Composites Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Bayesian-optimized 1D-CNN for delamination classification in CFRP laminates using raw ultrasonic guided waves","authors":"Shain Azadi ,&nbsp;Yoji Okabe ,&nbsp;Valter Carvelli","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a Bayesian-optimized shallow 1D-Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) for classifying delamination in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates using raw Laser Ultrasonic Guided Wave (LUGW) data. The dataset comprises over 2 million waveforms from ten cross-ply CFRP laminates, including one undamaged and nine with delamination of varying sizes and depths, measured from three directions, totaling 30 distinct classes. A systematic approach combining Monte Carlo Random Sampling, Random Forest Emulator-based sensitivity analysis, and Tree-Structured Parzen Estimator (TPE)-Bayesian Optimization with Hyperband Pruning was employed to fine-tune critical hyperparameters and design a lightweight, efficient architecture. The optimized 1D-CNN exhibited near-perfect performance, as evidenced by Stratified K-Fold Cross-Validation (SKCV) and the proposed Inverse SKCV, with 99.99 % accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and AUC-ROC in multi-class classification. The model's effectiveness in generalizing without the need for signal preprocessing is a result of regularization techniques such as Dropout, Elastic Net, Early Stopping, and a Reduce-On-Plateau learning rate. Furthermore, its lightweight architecture makes it suitable for deployment on consumer-level hardware, with strong potential for future real-time monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 111101"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced biological photosynthetic efficiency using bio-based dual-emissive sandwich structure films via wrapping of carbon dots for precise spectral conversion","authors":"Ying Wang,&nbsp;Jiayu Liu,&nbsp;Xinyan Fan,&nbsp;Yunjie Ju,&nbsp;Zhenke Wei,&nbsp;Xiangyu Tang,&nbsp;Yonggui Wang,&nbsp;Zefang Xiao,&nbsp;Yanjun Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving photosynthesis and light capture using bio-based light-conversion films increases crop yield and paves a sustainable way to meet the growing global food demand. In this study, red-emissive carbon dots (RCDs) and blue-emissive CDs (BCDs) were trapped in biopolymers to develop a novel dual-excitation dual-emission light-conversion film (BRLCFs) with sandwich structure for efficient solar spectral conversion and promote photosynthetic efficiency of greenhouse plants. The middle layer of the film comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), RCDs, and ascorbic acid (AA), which convert ultraviolet and green light into red light. The strong hydrogen bonding between the RCDs and PVA, including the antioxidant properties of AA, ensured excellent stability of the red light emission of the film. The edge layers, which composed of cellulose acetate and BCDs, converted ultraviolet light into blue light. This composition allowed the film to maintain exceptional photostability and morphological stability, even in high-humidity environments. In agricultural cultivation, BRLCFs significantly enhanced lettuce growth parameters, with a notable 21.89 % increase in fresh weight and 19.54 % increase in dry weight, highlighting the potential of BRLCFs to boost crop yield in controlled environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 111097"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of fiber-matrix interface debonding under normal loading using in-situ microscopy and cruciform-shaped single glass fiber composite specimens","authors":"Olivier Verschatse,&nbsp;Mehdi Nikforooz,&nbsp;Karen De Clerck,&nbsp;Wim Van Paepegem,&nbsp;Lode Daelemans","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the important microscale properties that determine a composite's performance is the fiber-matrix interface strength. Research has primarily been focused on the interface strength under shear loading, while studies on interface strength under normal loading are limited. Nevertheless, normal loading is very relevant, for example to understand failure mechanisms in 90° plies. Therefore, in this work, we modified a single fiber composite test to a cruciform shape with a thinned middle section to test glass fiber matrix interface properties under normal loading conditions. These specimens allow testing the interface up till the point of failure of the polymer matrix, thus improving over regular cruciform specimens. An in-house designed tensile stage enabled the use of in -situ transmission and reflection microscopy. Insights into the debonding process were obtained over a large fiber length (±10 mm) via the use of a step-and-shoot method. The methodology is applied to a glass fiber with an epoxy compatible and incompatible sizing. It shows that the debonding process can be divided into two partially independent debonding processes (initiation and propagation). The obtained data enabled the construction of a descriptive function for the total debond length of a fiber-matrix interface. This showed that besides a high interface strength, a homogeneous application of the sizing should be aimed to decrease the chances of initiating debonding at lower stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 111089"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive damage analysis of 3D woven composite single-edge notch tension test using a ternary model","authors":"Wushuai Liu,&nbsp;Wu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is of great significance for enhancing the in-plane fracture toughness of 3D woven composite (3DWC) to study the failure mechanism of a single edge notch tension (SENT) test. It requires high computational demand to establish the SENT finite element (FE) model using conformal modeling methods. In this paper, a ternary model is proposed to analyze the damage and fracture of 3DWC. The matrix cracking, yarn rupture, and interface failure between the yarn and matrix are considered. Firstly, the ternary models are verified by the uniaxial tensile