The Open Social Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Reading Racetracks on the Sight Word Fluency and Acquisitionfor Two Elementary Students with Disabilities: A Further Replicationand Analysis","authors":"Carrie Hyde, T. Mclaughlin, M. Everson","doi":"10.2174/1874945300902010050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300902010050","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of reading racetracks on the sight word acquisi- tion and fluency of two elementary students who qualified for special education services. An ABABA' reversal, single subject design provided data on the number of words the participants read correctly during a 1-minute timing as well as his or her error rate during that same 1-minute timing. The overall outcomes indicated an increase in the acquisition and fluency of sight words and a decrease in errors. Maintenance of treatment gains were noted for both corrects and errors during the post-testing of each participant. Very small declines in corrects were noted as were small increases in errors.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125971471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Social Concerns Over the Impact of Popular Music and Music Video: A Review of Scholarly Research","authors":"D. Atkin, R. Abelman","doi":"10.2174/1874945300902010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300902010037","url":null,"abstract":"For over a half century, the evolution of rock music has been marked by controversy over its social influence. Arguments by the pro- and anti-regulation/censorship camps echo those encountered in debates over the effects of media violence and pornography generally (1). The present study reviews empirical work on the content and effects of violence in rock music and music videos. In evaluating whether the research meets the high burden for regulatory intervention, we must first establish (1) whether the content of these popular arts is, in fact, providing an increasingly graphic content environment, and (2) whether such contents actually influence audience attitudes and behaviors. A narrative review of the literature suggests that critics of popular music have needed to \"fill in the blanks\" of their empirical arguments with selective citations to the voluminous literature on general media effects (e.g., with TV violence). The literature on popular music and music videos provides little in the way of longitudinal, externally valid findings that can establish a \"smoking gun\" with media influences as potent causal agents with human behavior. Implications for media regulation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"114 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132983520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Capacity of Pension Institutions to Promote Distributive Justice: A \"Liberal\" Conceptual Framework","authors":"M. Mark, J. Dixon, G. Drover","doi":"10.2174/1874945300902010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300902010016","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the literature regarding distributive justice and pensions has focussed disproportionately on the material preconditions for social solidarity, particularly statutory measures that would narrow the scope of differentials in the distribution of income and wealth. While we are sympathetic towards this emphasis, we contend that justice is comprised of a range of distinctive normative principles. Drawing upon an appraisal of the principal arguments of two highly influential public philosophies, this article develops a \"liberal\" conceptual framework which specifies the normative foundations of appropriate pension scheme design. The core principles of justice are need, which legitimates the social minimum that is necessary to sustain an adequate standard of living for the least advantaged; desert, which provides a justification for allocating income in accordance with differentials in work participation prior to retirement; and equality, which provides a normative rationale for universal citizenship entitlements. Their corresponding programme design features may be used to assess, empirically, the degree to which the design of pension institutions is consistent with the requirements of distributive justice.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121934848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Intimate Partner Abuse among Chinese Women: What we know and what we still Need to know","authors":"A. Tiwari, J. Y. Wong, D. Brownridge, K. Chan, D. Fong, W. Leung, P. C. Ho","doi":"10.2174/1874945300902010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300902010032","url":null,"abstract":"Although increasing attention has been given to psychological abuse in intimate partner relationships, relatively little is known about this complex problem among Chinese women. A better understanding of psychological abuse in Chinese intimate relationships is warranted because Chinese culture is shame-oriented. Women, therefore, may be more susceptible to shameful feelings induced by psychological abuse. This may explain why psychological abuse, in the absence of physical and/or sexual abuse, has such adverse mental health effects on Chinese women. In this paper, what is known about psychological abuse in Chinese intimate relationships and what still needs to be known are highlighted, together with the mental health impact. Implications for future research are also presented.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132778757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaphor Usage in Early Press Coverage of Nanotechnology: Turning Science into Soccer Balls and Human Hair","authors":"T. Eyck, Paul Hernandez","doi":"10.2174/1874945300902010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300902010007","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new discourses is often an interpretative process among both practitioners and onlookers, whether one is studying an emerging technology or press coverage of a new issue. This paper provides an insight into how nanotechnology was introduced to the public beginning in the 1980s through the early years of the twenty-first century by investigating the use of metaphors in the popular press throughout the US. To make nanotechnology understandable to the lay public, much of the coverage was tied to popular cultural items and metaphors such as soccer balls (what nanotech particles \"looked\" like) and human hairs (relative size of these particles). It was found that positive, or at least harmless, metaphors far outweighed negative images (e.g., gray goo) in the coverage, leading to the conclusion that any potential dangers tied to nanotechnology were both overlooked by the press and unavailable to the public.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134451091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Ethnocentrism in U.S. College Students by Completing a Cross-Cultural Psychology Course","authors":"T. Pettijohn, G. M. Naples","doi":"10.2174/1874945300902010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300902010001","url":null,"abstract":"Students enrolled in Cross-Cultural and Introductory Psychology courses completed measures of ethnocentrism at the beginning and end of the term. We predicted that those who took part in the Cross-Cultural Psychology class would have significantly reduced ethnocentric attitudes as a result of the course experience. We also predicted that the Introductory Psychology students would show a minimal decrease in ethnocentrism. As predicted, students in the cross- cultural class showed significant decreases in U.S. and generalized ethnocentrism, while the introductory psychology students did not. Course involvement was related to greater ethnocentrism reduction, but course grade was not related to ethnocentrism reduction. We discuss the implications for ethnocentrism reduction through cross-cultural class activities and education.