroad Administration (VT-FRA) Roller Rig measurement capabilities, along with the efforts in establishing the accuracy, repeatability, and integrity of the results are presented. The results of a series of baseline tests are also documented in an effort to provide an indication of the type of experiments that can be achieved on the rig. The one-fourth scaled rig is intended to be used for evaluating wheel-rail contact mechanics and dynamics with a high degree of precision. The rail is represented by a roller with a diameter that is five times larger than the wheel, in order to maintain the contact ellipse distortion to less than 10 percent. The primary point of differentiation between this rig and others that have been used in the past or are presently in use is that it is able to measure the wheel-rail contact forces with far greater precision than achieved in the past. The rig is also designed such that it provides a high degree of repeatability in testing, often needed for performing design of experiments accurately. The VT-FRA rig is capable of precisely controlling the lateral positioning of the wheel and rail, rail cant angle, the wheel-rail angle of attack, and the speed of the roller and wheel independently. The latter is intended to provide precise control of the relative speed of the wheel and roller, which amounts to precisely controlling creepage. Beyond presenting the rig’s capabilities, the paper provides a discussion of the initial results from the commissioning of the rig. It is concluded that the rig is ready to be commissioned for studies that are of interest to the practitioners in the rail industry and scientists in the research community.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123071941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Software Tools to Implement a Systems Engineering Process for Specification Development in a Brownfield Train Control Project","authors":"John Chy, K. Diemunsch, B. Banks","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1226","url":null,"abstract":"When a signaling system reaches its end of life, an overall replacement is necessary. The replacement may be in-kind but for many mass transit agencies, it is common that capacity needs will have grown significantly, and the transit agency is required to increase capacity while tackling obsolescence. Capacity and obsolescence are the primary reasons for deploying Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) technology to replace conventional trip stop and track circuit-based systems operated by New York City Transit (NYCT) or cab signaling systems operated by Baltimore Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART). Resignaling projects are often refereed as brownfield train control projects.\u0000 Due to the technical and commercial complexity, the quantity of stakeholders, the number of interfaces, the regulatory involvement via safety certification, the temporal and geographic scale of the project and the continual evolution of the existing system, a robust Systems Engineering (SE) process is necessary to achieve success in large signaling replacement projects.\u0000 This paper describes the software tools and processes that were deployed to meet the technical, legal and commercial needs of a large signaling replacement project during the specification development phase. The processes put in place were tailored to the size and location of the team members. The paper describes the software tools, such as IBM Rational DOORS, Microsoft SharePoint Online and Office 365 which were integrated and configured to allow for collaboration while accounting for the security, commercial and legal requirements of the agency. The selection, deployment and management of these processes and tools enabled the large, complex project to succeed.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133635944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of Splitting Performance of Prestressed Concrete Prisms With Larger Diameter Prestressing Wires","authors":"M. Shin, Hailing Yu","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1315","url":null,"abstract":"This numerical study focuses on evaluating the structural performance of prestressed concrete prisms with larger diameter (0.315 in) prestressing wires. More commonly used prestressing wires are the 0.209 in (5.32 mm) diameter wires for prestressed concrete crossties. However, there has been an interest to adopt larger diameter prestressing wires in order to provide higher prestress forces with the aim of mitigating the structural damage of prestressed concrete crossties. Previous experimental studies demonstrated that small-scale pretensioned concrete prisms had excellent correlation in bonding performance of concrete ties pretensioned with 0.209 in (5.32 mm) wires or three- or seven-wire strands. Using a finite element (FE) modeling approach, this study investigates the effects of 8 mm diameter prestressing wires on the splitting/bursting performance of prisms at the onset of de-tensioning of the wires. The studied parameters include geometrical/mechanical parameters such as thickness of the concrete cover, spacing between the wires, level of prestress forces, and concrete release strength in compression. Cohesive elements with a newly developed nonlinear bond-slip model are assigned to the interface between the prestressing wires and the surrounding concrete. The parameters for the bond-slip model are calibrated based on a simple pull-out test on concrete cylinders with the 0.315 in (8 mm) diameter wires. The simulation results are compared with the predicted splitting performance of prisms pretensioned with 0.209 in (5.32 mm) wires or seven-wire strands. Based on the FE analysis results, recommendations are made on the minimum concrete cover thickness and wire spacing required to achieve acceptable splitting/bursting performance in prestressed concrete prisms.