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Political Behavior: Race最新文献

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The Network Formation Origin of Tribal Societies 部落社会的网络形成起源
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3203943
J. Mejia
{"title":"The Network Formation Origin of Tribal Societies","authors":"J. Mejia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3203943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3203943","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a network formation model for explaining the stability of tribal societies. The model is supported by the idea that every two members of a tribe should have benefited from being connected to each other in order for the whole tribe to be stable. It also considers the constraints that the ecosystem brought to social interaction in pre-modern contexts. The model has three predictions. First, both homogeneous and heterogeneous tribes could have been stable regardless of technological development. Second, the social complexity of tribes was a function of technological development (having access to agriculture should have enabled the emergence of larger and more complex societies), interaction costs (if they were too low or too high, no complex society should have emerged), and environmental conditions (poor ecosystems should not have allowed the formation of complex societies). Finally, the model predicts that collapses of agricultural societies could not come from environmental pressures, but from high interaction costs. The predictions are consistent with some of the most relevant human history patterns.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126027966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Ethnic Segregation of Immigrants in the United States from 1850 to 1940 1850年至1940年美国移民的种族隔离
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.3386/W24764
K. Eriksson, Zachary Ward
{"title":"The Ethnic Segregation of Immigrants in the United States from 1850 to 1940","authors":"K. Eriksson, Zachary Ward","doi":"10.3386/W24764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24764","url":null,"abstract":"We provide the first estimates of ethnic segregation between 1850 and 1940 that cover the entire United States and are consistent across time and space. To do so, we adapt the Logan-Parman method to immigrants by measuring segregation based on the nativity of the next-door neighbor. In addition to providing a consistent measure of segregation, we also document new patterns such as the high levels of segregation in rural areas, in small factory towns and for non-European sources. Early 20th century immigrants spatially assimilated at a slow rate, leaving immigrants’ lived experience distinct from natives for decades after arrival.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116117857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Diversity and Growth 多样性与成长
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3193307
M. Gradstein
{"title":"Diversity and Growth","authors":"M. Gradstein","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3193307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3193307","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of social interaction within economic communities affects productivity and growth, and is itself shaped by economic conditions. These reciprocal effects raise the possibility of multiple equilibria, of setting a socially polarized economy stagnating in poverty on a new path of social integration and economic growth through external intervention or an internal political initiative. This paper describes a simple analytical model that captures these reciprocal effects, and sheds light on the role of government capacity, community leadership, federation and external credit or aid, in achieving economic growth through social integration.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121506749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Effect of Religiosity on Adolescent Risky Behaviors 宗教信仰对青少年危险行为的影响
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-05-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3193320
S. Mendolia, A. Paloyo, I. Walker
{"title":"The Effect of Religiosity on Adolescent Risky Behaviors","authors":"S. Mendolia, A. Paloyo, I. Walker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3193320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3193320","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the relationship between religiosity and risky behaviors in adolescence using data from a large and detailed cohort study of 14 year olds who have been followed for seven years. We focus on the effect of the self-reported importance of religion and on the risk of youths having early sexual intercourse, drinking underage, trying cigarettes, trying cannabis, and being involved in fighting at ages 14–17. We use school and individual fixed effects, and we control for a rich set of adolescent, school, and family characteristics, including achievements in standardized test scores at age 11, parental employment, and marital status. We also control for information on personality traits, such as work ethic, self-esteem, and external locus of control. Our results show that individuals with low religiosity are more likely to engage in risky health behaviors, whatever their combination of personality traits. These effects are robust to separate estimations for boys and girls and to the control variables used. Moreover, the results are essentially unchanged when we use Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment estimation methods – which provide causal estimates conditional on selection on observables only.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127806757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Character Skills of Immigrants 移民的性格技能
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3388352
Moiz Bhai, Pavel I. Dramski
{"title":"The Character Skills of Immigrants","authors":"Moiz Bhai, Pavel I. Dramski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3388352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3388352","url":null,"abstract":"We use novel data on a representative sample of the U.S. population to examine how immigrants and second-generation immigrants compare to natives on non-cognitive character skills as measured by a common taxonomy of personality. Our findings reveal that immigrants and second-generation immigrants tend to have higher levels of openness to experience and agency than natives. Additionally, second-generation immigrants have higher levels of conscientiousness than natives. The findings are especially salient since character skills have been shown to influence labor market outcomes. Next, we examine the role of character skills differences on earnings by immigrant generation. Our earnings estimates reveal that non-cognitive skills have approximately as much explanatory power as schooling, yet non-cognitive skills have a modest impact on the earnings differences of immigrants and second-generation immigrants vis-a-vis natives.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124580220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Freedom of Association and its Discontents: The Calculus of Consent and the Civil Rights Movement 结社自由及其不满:同意的计算与民权运动