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114792558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gender Gap in Subjective Poverty: A Comparative Study","authors":"T. Hammer, A. Pedersen","doi":"10.2174/1874945300801010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300801010022","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we use data covering 20 countries from the first round of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2002-2003 to investigate how individual and contextual factors influence the subjective experience of economic strain among married and cohabitating men and women. Our main hypothesis is that countries with low labour force participation among women will tend to feature a gender gap in subjective economic wellbeing in the disfavour of female spouses/partners due to a negative association between labour force participation and economic strain at the individual level. However, we also present a secondary hypothesis about countervailing forces operating at the macro- level: in countries with a low aggregate labour force participation the economic wellbeing of women could be less dependent on own labour force participation because non-participation is supported by norms of income sharing within the household. We do find a strong negative association between own labour force participation and the subjective experience of economic strain, particularly among female partners, while we do not find consistent support for our secondary hypothesis about a negative interaction effect with high labour participation at the aggregate level.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133352591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's Bid for Equality in the United States in an Era of Backlash: Two Steps Forward and One Step Back","authors":"K. Wormer","doi":"10.2174/1874945300801010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300801010015","url":null,"abstract":"Women in the U.S. have made great strides in achieving equality and human rights as a result of activism and the political climate of the late 1960s. This paper will recall that progress but then show that a counter-reaction has set in, a reaction that is being paid for by mothers and disproportionately by women who are at the lower economic levels and among poor members of minority groups. This reaction is called backlash. THE FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE Feminism which sprang out of the women's movement offers a woman-centered approach to understanding behavior across the lifespan; this understanding extends from the treatment of infants and little girls to the challenges facing elderly women. The women's movement is often described in terms of three waves, the first of which took place during the struggle for women's suffrage. The First Wave ended with the passage of the 19 th amendment in 1920 which finally granted to women the right to vote. From the late 1960s through the 1980s, The Second Wave was concerned with equality of opportunity, an end to blatant sex discrimination, and an acknowledgement of the physical victimization of women, whether on the streets, in the workplace, or in the home (1). Members of the women's movement pressed for significant changes in labor law, reproductive laws, and social justice. An interesting fact about the women's movement is the extent to which it made (white, middle, and upper class) women aware of their own powerlessness apart from their connection to a powerful man which some had but many did not have, would never have. The new consciousness made women aware, moreover, for the first time of sexism in the language, for example, that the word man and the pronoun he were not universal after all but generally referred to just the male of the human race. In the early years of the movement (the late 1960s to 1970s) as women challenged the male power structure, the women's movement was ridiculed in the media and by the general public as a joke. It was referred to mockingly as \"women's lib\". But the biggest joke was on the opponents of the women's movement in an action designed to defeat the movement for civil rights legislation. This action had in fact happened several years earlier when a southern Senator who was a segregationist added sex to the 1964 civil rights act. This was his way of making a mockery of the act in order to ensure its defeat. Curiously, the fact that women actually could legally file claims of sex discrimination, as could other minority groups was largely overlooked until about a decade later. During the same historical period as the mass people's rights movements and peace activism of the 1960s and","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130106503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Assault on Dating Partners","authors":"K. Chan, M. Straus","doi":"10.2174/1874945300801010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300801010005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the prevalence and correlates of dating partner violence in a cohort of 1,736 university students from Hong Kong and the United States. The participants completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the Personal and Relationships Profile to report on the rates of occurrence of physical assault and injury. The differences between the two sites were compared using independent t-tests. Logistic regression was employed to predict the presence or absence of physical assault in the previous year of reporting based on the demographic variables. Results showed that more Hong Kong students reported physical assault than did US students. A combination of the perpetrator-related demographic characteristics, and relationship and personal factors accounted for the differences in the preceding-year prevalence of physical assault perpetration in the two samples. To further investigate dating violence in diverse social settings, cultural factors correlated to dating violence should be taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129261825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changing Culture in Modern Medicine: A Psychiatrist's Perspective","authors":"K. Kaufman","doi":"10.2174/1874945300801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874945300801010001","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural competence advances global healthcare by promoting greater understanding of individual patients, combined interventions, and maximum adherence. However, the healthcare professional’s culture and the culture of medicine itself must also be considered. In westernized medicine, especially America, improved technology and therapeutics profoundly impact medical culture; but medical economics is as significant. Managed care and Medicare Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) strongly affect American medical economics with resultant decreased physicians’ incomes, increased patient volumes, decreased time spent with each patient, and decreased subjective/objective quality of care. Physicians’ roles blur with duties delegated to lesser qualified healthcare professionals to maximize patients seen and generated incomes. In psychiatry, performing multiple psychopharmacology visits hourly is economically more productive than an hour therapy session. Doctors need to understand that in entering medicine they enter a life’s career of nobility in which they serve others, do not expect to become wealthy, but at life’s end are able to state “a job well done with caring for all.” Perhaps then, less harm will be done to patients in doctors’ haste to earn more money by seeing too many patients too briefly.","PeriodicalId":285033,"journal":{"name":"The Open Social Science Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115490671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}