Kesen Ding, Wei Kou, S. Liang, Xiaoqing Guo, S. Gong, Yaxin Zhang
{"title":"A 140-GHz microstrip amplitude modulator based on Schottky Diodes","authors":"Kesen Ding, Wei Kou, S. Liang, Xiaoqing Guo, S. Gong, Yaxin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569566","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz modulation is always realized by the dynamic meta-surface with quasi-optical transmission mode, which limited the modulation speed and application in the integrated system. Here we propose a new way by combing the microstructure, active GaAs Schottky diodes, and microstrip to construct an active meta-chip that could realize low insertion loss, high modulation depth, and on-chip THz modulation. The diodes are controlled by the bias voltage to change the switching characteristics. Then, the resonant frequency is controlled to realize the amplitude modulation of THz (terahertz) waves. The simulation results indicate that the modulator can achieve an insertion loss of 2dB and a maximum modulation depth of 97.1 %.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129599970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afsaneh Gharouni, P. Rost, Andreas Mäder, H. Schotten
{"title":"Relevance-Based Wireless Resource Allocation for a Machine Learning-Based Centralized Control System","authors":"Afsaneh Gharouni, P. Rost, Andreas Mäder, H. Schotten","doi":"10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569302","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) grows to be an inseparable part of future networks and an enabler for internet of things use-cases. Input components of machine learning units (MLU) have different levels of relevancy for determining accurate output. Assuming that attributes of each MLU are transmitted from multiple terminals, we revisit the resource allocation problem for a ML-based centralized control system, considering relevancy in order to provide best effort MLU outcome as key performance indicator. To achieve this goal, we propose a heuristic greedy resource allocation algorithm in combination with lookup tables of various payload requirements. These tables are generated by a Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD)-based approach for each MLU. The KLD assigns number of quantization bits for input attributes of each terminal considering their relevancy.The proposed resource allocation is applied to a network of inverted pendulums on carts with MLUs as controllers. Simulation results demonstrate significant gains in MLU performance and efficiency in resource utilization when employing the proposed technique comparing with two benchmarks: the greedy maximum sum rate (GMSR) algorithm allocating resources once with equal payload requirements, and once KLD lookup table.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127432119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Amidzadeh, H. Al-Tous, G. Caire, O. Tirkkonen
{"title":"Orthogonal Multipoint Multicast Caching in OFDM Cellular Networks with ICI and IBI","authors":"Mohsen Amidzadeh, H. Al-Tous, G. Caire, O. Tirkkonen","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569544","url":null,"abstract":"We consider optimal cache placement and delivery for Orthogonal Multipoint Multicasting (OMPMC) cellular systems. In OMPMC, all Base Stations (BSs) that cache a file transmit identical signals in a dedicated frequency resource. The simultaneous transmissions create artificial multipath propagation, which creates Inter-Block Interference (IBI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems where the Cyclic Prefix (CP) is shorter than the maximum propagation delay. The placement of files at BS caches is based on a probabilistic model. A file request is in outage if the average signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio associated with a request is less than a threshold. We formulate the cache policy and bandwidth allocation as a joint optimization problem aiming to minimize the total outage probability, and considering the effect of IBI and ICI. Despite that the outage probability does not have a closed form expression, we are able to devise an algorithm to find the optimal solution based on predictor-corrector approach. Simulations results are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm to find the optimum cache policy. Simulation results show that the effect of ICI/IBI has to be considered in designing OMPMC caching policy.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131068657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawei Yin, Xiaojing Zhang, Xichao Shu, Guiying Yan, Guanghui Wang
{"title":"Search for Good Irregular Low-Density Parity-Check Codes Via Graph Spectrum","authors":"Dawei Yin, Xiaojing Zhang, Xichao Shu, Guiying Yan, Guanghui Wang","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569696","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the expander code shows that for a regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, the Tanner graph’s spectrum determines its properties, such as the minimum distance and the size of stopping sets. In this study, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the performance of irregular LDPC codes is related to the graph spectrum. Our observations may provide an efficient metric to search for good irregular LDPC codes.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126969599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large System Analysis of the Maximum Ratio Transmission Precoding Under Imperfect Channel State Information With Hardware Impairments","authors":"Yasser Naguib Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569397","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems rely on highly accurate channel state information (CSI). Given this critical dependence, we present a general downlink model with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding, applied in a realistic cellular system with multiple antenna base station (BS). We take into consideration the aggregate effect of the limited training power, the aged CSI due to user equipment (UE) mobility, and the hardware impairments all contributing to the CSI imperfection at the BS and the UE sides. We provide a tight lower bound on the achievable sum-rate assuming the BS is using MRT precoding to serve multiple single-antenna users. The asymptotic sum-rate as the number of BS antennas becomes very large is studied, and the detrimental impacts of hardware impairment and channel aging are shown.