{"title":"Path loss characteristics in the OOS regions of urban microcellular environments","authors":"Z. Yun, K. Tsang","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631730","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of mobile radio communications, frequency reuse is of importance to make efficient use of the limited frequency spectrum. The microcellular concept is helpful in this respect. Using low base station antennas and low transmitting powers, microcells can also provide inexpensive infrastructure and small size subscriber units. Path loss is essential in the determination of the coverage area of microcells. Considerable research has been devoted to the development of propagation prediction models of microcells and several prediction models based on ray tracing and methods of uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) have been reported. Calculations have been carried out and compared with the measured results to verify the validity of these models. Using the ray tracing technique the authors calculate the path loss in the out-of-sight (OOS) regions for a variety of urban environments. Firstly, the effect of the neighboring streets on the path loss of the OOS regions is examined. Secondly, the path loss along the streets which intersects the main street non-perpendicularly is calculated.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117304868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the power absorbed by an electric dipole just above a conducting half space","authors":"J. Wait","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.630131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.630131","url":null,"abstract":"It seems amazing that, after all these years, questions about power efficiency of dipole antennas near the ground are still being raised. In two remarkable memoirs, in 1909 and 1926, Sommerfeld presented formal exact solutions for the fields of Hertzian dipoles in the vicinity of a conducting half space. Banos (1966), in his highly cited monograph, covers the subject in an exhaustive fashion and puts Sommerfeld's seminal contributions in perspective. The related question of power absorbed in the lossy half space was presented by Sommerfeld and Renner in 1942 in an extensive treatment Nevertheless, some basic issues have not been resolved. It became apparent that the more-or-less conventional power loss calculations appeared to omit what was later coined as \"E-field loss\". The latter was associated with the vertical component of the current from the air into the lower conducting half space. The author focuses his attention on the subject by returning to the basic electric dipole over the half space model.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129694109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimum design of N sheet capactive Jaumann absorber using genetic algorithm","authors":"A. Cheldavi, M. Kamarei","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.625428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.625428","url":null,"abstract":"An optimum design for N(arbitrary)-sheet capacitive Jaumann electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber, using the genetic algorithm is presented. This algorithm is a random optimization method. We show the bandwidth for two-sheet capacity Jaumann absorber can be expanded even more than 108% as showed by Knott (see IEEE Trans.AP, vol.43, no.11, 1995), by using this algorithm and without imposing the double-notch design criteria. We also show that our results approaches Knott's results when we restrict the characteristic impedances and lengths of the lines to vary within a very short range. We also design one-sheet and three-sheet capacitive Jaumann absorbers. Finally we obtain a 20-dB attenuation bandwidth of more than 145% for one-sheet, 173% for two-sheet and 193% for three-sheet capacitive Jaumann EM absorbers, with some acceptable short range for the variables. We design the one-sheet and two-sheet capacitive Jaumann absorbers at low frequency and the three-sheet at high frequency. The 20-dB attenuation bandwidth obtained for the one-sheet and two-sheet capacitive Jaumann absorbers are respectively, from 10 to 77 MHz and, from 4 to 61 MHz. For the three-sheet capacitive Jaumann absorber the 20-dB attenuation bandwidth obtained is from 0.8 GHz to 280 GHz.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128249449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subsurface-scattering calculations via the 3D FDTD method employing PML ABC for layered media","authors":"U. Oguz, L. Gurel","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631711","url":null,"abstract":"The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is suitable for solving scattering problems that contain several inhomogeneities such as multiple objects of different material properties buried in a layered medium. The advantage of the FDTD method is that the number of unknowns remains the same and a small amount of extra modeling effort is needed for these problems. We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) FDTD computer program that employs pure scattered-field formulation and perfectly matched layers (PML) as the absorbing boundary condition (ABC) of choice. The purpose of this study is to model a subsurface radar and to observe and distinguish between the fields scattered from various buried objects with different parameters such as the size, depth, number, etc.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Luneberg lenses performance limitations due to fabrication process","authors":"P. Ingerson","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631597","url":null,"abstract":"Luneberg lenses are commonly fabricated from a number of constant dielectric concentric shells to approximate the continuous dielectric distribution of the Luneberg lens formula. This paper discusses the relationship between the number of shells and the aperture efficiency as well as the adverse effects that air gaps between layers can have on the lens gain.