tests. Subsequently, the SENT FE models are established using the ternary model. Progressive damage analyses of the SENT tests are conducted. A good consistency of the load-displacement relationships from the SENT FE models and tests is achieved. The failure mechanisms of warp and weft SENT tests are revealed. Finally, the influences of interface failure and yarn fracture toughness on the mechanical behaviors of SENT FE models are discussed. The proposed ternary model can consider the influence of interface failure on the mechanical behavior of 3DWC, compared to the binary model. It is much more efficient than the conformal modeling methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 111086"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D phase gradient induced surface wave torsion metastructure for anomalous electromagnetic damage tolerance","authors":"Yiming Zhao,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Xianrui Sun,&nbsp;Xinyuan Lv,&nbsp;Yonglyu He,&nbsp;Yulin Zhang,&nbsp;Qifeng Jin,&nbsp;Suli Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative design freedom named as induce surface electromagnetic wave twisting was proposed in this work to address the electromagnetic absorption efficiency degradation of wave-absorbing structures under external impact damage modes. Phase gradient metasurfaces with different patterns and construction materials were smoothly transitioned along three spatial dimensions to induce the generation and directional transmission of surface waves. Besides, periodic 3D spiral waveguide channels were constructed through delicate design of gaps inside different patterns which was confirmed effective absorption of large angle oblique incident waves via theoretical calculations. Reflection loss less than −10 dB in 4–18 GHz frequency band when the penetrating damage proportion less than 40 % at an incident angle of 0–45°. A symmetric model was further proposed to reveal special energy absorption and conversion mechanisms. Our study provides a novel design freedom for damage tolerant electromagnetic absorption structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 111088"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel semi-empirical analytical method for stiffness prediction of unidirectional discontinuous-fiber composites","authors":"Dayong Huang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofu Tang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhu ,&nbsp;Xianqiong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple and efficient micromechanical model of unidirectional discontinuous-fiber composites (UDC) is critical for predicting the mechanical properties of injection molded fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (IMFT). A new explicit expression of longitudinal modulus <em>E</em>₁₁ is constructed by introducing a fiber aspect ratio weight function considering to the advantages of Cox shear lag model and Halpin-Tsai model. The Halpin-Tsai model is modified by introducing an equivalent fiber aspect ratio to study the variation of transverse modulus <em>E</em>₂₂ with fiber aspect ratio <em>l</em>/<em>a</em>. Based on the stress distribution of Hsueh model in RVE, a simple explicit expression of Poisson's ratio <em>v</em>₁₂ is derived by using average approximation method and mixing principle, which can reduce the Halpin-Tsai equation. Poisson's ratio <em>v</em>₂₃ is deduced by assuming that the Poisson's ratio properties are isotropic, and then the underestimation of shear modulus <em>G</em>₂₃ is corrected by the modified Halpin-Tsai model for <em>v</em>₂₃ based on reverse engineering. The Halpin-Tsai model is modified by introducing an equivalent fiber aspect ratio to study the variation of shear modulus <em>G</em>₁₂ with <em>l</em>/<em>a</em>. The validity of the novel semi-empirical analytical model is verified by compared with the prediction results of other famous models (including finite element method) and experimental results. In addition, the elastic moduli of IMFT were predicted well, which indirectly demonstrates the superiority of the novel modified model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 111087"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of orientation distribution of graphene platelets in nanocomposites using TEM","authors":"Osman Bayrak ,&nbsp;Mikhail Tashkinov ,&nbsp;Vadim V. Silberschmidt ,&nbsp;Emrah Demirci","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical properties of nanocomposites are directly affected by their microstructures. Orientation distribution of nano-reinforcements, one of the critical microstructural parameters, is, therefore, of great importance. However, methods to quantify their orientation are limited. Many studies employ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for qualitative characterisation of orientation distribution of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in nanocomposites. However, there is no report in the literature that does it quantitatively based on TEM micrographs. In this study, a method for the use of TEM in quantitative characterisation of the orientation distribution of GNPs in nanocomposites is suggested. Materials used for this purpose were sodium alginate nanocomposites reinforced with GNPs. In order to assess the effectiveness of the suggested method, finite-element (FE) models of representative volume elements (RVEs) of the nanocomposites were developed based on the GNPs' orientation distribution data. Elastic-range tensile tests of these composites were simulated with the RVEs. The simulation results were compared with the data from experiments reported in our previous study. A strong correlation between the obtained results of numerical simulations and the experimental data was observed. Young's moduli of the nanocomposites, calculated with the simulations, were slightly higher than those from the experiments. A discrepancy of less than 4 % in the Young's moduli can be attributed to other microstructural parameters such as spatial distribution nonuniformity, wrinkling and dimensional variation of the GNPs, which were not taken into account in the FE models. Some micromechanical