Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the Stature and Lower Limb Segment Lengths between Santhals and Banglalees of Pirganj, Rangpur","authors":"Sultan Ahmed, Afruza Bulbul Akhter, Selina Anwar, A. Begum, K. Rahman, N. Saha","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20674","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The relationship between height and long bone differs according to race, age, sex and size of the body. Anthropometric studies of bones convey information regarding race, sex, age and stature of a person. This information is of immense interest to the anatomist in the academic field as well as medico legal work. Climates, heredity, nutritional status of population are reported to have an effect on stature and length of long bones. The study was aimed at to the anthropometric measurement of stature and length of different segments of lower limb of adult Santhal males of Pirganj upazilla, Rangpur to find out any racial characteristics of their own and compared with Bangalee adult males of the same area to find out any racial variations between these two groups of populations. Materials and Methods: Stature is the standing height of a person. The study was done on 60 adult male Santhals and 120 adult male Bangalees. Measurements stature and different lower limb segment length (upper leg segment length, lower leg segment length, leg segment length) was done. Results : It was seen from the result of the present study that though height and upper leg segment length was higher in Bangalees than the Santhals, the lower leg segment length and leg segment length was significantly higher in the Bangalee males than the Santhals. Conclusion: The present study shows that the lower leg segment length and leg segment length was significantly higher in the Bangalee males than Santhals due to nutritional deficiency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20674 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 71-76","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129622138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Cervical Dystonia - Non Responsive to Usual Noninvasive Treatment","authors":"F. Hafez, S. Begum, J. Islam, Shahina Sobhan, J. Nessa, Mk Shahidullah","doi":"10.3329/bja.v11i2.20679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20679","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical dystonia is a focal dystonia characterized by neck muscles contracting involuntarily-causing abnormal movement & awkward posture of the head & neck.It is a rare disorder that can occur at any age even infancy.Symptoms generally begin gradually& then reach a point where they don’t get substantially worse.Asymmetry of the Sternocleidomastoid is often present in untreated patient.There is no cure for cervical dystonia. Injecting botulinum toxin into the affected muscles often reduce the signs & symptoms of cervical dystonia.Here, it has been described a rare case of a forty seven year old male patient with a history of cervical dystonia presented with struggle with head position, resisting but never overcoming the tendency of his head to assume an unnatural position.The management including drugs like oral analgesic,muscle relaxant,anti-parkinson drug & even antipsychotic drug were used. Phychiatric approach like different modalities of heat such as Short Wave Diathermy, Microwave diathermy & Ultra sound therapy were used. Brace like cervical collar and different types of exercise was also prescribed,even botulinum toxin was injected into suspected muscles but all treatments discussed above failed in this case. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20679 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 92-94","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133564305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Morphological Characteristics of the Human Gallbladder in Relation to Age and Sex of Bangladeshi People","authors":"K. Rahman, Afruza Bulbul Akhter, Selina Anwar, A. Begum, Sultan Ahmed, N. Saha","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20676","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Variations in the morphology of the gallbladder have long been debated by the abdominal surgeons. So it is important for the surgeons to appreciate the possible anatomical variations that can be encountered during surgery to prevent post operative complications during cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at to find out any variations in the morphology of the postmortem gallbladder in adult Bangladeshi male and female to find out any difference in the gallbladder morphology in relation to age and sex. Material & methods: This study was done on sixty (60) human postmortem gallbladder from Bangladeshi male and females of two age groups- group A age between 20-40 years and group B age between 41-65 years. Among the morphological parameters length, breadth, thickness and volume of the gallbladders were measured. Result: Result of the present study showed that the mean values of gross morphological features of the gall bladder (length, breadth, thickness, volume & weight), were higher in group B than group A except the thickness in female which show somewhat higher mean value in group A than group B. The result showed significantly high value for length and volume in case of male only (p<.05) in group B than group A. When comparison were made between these values in regard of sex, it was found that males of group B showed higher mean value for all parameters than females of group B and result showed a significantly higher value for the length of gallbladder(p<.05). But in case of group A, whereas male had higher mean value for length and weight and, female had higher mean value for breadth, thickness and volume though no values were significantly different. Conclusion: The higher mean values of different parameters of the gallbladder in elderly males and also from their female counterparts of the same age groups may be due to shorter size of the females. Again some parameters showed higher values in females (breadth, thickness and volume) which may indicate the predominance of cholelithiasis in females. Again most of the values in male and female of elderly were higher than the younger groups indicate the formation of gallstones in elderly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20676 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 81-85","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115150261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Morphology of the Ovary as a Determinant of Reproductive Age","authors":"S. Yesmin, Selina Anwar, A. Begum, N. Saha, K. Rahman","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20675","url":null,"abstract":"Context