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The recursive Green's function method for surface integral equation analysis of inhomogeneous media","authors":"J. Freeze, M. Jensen","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.625439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.625439","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical simulation of electromagnetic phenomena in continuously varying inhomogeneous domains is an important problem which finds application in numerous areas. Many such simulations involve a moment method solution of the volume integral equation. The difficulty with this approach is the overwhelming computational resources consumed when applied to even moderately-sized domains. This paper introduces a new approach to solving the scalar wave equation in inhomogeneous domains which allows substantial reduction in the computational storage and complexity requirements as compared to conventional techniques. This algorithm, called the recursive Green's function method (Jensen and Freeze, 1996), allows efficient construction of the Green's function for the region which can subsequently be used in surface integral formulations for the fields.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128968694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A thin planar microstrip multibeam antenna system for capacity improvement of cellular radio","authors":"A. P. Ansbro, M. Crozzoli, A. Fanigliulo","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.625389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.625389","url":null,"abstract":"A thin 4 beam microstrip planar antenna is presented, for use in cellular radio systems, offering medium gain and the ability to be integrated into diversity schemes which conform to the GSM900 digital cellular system standard. The antenna, inclusive of beamformer, has a >10% impedance bandwidth, a minimum gain of 15.8 dB for each beam and has dimensions 710/spl times/800/spl times/12 mm.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impedance and polarization characteristics of \"H\" and \"IHI\" slot antennas","authors":"B. Porter, S. Gearhart","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.631712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.631712","url":null,"abstract":"We have seen an increase in interest in end loaded slot antennas for the purpose of reducing size of the slot antenna without changing the resonant frequency. Such antennas allow lower back radiation in slot coupled patch applications. They also are suitable for large scanning angle phased arrays in which the inter-element spacing must be smaller than is permissible with conventional slots. Loading sections can also be used to tune slot antennas as shown, or to modify the resonant frequency without changing the length. Due to symmetry, these antennas have no cross-polarization in the E-plane or H-plane. Hence, they have been considered for dual-polarized operation. However, it is important to recognize that there will be some cross-polarization in the D-plane (/spl phi/=45/spl deg/) of slot antennas due to the end loading sections. This paper analyzes the cross-polarization and impedance of the so-called \"H\" antenna for various end load slot lengths and introduces the \"I-HI\" antenna. Theoretical and experimental data are also shown.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel narrowband waveguide filter","authors":"O. Asfar","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.625516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.625516","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical and numerical investigation of the TE/sub 10/ mode in a rectangular corrugated waveguide, whose sinusoidal corrugation reverses phase halfway along the waveguide, reveals the existence of a very narrow passband amid a wide stopband. An X-band experimental prototype confirmed the result.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128991349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive base station antenna configuration for street microcells considering propagation environment","authors":"K. Cho, K. Nishimori, T. Hori","doi":"10.1109/APS.1997.630158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.1997.630158","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive beamforming technique is an effective way to combat multipath waves which degrade the transmission quality of high speed wireless communication systems. An antenna using the beamforming technique adaptively directs the nulls of its radiation pattern to the multipath waves. However, it sometimes requires a number of elements to direct the main beam to the desired wave and to nullify the multipath waves. This increases the hardware complexity. This paper proposes a suitable configuration for an adaptive base station antenna employing a fewer number of elements than an conventional antenna array for a street microcell, a typical cell of a microcell mobile communication system. This configuration takes into consideration the propagation characteristics of multipath waves in this typical cell, a street cell. The appropriateness of the proposed configuration is evaluated by a bit error rate (BER) simulation using the measured propagation characteristics. This paper first describes the propagation characteristics of multipath waves measured in a Japanese suburban area. Then the antenna configuration is investigated in terms of the arrangement and element spacing employing omnidirectional elements. Finally, the effectiveness of bidirectional elements is described.","PeriodicalId":283897,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997. Digest","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129105986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}