{"title":"Power System Blackouts - Minimizing their Impact at Industrial Co-Generation Facilities","authors":"C. Mozina","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292096","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations of recent blackouts indicate that the root cause of almost all major power system disturbances is voltage collapse rather than the underfrequency conditions prevalent in the blackouts of the 1960s and '70s. This paper explores the nature of recent power system blackouts (2003 east coast, 1996 California and others) and explains why voltage is the leading edge indicator of impending power system collapse. The paper discusses the need to use voltage - as well as frequency - to decide when to separate from the utility system and transfer industrial system load to internal plant co-generation. Industrial customers have used voltage relays to determine that the utility circuit that supplies them has tripped. However, voltage relays at industrial sites have generally not been used to determine that the utility system lacks security and may collapse. This paper discusses the causes of voltage collapse as well as the design and security requirements for an undervoltage separation scheme. The paper addresses the current level of voltage load shedding on utilities' systems, NERC (North Electric Reliability Council) requirements and coordination of industrial undervoltage separation with utility undervoltage load shedding.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131080366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Input Harmonic Distortions of Variable Frequency Drives","authors":"Xiaodong Liang, Y. Luy, D. Koval","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292113","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of harmonic distortions at the input of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) as a function of certain variables is essential for the harmonic modeling and evaluation. IEEE std. 519-1992 proposes current harmonic spectrums and current harmonic distortions for the drive input harmonics. However, field engineers see large current harmonic distortions at the input of light-loaded drives, which are far away from the IEEE proposed values. In this paper input harmonics of a single VFD measured in a power grid and in a laboratory testing circuit are analyzed. Harmonics measured at the input of 55 VFDs in a large industrial distribution system are also investigated. It is found that the drive loading condition and the system impedance at the drive input are two factors determining the input current harmonic distortions of VFDs. Current magnitudes for higher order harmom'cs above the 17th are small and do not change much. However, the 5th harmonic current magnitude varies significantly with the drive loading conditions especially for voltage-source type VFDs. This paper proposes a modification of the 5th harmonic current spectrum recommended by IEEE std. 519-1992 for 6-pulse drives. A simulation using a fixed drive load factor verifies the influence of the system impedance on the drive input harmonic distortions.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122898207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determining System and Subsystem Availability Requirements: Resource Planning and Evaluation","authors":"C. C. Thompson, P. S. Hale, R. Arno","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292104","url":null,"abstract":"When using an availability centered plan, a design develops that most appropriately matches the requirements of the facility, maximizing the effectiveness of resources. An availability centered plan serves to recognize subsystems that have specialized needs - needs that are unique from the remainder of the facility. In so doing, resources can be applied only where necessary, helping to optimize and prioritize the designs.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129973367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NFPA 780 Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems 2007 Edition","authors":"M. Guthrie, D. Zipse, M. K. Sanders","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292116","url":null,"abstract":"The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) promulgates over 2000 national codes and standards that are used world-wide for the application of facility and safety concerns. IEEE has representation on several, and among them is NFPA 780. It is among the earliest documents published by NFPA, and its topic linage leads directly back to the investigations undertaken by the noted Engineer Benjamin Franklin. It is intended to provide a solid foundation for providing protection from the stochastic, often capricious natural phenomenon of environmental electrostatic discharges involving tremendous current paths linked between the atmosphere and earth and return. These current paths develop seemingly instantaneous high voltage. The combination of these are a cause of many electrocutions and electrical shocks at locations around the world, and cause a significant monetary loss directly or indirectly from loss of production. Reports on NFPA 780 Technical Committee activities are made to the Standards Coordinating Council (SCC) 18 of IEEE. The following will provide a brief history of the document, a review of the present version, and highlight some of the topics of interest in the 2007 edition.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133437679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Protection System Reliability Assessment","authors":"T. Hsiao, Chan-nan Lu","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292105","url":null,"abstract":"Special protection systems (SPS) are sometimes perceived by the electric power industry as attractive alternatives to constructing new transmission facilities for maintaining system stability and security. One of the main concerns in the design of SPS is to assure whether the system could fit with the reliability requirements specification. Currently, there are only a few literatures that discuss the SPS reliability assessment. In one study conducted by the authors, some reliability evaluation techniques, including, reliability block diagram method, fault tree analysis, Markov modeling and Monte Carlo simulations, are applied to assess the probability that the decision process fails to respond as designed in an actual event-based SPS implemented by Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). Experiences acquired from using these methods for SPS reliability assessment and some recommendations are given in this paper.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"152 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116326999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault Detection Techniques for Power Transformers","authors":"N. Yadaiah, N. Ravi","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292099","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the methodologies for incipient fault detection in Power transformers for off-line and on-line. An artificial neural network is used to detect off-line faults and whereas wavelet transforms are being used for on-line fault detection. The Dissolved Gas Analysis to detect incipient faults has been improved using artificial neural networks and is compared with Rogers ratio method with available samples of field information. The Wavelet transform techniques have been developed with different mother wavelets and their performances are compared. These have been used to detect incipient faults and also to distinguish between incipient fault and short circuit fault.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117129280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Motor Thermal Models","authors":"S. Zocholl","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292097","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal limitations of induction motors are specified by thermal limit curves that are plots of the limiting temperature of the rotor and stator in units of l2t. This paper discusses the thermal protection provided by rotor and stator thermal models defined by the thermal limit curves and supporting motor data. The thermal model is the time-discrete form of the differential equation for temperature rise due to current and is derived from fundamental principles as shown in the Appendix. The rotor model derives the slip-dependent l2r watts using voltage and current that permit the safe starting of high-inertia drive motors. The performance of the models is shown in constant and cyclic load tests.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126573334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical Safety and Arc Flash in the Industrial and Commercial Environment","authors":"D. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123859424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Buck Zero-Current-Switching Pulse-Width-Modulated Converter in Battery Chargers","authors":"Y. Ke, Y. Chuang, Shaoliang Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper applies a buck zero-current-switching pulse-width-modulated converter in battery chargers to achieve low switching losses, high charging efficiency and small circuit volume. The developed novel battery charger circuit has the advantages of the hard-switching and resonant converters with constant-frequency control, lowered resonant time and the operation of all switching components under the zero-current-switching condition. Practical experimental results demonstrate the theoretical effectiveness of the developed charging circuit. A practical mean charging efficiency of over 90% is attained and the developed circuit is awfully fit for high-frequency operations.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Competitive Model Based on the Demand Response in the Off-peak Period for Taipower System","authors":"W. Chu, Yi-Ping Chen, Tzu-Hao Lin","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2007.4292095","url":null,"abstract":"The demand response in the off-peak period is proposed to reduce the cost of the expensive fuel for Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). For lack of base-load generation units, Taipower has to meet a certain portion of the system demand by mobilizing LNG-fired and oil-fired units even in the off-peak period. Taipower adopts the time-of-use pricing policy, which charges a pretty low rate in the off-peak period, for the purpose of load management However, the difference between the fuel cost and income per kilo-Watt-hour incurs a huge deficit to Taipower. This paper proposes a competitive model based on the demand response in order to restrain or reduce expensive fuel usage in the off-peak period. By providing a compensation tariff, the deficit can be reduced and Taipower can run profitably.","PeriodicalId":285052,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122380761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}