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-04-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3168593
Vlad Tarko, S. Gangotena
{"title":"Freedom of Association and its Discontents: The Calculus of Consent and the Civil Rights Movement","authors":"Vlad Tarko, S. Gangotena","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3168593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3168593","url":null,"abstract":"Does the classical liberal emphasis on freedom of association provide an intellectual cover for bigotry? We formulate this question in economic terms using James Buchanan’s economic approach to ethics, according to which moral values can be understood as preferences about other people’s behaviors. We discuss two possible market failures associated with freedom of association: inter-group externalities and Schelling-type emergent segregation. We show that the classical liberal position about freedom of association, as elaborated in Buchanan and Tullock’s Calculus of Consent, is fully equipped to deal with the first one, but not with the second. The progressive view that some preferences are so offensive that they should be dismissed rather than engaged or negotiated with can be reframed as an attempt to solve the emergent segregation problem, but it is vulnerable to political economy problems of its own, in particular to an inherent tendency to over-expand the meaning of “bigotry.”","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124557076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tail, Tusk, and Trunk: An Examination of What Different Metrics Reveal about Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline 尾巴、獠牙和树干:不同指标揭示学校纪律中种族不均衡的检验
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-04-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2979044
E. Girvan, K. McIntosh, K. Smolkowski
{"title":"Tail, Tusk, and Trunk: An Examination of What Different Metrics Reveal about Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline","authors":"E. Girvan, K. McIntosh, K. Smolkowski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2979044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2979044","url":null,"abstract":"There are substantial racial disparities in school discipline but little agreement on how best to measure them. The choice of metric can influence fundamental conclusions about the magnitude of racial disproportionality and which interventions are likely to address it. To inform the choice of metrics, this study used discipline data from a national sample of schools (N = 4,512) to examine the strengths and weaknesses of two common (risk ratio, risk difference) and three relatively novel (standardized effect size, raw differential representation, and discipline rate) approaches to assessing racial disproportionality. The raw number of students-of-color differentially disciplined was the most stable metric and captured the widest range of information. None of the metrics captured all relevant aspects of disproportionate discipline. Researchers and policy makers should be as deliberate as possible about their specific aims in measuring disproportionality and carefully select metrics that provide the information most responsive to their goals.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124434699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The Impact of Language on Socioeconomic Integration of Immigrants 语言对移民社会经济融合的影响
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3170274
Aslan Zorlu, J. Hartog
{"title":"The Impact of Language on Socioeconomic Integration of Immigrants","authors":"Aslan Zorlu, J. Hartog","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3170274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3170274","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the causal effects of Dutch language proficiency of immigrants from four main source countries on their labour market and social integration outcomes. Language proficiency appears ranked according to linguistic distance to The Netherlands, a ranking that even holds for the gender gap in proficiency. We assess the effect of language proficiency on two objective indicators of integration (employment and income) and two subjective measures (feeling Dutch and feeling integrated). The analysis shows that endogeneity of language skills masks a substantial part of language effects. Once accounted for endogeneity, effects of Dutch language proficiency on social and economic integration of immigrants are more than double the estimates ignoring endogeneity.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115439521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Race, Ethnicity, and the College Double Major 种族、民族和大学双专业
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-03-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3150465
Richard J. Paulsen
{"title":"Race, Ethnicity, and the College Double Major","authors":"Richard J. Paulsen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3150465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3150465","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses American Community Survey data to estimate the returns to a double major, with a focus on differential returns by race and ethnicity. Consistent with past findings, this study finds a positive return on earnings for double majors, but caution that these results are not necessarily causal. After addressing the return to a double major for the whole sample, the study then looks at heterogeneity in the return to a double major by race and gender. A theoretical model is presented which predicts that non-whites will see a higher return on earnings than whites. As predicted, blacks and Hispanics see a significantly higher return to a double major than whites. Policy focused on lowering the cost of double majoring could help to alleviate some of the racial earnings gap.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125074256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minority Entrepreneurship: Does It Pay to Discriminate? 少数族裔创业:歧视有好处吗?
Political Behavior: Race Pub Date : 2018-03-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3138203
S. Silva
{"title":"Minority Entrepreneurship: Does It Pay to Discriminate?","authors":"S. Silva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3138203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3138203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a model that, although among the first to explain minority entrepreneurship in a general equilibrium framework, is simple enough to yield closed-form solutions. Minorities may face higher entry costs and their distribution of management skills may be less advantageous. A novel result is that not only the absolute but also the relative entry costs and the relative distribution of skills, between minorities and non-minorities, matter for firm-entry decisions. As an application, the proposed model is used to explain the recent increment in entrepreneurship among African Americans in high-entry-barrier sectors.","PeriodicalId":284417,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Race","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124738742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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