and rationale: The age related infertility due to early ovarian ageing is one of the problems for women who want to become pregnant in late age in our country. Ovarian ageing reflects in its morphology. So this study was aimed at determining the gross morphology of the ovary in different age groups of Bangladeshi female (cadaver) to assess the possible relationships among different morphological variable of ovaries in different age groups. The present study would serve as a baseline data for the gynecologist, obstetricians and endocrinologist about the onset of infertility in the context of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: Cross sectional analytical type of study was conducted at the department of Anatomy, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur. Fifty pairs postmortem human ovaries from Bangladeshi female aged between 15 and 45 years were examined for morphological study. The morphological parameters such as length, breadth, circumference, weight and volume of the right and left ovaries determined by physical method and the data were compared between different age groups. Result: Mean length, circumference and volume were significantly higher in group A than the other groups in both right and left sides. The difference reached a significant level (P< 0.05) in both ovaries in between and within groups for all mentioned parameter. The mean breadth of right ovary in group B and mean breadth of left ovary in group A were larger than the other groups but was not significant. Conclusion: The values of the morphological measurements fall from younger to older women. This may be due to depletion of the ovarian non-growing follicles thus reflecting fall in the ovarian reserve. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20675 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 77-80","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134189460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photographic Estimation of Facial Height and Nasal Length of Bangladeshi Women","authors":"Nazma Farhat, H. Naushaba, Ritaban Saha, M. Parash, Jubaida Gulshan Ara, Mallika Karmakar","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20669","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Estimation of facial height and nasal length from digital photography is important to evaluate and planning surgical treatment of facial trauma, facial defect and post traumatic deformity. So facial height and nasal length values are of great use in plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery. These values are also important for identification of a person in forensic anthropology and archeology. The reliability of estimation of facial height from nasal length by using multiplication factor is high. The values of facial height and nasal length vary among populations. Materials and Method: This is a cross sectional, analytical type of study conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from January 2010 to June 2011. One hundred (100) Bangladeshi 25 to 45 years old women were selected for the study. Fourth class female employees of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital and part time housemaids of Mitford area were selected by purposive sampling as study subjects. Results: The values of facial height and nasal length were 17.949 ± 1.3111cm and 5.179 ± 0.5349cm respectively. Multiplication factor for measuring facial height from nasal length was 3.49 ± 0.2864 (Mean ± SD). No significant difference was found between the measured and estimated facial height from nasal length. Conclusion: The anthropometric base line data of different facial dimensions might help the surgeons in diagnosing and treating reconstructive cases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20669 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 50-53","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123615271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs Assessment of Anatomy for the Gastroenterology Masters Course among Teachers, Practitioners and Students: Coverage of Topics other than Topographic Anatomy","authors":"M. Ayub, K. Shamim, Nahid Shahana","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20672","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Absence of formally specified course content and objectives, instructional methodology, and assessment system for Anatomy in the MD Gastroenterology course of Bangladesh has led to confusion in the implementation of its residency curriculum with respect to Anatomy. Needs assessment of Anatomy for the would-be gastroenterologists among the stakeholders of the course would help solving this problem. This study aimed at having feedback on the coverage of topics of Anatomy other than topographic anatomy in teaching and assessment of the MD Gastroenterology course attended by them. Materials & Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from July 2002 to December 2003. A questionnaire (based on analysis of a textbook of Gastroenterology) with close-ended questions was sent to nine teachers/practitioners, students (residents) and thesis part students of the MD Gastroenterology course. Results: The number of topics that were felt to covered ‘as required’ by majority of the participants was 2 out of 11. For the most of the topics, teaching or assessment was felt to be ‘more than required’. Though more than 70% respondents considered the course as customized and 75% tended to agree that teaching and assessment had been useful in clinical work, 55.6% thought that it had catered more recall-level knowledge, 85% did not think that a ‘problem-based approach’ had been taken in the course. Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study positive steps can be taken to reorganize of Anatomyportion of the course and making it clinically to the gastroenterologists. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20672 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 62-67","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130105034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Foramen in Bangladeshi Dry Adult Human Mandible","authors":"M. Hoque, S. Ara, S. Begum, A. Kamal, A. Momen","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20671","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Mandible is the lower jaw bone providing attachment of muscles of mastication and facial expression and provides pathway for inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. Adequate anaesthesia is a prerequisite of most of the dental procedures. Effective pain control in dentistry may be achieved by the local anaesthetic techniques; the most common procedures which are followed by the inferior alveolar nerve block. Therefore, identification of mandibular foramen is important for dental surgeons in nerve block and surgical procedures to avoid injury to neurovascular bundle. The aim of this study was to determine the position of the mandibular foramen from various anatomical landmarks. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytical type of study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka on one hundred and eighty five (185) dry adult human mandibles of unknown sex. Position of mandibular foramen was determined using the distance of the mandibular foramen to (a) the anterior border of the ramus (b) the posterior border of the ramus (c) the mandibular notch (d) the head of the mandible (e) the posterior edge of third molar socket and (f) the symphysis menti which were measured with the help of digital sliding calipers. Results: The mandibular foramen was at the same distance from each landmark on both sides demonstrating symmetry. There was no significant difference in the values on the right and left sides of the mandibles. Conclusion: Anatomical knowledge of this study might be useful in certain surgical procedure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20671 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 58-61","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131807693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Group Teaching","authors":"H. Naushaba","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20668","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20668 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 48","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125916859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the Location of Basilar Artery on Ventral Surface of Pons","authors":"Anjuman Ara Sultana, S. Ara, Mushfika Rahman, H. Afroz, Rahanur Akter, F. Akter, K. Fatema","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20673","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Basilar artery is formed by the union of right & left vertebral arteries at the lower border of pons / mid medullary level which courses upward along ‘Basilar groove’ on the anterior surface of pons & supplies the anatomical structures within the posterior cranial fossa of brain. The Circle of Willis is the principal arterial anastomotic trunk of brain formed by anastomosis between the branches of internal carotid arteries and terminal branch of basilar artery. It is responsible for collateral circulation of brain, specially of old people - who have reduced blood supply to brain due to senile arteriosclerosis. Cerebrovascular diseases due to basilar artery is more common in men than women. Anatomy of basilar artery and its branches are very complex and variable. So, detailed morphogical knowledge is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorder. To identify whether there is any variations in the location of basilar artery in relation to basilar groove on the ventral surface of pons . Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive type of study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2010 to December 2010. Seventy(70) postmortem basilar arteries were collected from unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the morgue of Department of Forensic medicine, Dhaka Medical College Dhaka. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of Dhaka Medical College. The position of basilar artery in all the samples were either in the midline, right to midline or left to midline. Formalin fixed brain was washed with plain tap water to remove excess formalin and was kept on metallic tray. Location of basilar artery was examined carefully by hand magnifying glass and noted. Results: In the present study, location of basilar artery was found at midline in 70% brain, right to midline in 17%, left to midline in 13%. Conclusion: Further studies in large scale for preparing a database of anatomy of basilar artery are recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20673 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 68-70","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128805700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Qualities of a Medical Teacher","authors":"H. K. Talukder, S. Parveen, Z. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJA.V11I2.20677","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Teaching is a novel profession. Teaching is a science as well as an art. In case of medical teaching it is more important as it deals with human being oriented curriculum. Products of the medical teachers will deal with life and death. So medical teachers should have such qualities as role model in-front of students. It will help students to become future physicians with professionalism which the medical profession and people expect from them. Materials & Methods: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in different government and nongovernment medical colleges of Bangladesh to identify the qualities of medical teachers. The study population was the teachers of MBBS course who were working at least one year in medical colleges and were willing to co-operate and were available at the time of data collection. Sample size was 437. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data from the teachers. There were few open ended questions also. Results: Study revealed the generic fundamental qualities of a medical teacher are competent in respective subject, teach medical students daily, ethical person, nonthreatening attitude, assess the student in unbiased way, strength of personality, updated with relevant recent knowledge, not involve in grouping, preparing and presenting audio visual aids to make the teaching sessions attractive, strength of good communication (verbal, nonverbal, writing etc.), conduct research regularly, publish article in journals every year, act as role model, friendly with the colleagues, supportive for the staff, co-operate rationally with the administration, justified decision maker and good basic clinical care provider. Study also revealed the specific qualities of a medical teacher are sympathetic & empathetic dealings of a teacher towards patients, counsel to motivate students to be a self directed learner, motivate students for positive extracurricular activities (outdoor/indoor games, cultural functions, wall magazine, debate etc.), well behalf manager, fair personalities, wear decent well dress and not actively involved in politics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20677 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 86-91","PeriodicalId":284932,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}