models were also implemented in order to assess their capability to predict the effect of GNP orientation distributions on stiffness of the nanocomposites. The Krenchel orientation factors were incorporated into the models for this purpose. This study shows that the quantitative characterisation of orientation distribution of graphene in nanocomposites is achievable through TEM analyses with the suggested methodology and can be used to underpin analysis of their properties and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 111084"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3D elasto-plastic damage model for fiber-reinforced polymer composites with fiber kinking: Formulation and efficient numerical implementation","authors":"Junfeng Ding,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Zheng,&nbsp;Shangyang Yu,&nbsp;Licheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 3D elasto-plastic damage (EPD) model for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has been developed in this study, which integrates a new fiber kinking criterion based on plastic deformation theory and employs an efficient formulation for elasto-plastic updates. The 3D hydrostatic pressure-sensitive plasticity model is embedded into the fiber kinking criterion based on the proportional loading condition, accounting for the objectivity and hydrostatic pressure sensitivity in fiber rotation calculations. Moreover, a transversely isotropic damage constitutive model is constructed with an exponential damage evolution law dependent on the matrix fracture angle. In the elasto-plastic update process of the 3D hydrostatic pressure-sensitive plasticity model, a novel one-equation integration algorithm is developed through the application of variable substitution in the backward Euler implicit scheme. Compared with the direct seven-equation integration algorithm, this one-equation integration algorithm is greatly more efficient, and it could easily improve convergence because it involves only one nonlinear equation. The 3D EPD model is employed to predict the open-hole compression (OHC) strengths and damage patterns of FRP composites, corresponding well with experimental data and providing better accuracy than the model without plasticity. Particularly, the parametric study exhibits that fiber initial misalignments greatly influence the OHC performance and should be calculated accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 111085"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step assembly of conductive coatings from polyphenol and Nanocarbon-PIL: A versatile approach for fabricating multifunctional sensors","authors":"Zhongtao Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Chen ,&nbsp;Kaiyu Li ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Liang ,&nbsp;Hai Wan ,&nbsp;Wenbin Jin ,&nbsp;Shuohan Huang ,&nbsp;Peng Wei ,&nbsp;Yuwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yanping Wang ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Yumin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly conductive strategy for even coating carbon nanomaterials is in great demand for various applications. We introduce a conductive modification technique that is universally applicable to a range of substrates. It involves enhancing surface electronegativity by dip-coating various substrates with tannic acid (TA) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃) solutions. The process was further refined by the ability of imidazolyl poly (ionic liquid) (PIL-Cl) to disperse carbon black (CB) in water. The conductive modification of various substrate surfaces was facilitated based on electrostatic interactions between the TA-Fe³⁺ coating and the CB-(PIL-Cl) dispersion. Meanwhile, to demonstrate the potential of this approach in fabricating materials for wearable sensors, we have fabricated conductive PET fabrics (PTFA@CB). These PTFA@CB fabrics serve as strain sensors, capable of tracking human movement. Additionally, the multi-layer fabric stack design can function as a pressure sensor, providing feedback on pressure coordinates and detecting gripping motions. In addition, the TA-Fe³⁺ coating makes PTFA@CB significantly hydrophilic, which improves their responsiveness to humidity. The method described in this paper can be extended to deposit carbon nanomaterials onto various substrates with diverse shapes and properties. The process we developed offers a simple, convenient, and environmentally friendly approach for preparing conductive substrates, with the potential for scalable production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 111083"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic-inorganic crosslinking PVDF composites for high storage densities","authors":"Qianqian Yu ,&nbsp;Haijun Wang ,&nbsp;Yisha Ma ,&nbsp;Shaojuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Hu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Leipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Shouke Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of modern electronic and electrical applications has attracted extensive attention to dielectric polymer matrix composites with high dielectric constant and energy density. In this study, an organic-inorganic homogeneous composite with improved phase interface was prepared by physically cross-linking amorphous calcium sulfate oligomers (CSOs) with PVDF chains. The dielectric properties and energy storage properties of the composite films were improved by controlling the microstructure of PVDF composite films by CSOs. The results show that the addition of CSOs has a strong inducing effect on the polarity of PVDF, while reducing the crystallinity and crystallite size of PVDF, thereby improving the breakdown performance of the composites. When the applied electric field is 324 kV/mm, the maximum energy storage density is 16.12 J/cm³ and the energy storage efficiency is maintained at 87.17 %. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for the preparation of high-performance polymer-based energy storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 111082"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}