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127622163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Power Amplifier Effects on a Full Duplex Spatial Modulation System","authors":"Yanni Zhou, F. Hutu, G. Villemaud, T. Riihonen","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569720","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a full duplex (FD) system using spatial modulation (SM) technique for simultaneous transmission. Despite the recent studies on the combination of these two techniques, nonlinear effects of devices have been ignored. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, the nonlinear power amplifier (PA) effects on a full duplex spatial modulation (FDSM) system. A digital canceller is adopted to deal with the strong self-interference (SI) in presence of PA nonlinearities. The results are verifying that the considered canceller can suppress SI close to the thermal noise level and has high reliability to ensure the performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128796284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Precoding Design Based on Dual-Layer Deep-Unfolding Neural Network","authors":"Guangyi Zhang, Xiao Fu, Qiyu Hu, Yunlong Cai, Guanding Yu","doi":"10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569633","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-layer iterative algorithms are generally required when solving resource allocation problems in wireless communication systems. Specifically, the spectrum efficiency maximization problem for hybrid precoding architecture is hard to solve by the single-layer iterative algorithm. The dual-layer penalty dual decomposition (PDD) algorithm has been proposed to address the problem. Although the PDD algorithm achieves significant performance, it requires high computational complexity, which hinders its practical applications in real-time systems. To address this issue, we first propose a novel framework for deep-unfolding, where a dual-layer deep-unfolding neural network (DLDUNN) is formulated. We then apply the proposed frame-work to solve the spectrum efficiency maximization problem for hybrid precoding architecture. An efficient DLDUNN is designed based on unfolding the iterative PDD algorithm into a layer-wise structure. We also introduce some trainable parameters in place of the high-complexity operations. Simulation results show that the DLDUNN presents the performance of the PDD algorithm with remarkably reduced complexity.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125391314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikko Säily, Osman N. C. Yilmaz, D. Michalopoulos, E. Pérez, Ryan Keating, J. Schaepperle
{"title":"Positioning Technology Trends and Solutions Toward 6G","authors":"Mikko Säily, Osman N. C. Yilmaz, D. Michalopoulos, E. Pérez, Ryan Keating, J. Schaepperle","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569341","url":null,"abstract":"In the 4G era, cellular positioning was used for emergency services and services associated to lawful interception. In 5G, commercial use cases have gained momentum and use cases like factory automation, transportation, and logistics are included in 5G besides the regulatory use cases. Toward 6G, it is anticipated that positioning and location services will be fundamental part of the system demanded by most commercial applications, such as AR/VR/XR, gaming, sensing, low-cost tracking and new industrial applications with extremely high accuracy. As a result, positioning accuracy and latency requirements are anticipated to tighten further from 5G. Thus, positioning and location services needs to be designed as an integral part of 5G evolution to address these requirements in a scalable and efficient manner both for devices and networks. This paper discusses the technical trends and enablers to realize this vision towards 6G, such as latency and accuracy enhancements, and low-cost positioning.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126215861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Sensing and Communication in 6G: the Deterministic Channel Models for THz Imaging","authors":"Xianjing Li, Jia He, Ziming Yu, Guangjian Wang, Peiying Zhu","doi":"10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc50174.2021.9569384","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the channel modeling for integrated sensing and communication for 6G systems are studied. The channel modeling approaches, requirements, and challenges for communication cases and sensing cases are summarized and discussed. In particular, a 3-D metallic test chart is designed as a reference for studying electromagnetic imaging quality. The deterministic channel modeling approaches, i.e., geometrical optics method, physical optics method, and integral equation method, are introduced to simulate the imaging channel of the designed 3-D test chart. And the electromagnetic inverse scattering method is adopted as an imaging tool. The test is experimentally measured by 140 GHz signal with horn antennas in a chamber. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is applied to assess the imaging quality numerically, and the simulated and measured images are compared, which suggests that the imaging by integral equation is in agreement very well with that of measurement for 3-D test chart, and the geometric optics and physical optics methods can only show the characteristics of 2-D optical imaging.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121102531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burak Kizilkaya, B. Chang, Shuja Ansari, Y. Sambo, Guodong Zhao, M. Imran
{"title":"Age of Control Process for Real-Time Wireless Control","authors":"Burak Kizilkaya, B. Chang, Shuja Ansari, Y. Sambo, Guodong Zhao, M. Imran","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569528","url":null,"abstract":"In real-time wireless control systems, the freshness of information is crucial since performance highly depends on timely exchange of information between the plant and the controller. In this study, the age metric, Age of Control Process (AoCP), is proposed for real-time wireless control systems which is different from traditional Age of Information (AoI). The First Generate First Serve (FGFS) M/M/1/1 → M/M/1/1 tandem queue model is considered to present a closed form expression for computation of AoCP and testbed environment is employed for the analysis of AoCP measure. Our experiment results show that FGFS M/M/1/1 → M/M/1/1 queuing model is suitable to represent real-time control systems. In addition, the proposed definition provides closer results to the experiment results when compared with the traditional AoI definition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that conducts information freshness measurements on real-time control testbed.","PeriodicalId":283606,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121189105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}