Intrabead and interbead fracture analysis of large area additive manufactured polymer and polymer composites

Abstract

Large-Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM) has seen increased application in manufacturing meter-scale, polymeric composite structural parts, especially for tooling and fixturing. Unfortunately, LAAM introduces manufacturing-induced defects in printed composites, e.g., intrabead microvoids and poor interbead adhesion that are not otherwise seen when traditional manufacturing methods are used, causing degradation of mechanical and fracture properties. In this paper, the fracture behavior of neat acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and short carbon fiber-reinforced ABS (CF/ABS) fabricated by LAAM is compared and analyzed by evaluating their energy release rate $G_{Ic}$ and fracture mechanisms. A double cantilever beam with doublers (DCB-D) test for single-bead, double-bead, and multiple-bead configurations is developed by incorporating rigid doublers to reduce the compressive failure at the crack tip, allowing for the measurement of crack propagation. A new data reduction method for these configurations is derived to remove the doubler effect from the $G_{Ic}$ calculation, producing ‘pure’ intrabead and interbead $G_{Ic}$ values. We show that CF/ABS is more damage tolerant than ABS at the intrabead level, but less damage tolerant than ABS at the interbead level. The development of plastic ligaments in ABS helps dissipate additional strain energy, improving the overall energy release rate. The experimental fracture test approach developed here is expected to provide mechanistic insight into their damage tolerance capability, accelerating the qualification process of LAAM-produced polymer and polymer composites.