Russian Journal of Economics and Law最新文献

{"title":"Counteracting the practices of sham transactions: market manipulations and using insider trading","authors":"A. V. Kurnosov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.331-344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.331-344","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to consider approaches to countering the use of unfair transaction practices, in particular, market manipulations and insider trading within the functions and powers of the Bank of Russia.Methods: the work used a combination of methods of dialectical, empirical, comparative and logical research.Results: approaches to the definition of market manipulation are established, the main methods of market manipulation are considered. The activity of the Bank of Russia to identify unfair practices in the Russian financial market was studied; the amount of market manipulation cases was identified and analyzed. The approaches were shown, which exist within the framework of the financial market development strategy to counteract the use of unfair transactions practices, including the practices of market manipulation and the use of insider trading; promising areas of development in the specified areas were identified.Scientific novelty: the article consolidates the dynamics of the activities of the Bank of Russia, the probable problem areas and the potential in the field of countering the unfair transactions practices, including market manipulation and insider trading; the amount of identified cases of market manipulation is analyzed.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the further analysis of countering the use of unfair behavior practices in the financial market and in forming a glossary.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133276021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of the principles of awards law of the Russian Federation subjects","authors":"P. Kabanov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.379-398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.379-398","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to assess the state of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects and to develop measuresto improve it.Methods: the main methods of the conducted research are general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, comparison, extrapolation, and the specific-legal methods of cognition of award relations based on them, used in the Russian theory of law and the state.Results: the knowledge about the legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects is systematized; the features of the legal regulation of the higher official (state) regional awards system formation and application by the legal norms of the Russian Federation subjects are identified. Typical shortcomings of the constitutional and legal regulation of award relations in individual Russian Federation subjects are revealed: on the one hand, the lack of consolidation of the regional awards institution within the constitutional (statutory) legislation, and on the other hand, excessive detailing of award relations in regional constitutions and statutes, which is to be reflected in the norms of special regional award legislation. Measures are proposed to eliminate the identified shortcomings and improve the constitutional and legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects.Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal science, a monitoring study of the principles of award law of the Russian Federation subjects was conducted, which allows assessing the quality of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian regions.Practical significance: the results obtained can be used in the law-making activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation subjects to improve the legal regulation of award relations.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133488375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"). Institute of intellectual property in the context of the Russian innovative system development","authors":"I. Shiriaev, A. Maskaev, S. Tsygankov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.275-293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.275-293","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to identify the main features of the impact of the intellectual property institute on the Russian innovation system development using the analysis of theoretical studies and narratives on the impact of intellectual property on innovations.Methods: qualitative methods of analysis of institutions (narrative analysis), analysis of statistical data.Results: the difference between the traditional, mixed and heterodox approaches to substantiating or criticizing the intellectual property institute is shown. To illustrate the ideas of each of the selected approaches, relevant examples of narratives are given, which describe the impact of intellectual property on innovative activity. Based on the study of the global experience in overcoming problems related to intellectual property, it is shown that many countries have long been taking measures to limit the validity of foreign patents in order to support the innovative activity of national enterprises. The analysis of narratives also demonstrates the existence of a typical narrative about the rejection of international patents in the field of medicines production and medical technologies, justified by the state’s concern for the health and safety of the population. Scientific novelty: it consists in applying the methodology of narrative economics to the analysis of intellectual property and its role in the Russian innovation system.Practical significance: the main provisions of the article can be used to review the inefficiency of the existing intellectual property institute and to propose promising ways to reform it.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121211771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developed and developing countries: towards the common target with different speeds","authors":"L. I. Grinin, A. Korotaev, S. Malkov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.229-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.229-244","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze the expected economic transformations in the 21st century in various countries of the world. Methods: abstract-logical method, methods of modeling of socio-economic self-organization, methods of long-term forecasting of world dynamics, theory of institutional matrices.Results: based on the performed analysis, the following conclusions are made: 1) in the coming decades, a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations and forms of economic structures will be observed in the world (with an increase in the proportion of post-industrial forms). At the same time, there will be a shift towards strengthening distributive institutions in developed countries and a shift towards strengthening market institutions in developing countries that continue the processes of economic and socio-political modernization; 2) the process of internationalization of the labor force will be intensified (due to the development of remote employment) along with the internationalization of capital; 3) a new technological wave (2030s – 2070s) will bring new resources and expand the sphere for production and services, which will support economic growth in both developed and developing countries; 4) at