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121947444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and Detecting Fouled Ballast Using Forward-Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) Aerial Technology: Possibilities and Limitations","authors":"Yongwen Tan, Yang Chen, Andrew Peterson, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1327","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the feasibility and limitations of Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) Aerial Technology for detecting fouled ballast. The method is intended to provide an efficient and ready-to-use approach that can help the railroads detect fouled ballast in their early stages. Ballast fouling commonly occurs as a result of fine particles clogging off water passage through them. Subsequently, this results in trapped water that often results in poor foundation strength, rotting of the ties, and other ill effects. This study includes a novel approach to evaluate the railway ballast fouling by using thermal imaging techniques. In particular, the thermal characteristics of clean and fouled ballast are studied using FLIR cameras that can be used onboard rolling stock, Hyrail trucks, or drones. Laboratory tests are primarily performed to measure the surface temperature changing rate of clean and fouled ballast in response to ambient temperature changes. For the purpose of laboratory testing, the camera is set up in stationary and moving configurations. The test results indicate that clean and fouled ballast have different thermal characteristics. In particular, different thermal patterns are obtained during naturally-occurring daily temperature change. The test results also indicate that the FLIR cameras can be used on a moving platform for quick scanning of thermal images of the ballast that could be used for assessing the early stage of fouling.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131169745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Reduced Scale Fire Resistance Test for a Rail Car Floor Assembly","authors":"A. Kapahi, Christian Rippe, B. Lattimer","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1228","url":null,"abstract":"As specified in NFPA 130, rail car floor assemblies are currently required to undergo a large-scale furnace test to demonstrate their fire resistance, including structural integrity and limited heat transmission. This results in an expensive fire resistance compliance process mostly due to the physical size requirement of test article and the size of the furnace required to test it. Although there is an interest from railcar manufacturers to reduce the physical size of the rail car floor assembly test article, there is no demonstrated approach to justify the use of a smaller test article. This work used finite element modelling to develop an approach which can be used to reduce the size of test article for fire resistance tests. The results of the analysis indicate that the support boundary conditions of the test article should be modified so the test article better represents the floor end-use response. In addition, the test article size can be reduced to a one-third of the current size.","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133712736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian Freight Rail Concessions Overview: Current Outcomes and Perspectives","authors":"Fábio C. Barbosa","doi":"10.1115/JRC2019-1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/JRC2019-1237","url":null,"abstract":"The formerly public owned Brazilian Freight Rail System was under pressure in the middle nineties, mainly due to the revenue insufficiency, resulting from the government rate control policy and the inherent lack of investments, as well as the increasing funding requirements from the public budget. In this context, the system has been denationalized in the mid nineties, following a corridor format, with 11 regionalized concessions, with 30 year term contracts, running under a price-cap rate regime. The denationalization model has set contractual production and safety targets, which ultimately have indirectly set the required investments to comply with the contractual targets. The post denationalization scenario has allowed the rehabilitation of the former freight rail installed capacity, as a result of private investments on both rail network and rolling stock. The acknowledged freight rail system installed capacity recovery, followed by a profit guided management, have fostered the improvement of freight rail system’s performance, which ultimately have been translated into system’s production and safety enhancements. Albeit the huge advances observed during the first half of contract terms, there were some hurdles to be addressed, mainly the low interoperability/interchange rates, as well as the lack of greenfield investments, required for the necessary expansion of the Brazilian rail network. In this context, the regulatory authority has issued, in 2011, a rail regulatory package reform, focused on: i) interoperability improvement; ii) a widespread service coverage along the rail network (stretches production targets) and iii) a compilation of rail stakeholders (shippers and carriers) rights and obligations. The so called 2011 rail regulatory package has brought more transparency and equilibrium among shippers and carriers relationship, but has not addressed the lack of greenfield required rail investments, necessary to expand the freight rail share on Brazilian transport matrix. In this context, the Brazilian Government has proposed in 2012 the Freight Rail System Unbundling (Open Access Model), in which infrastructure managers would be in charge of providing rail capacity (with the guarantee of the demand risk covered by the Brazilian government) and granted rail operators allowed to operate on the network under a fee payment. However, the unbundled freight rail proposal has not evolved, mainly due to the lack of funding required to guarantee rail infrastructure managers return on investments, resulted from a strong fiscal crisis. Currently, the Brazilian Rail Regulatoy Authority is working on a proposal to extend the current (bundled) freight rail contracts, conditioned to contractual adjustments, focused on the imposition of mandatory investments for capacity improvement and interoperability enhancement. This work is supposed to present an overview of Brazilian Freight Rail System’s performance evolution since the denationalization process, ","PeriodicalId":287025,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Rail Conference","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133812391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}