the same time in some areas, in particular in medicine, a very significant regulation of economic activity is inevitable, while in other areas, in particular in robotics, economic mechanisms of a market-corporate type may strengthen; 5) thus, the most important task in the coming decades is to increase the flexibility of socio-economic development of all countries of the world, namely, gaining the ability to regulate the ratio of market and distribution mechanisms depending on the spheres of activity and tasks to be solved without the pressure of ideological dogmas.Scientific novelty: based on the historical trends analysis using the theory of institutional matrices, a forecast of economic transformations in the 21st century is made for the countries of various types and the expected features of these transformations are substantiated.Practical significance: the proposed methods of long-term forecasting can be used in strategic planning systems in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National innovative ecosystem as a platform for the country’s social-economic development","authors":"Yaroslava Danilina, M. Rybachuk","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.245-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.245-257","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to improve approaches to forming a strategy for the development of a national innovation system.Methods: the work uses a set of methods and approaches, such as the system economic theory, the space-time analysis andsynthesis.Results: the results of the implementation of the Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation until 2020 was analyzed, which enabled to formulate conclusions about the low efficiency of the results of its implementation. The essence of the national innovation ecosystem and the approaches to its formation were determined. The necessity of applying the ecosystem approach in the formation of the national innovation system is substantiated, recommendations on the system economic theory application in building an integrated national innovation ecosystem are presented. An approach to the organization of the national innovation system as a quadruple helix is proposed, which will ensure the connectivity of its components. The analysis of the possibilities of using digital technologies to develop innovative connections based on ecosystem principles is carried out.Scientific novelty: it consists in the application of systemic economic theory and ecosystem principles that allow taking into account the institutional and socio-economic conditions specific to Russia for the development of the national innovation system.Practical significance: the research results presented in the article can be used to create a strategy for the innovative development of the Russian Federation for the future, as well as for the development of the national innovation system as a whole.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127483925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing industry of Russia, anticrisis measures, credit excess and offers for the Bank of Russia under new anti-Russia sanctions","authors":"S. Andryushin, R. Grigoryev","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.294-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.294-314","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze the transformations in the Russian manufacturing industry associated with the massive renewal of the material and technical base of the machine-building sector.Methods: the article uses empirical, logical, comparative and statistical methods of analysis.Results: under the new sanctions, mechanical engineering, primary machine-building, should become the main area of transformations in the Russian industry, functioning on a new technological basis. The article analyzes the Russian machinebuilding sector and the development strategy of the manufacturing industry for the period up to 2035; the sources of financing of the Russian manufacturing industry are investigated; the current state of development of the Russian manufacturing sectors for January-March 2022 is shown; the anti-crisis measures of the Bank of Russia in the context of new economic sanctions are analyzed; a package of additional measures is considered related to the relief of credit overheating, accounts payable and receivables at Russian industrial enterprises in the short-, mediumand long-term.Scientific novelty: under the large-scale restructuring of the Russian economy, the Bank of Russia needs to switch to the nominal GDP targeting mode, to carry out the denomination of settlements and payments for export products in rubles tied to the target price of gold as a standard of value; to minimize and mitigate the risks of inflationary factors in industry by creating a Bank of bad debts.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to carry out a large-scale modernization of the manufacturing industry of the Russian economy, ensuring the flow of modern technologies and products to the domestic market and taking into account the technical and economic features of the development of Russian regions.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124012258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-oriented economy: elaborating a definition","authors":"S. Nasyrova","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.258-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.258-274","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to develop the conceptual provisions and conceptual-categorical apparatus of a human-oriented economy by developing approaches to the definition of a human-oriented economy and determining the universal and specifi  characteristics of the phenomenon under study.Methods: content analysis, the method of formal logic, the method of two-level triadic decryption of categories.Results: the discrepancy was revealed between the existing theoretical approaches to human-oriented economy and the socioeconomic relations resulting from the increasing role of human needs associated with human development; the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the human-oriented economy was constructed through the synthesis of two methods: formal logic and two-level triadic decoding of the category; the understanding of the necessary (satisfaction of human needs) and sufficient (objective necessity of human needs) conditions for the development of a human-oriented economy was revealed; two levels of triads of concepts characterizing the essence of a human-centered economy are defined: human nature (biological, cognitive, social), resources (human, material, informational), goods (products, services, ideas).Scientific novelty: the article constructs the new definition of a “human-oriented economy”, which unlike those available in the literature allows complete interpretation of this concept, covering its fundamental qualitative characteristics.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be widely used in scientific activity in order to develop the conceptual apparatus of a human-oriented economy, as well as to form a holistic scientifically subtantiated theory of human-oriented economy. The results obtained are the starting point for the formation of approaches designed to determine the level of development of the human-centered economy in Russia in order to develop a set of measures for its effective management.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115792971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of success of priority investment projects in the sphere of forest exploitation in Russia: econometric analysis","authors":"E. D. Ivantsova, A. Pyzhev","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.315-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.315-330","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to identify the factors that determined the success of investment projects in the field of forest development on the basis of available information about the enterprises – applicants for such projects.Methods: regression analysis of binary choice models, logistic regression.Results: the key constraints of the development of the Russian forest sector are identified. The review of the most relevant scientific research on the topic of investments into forest complex is carried out. Taking into account the identified problems and the analysis of the global experience in solving them, the most promising mechanism in this context was identified – that is, state support for investment projects from the priority list in the field of forest development. Based on a sample of 200 projects, a logit regression model was evaluated, which determines the impact of project parameters on the probability of their successful implementation. The hypothesis that there is a statistically significant impact on the success of investment projects was confirmed for a number of factors: the average revenue and average cost of fixed assets of the enterprise, the absence of employees in the organization, the connection of the enterprise with foreign capital and the fact that the enterprise has been unprofitable for the past three years.Scientific novelty: for the first time, estimates were made of the contribution of the forest complex enterprises’ characteristics to the probability of successful implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development.Practical signifi       : the high predictive ability of the model allows using information about the project success determinants to adjust the mechanism for providing support, which will enable to increase the share of successfully implemented projects and therefore increase the effectiveness of this measure of stimulating investment in the development of the Russian forestry industry.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125655703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal bases for prosecution of medical staff for illegal acts during the soviet and post-soviet periods","authors":"P. Kobets","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.1.106-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.1.106-121","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study the historical retrospective of the Soviet (1917-1991) and post-Soviet (1991 – present) periods of healthcare, the evolution of their legal support; to conduct a comprehensive criminological study and analysis of the criminal liability of medical staff who committed illegal acts in the historical periods under consideration.Methods: the methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, formal and logical approach. In addition, the author used specific scientific methods, including the historical one.Results: in general, the analysis of the legal foundations of criminal prosecution of medical staff who committed illegal acts during the Soviet and post-Soviet period suggests that the institute of legal liability of medical staff, the medical science and practice developed in parallel under the influence of social, economic and political factors. Since the beginning of the Soviet period, the issues of liability of medical staff have caused numerous disputes among both researchers and practitioners, and today these disputes continue and do not subside. At the same time, it is important to emphasize that the Russian legislative system in the field of healthcare has always been formed solely with the special attitude of the state and society to medical staff, who were perceived as guardians of the health of the citizens and enjoyed their confidence, which in turn gave rise to special caution and responsibility among medical personnel.Scientific novelty: the study is distinguished by the author’s unique approach, which allowed stating the social conditionality of legal prohibitions for the illegal acts under consideration, as well as the causal relationship between the regulatory legal framework formed and the social consequences generated by it in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.Practical significance: the conclusions obtained by studying the genesis of the problems related to the liability of medical personnel for committing illegal acts will contribute to the development of a scientific understanding of the essence of the phenomenon under consideration, as well as the identification of a modern causal complex contributing to the occurrence of these illegal acts.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131894664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central bank digital currencies: experience of introducing a digital yuan and development of a digital ruble conception","authors":"D. Kochergin","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.1.51-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.1.51-78","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the essential foundations of digital currencies of central banks and, based on the experience of the digital Yuan introduction in China, to substantiate the directions for improving the concept of the digital ruble introduction in Russia and the feasibility of issuing a digital currency in Belarus.Methods: the article uses empirical, logical, comparative and statistical methods within a systematic approach to determine the areas for improving the concept of development of a central banks digital currency.Results: the key characteristics of central banks digital currencies are determined; the features of models of retail digital currency systems are revealed; the main characteristics of the digital Yuan design and the features of its emission-settlement system organization are investigated; the main elements of the digital ruble concept of the Bank of Russia, the structure of its emission-settlement system and digital platform are examined; the issue of the feasibility of introducing the digital Belarusian ruble in the Republic of Belarus is investigated. We propose to develop additional mechanisms to protect the integrity and confidentiality of the payment information stored in the register of the Bank of Russia on the digital ruble platform, to differentiate the tools of digital wallets, and to set limits on individual payment transactions with the digital ruble.Scientific novelty: the study reveals the features of the model of a two-level system of retail digital currencies of central banks in China and Russia; the directions of improving the concept of the digital ruble introduction are determined and the expediency of issuing digital currency in the Republic of Belarus is justified.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used by economists, central banks and credit institutions in the development and improvement of the national digital currency design, its emission and settlement model and the development of the concept of its implementation, taking the world experience into account.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126741892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}