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Geonomics, Energetics and the K-Paradox 地理学，能量学和k悖论
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-10-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2673687
Stephen I. Ternyik
{"title":"Geonomics, Energetics and the K-Paradox","authors":"Stephen I. Ternyik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2673687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2673687","url":null,"abstract":"Geonomics is introduced as an economic tool to better understand the cyclical and dynamic motion (paradox) of progress and poverty, i.e. crises of the human social economy that seem to accompany techno-logical innovation like 'natural laws'. Some reform steps for future remedies are discussed in-depth, pointing to an efficient balance of monetary tools, energetic principles and eco-logical limits. Rent-seeking (and under-cover interest-seeking) is identified as the systemic root cause of dynamic efficiency loss.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Racial Inequality Trap 种族不平等陷阱
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-09-11 DOI: 10.20955/WP.2015.034
A. Badel
{"title":"A Racial Inequality Trap","authors":"A. Badel","doi":"10.20955/WP.2015.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/WP.2015.034","url":null,"abstract":"Why has the U.S. black/white earnings gap remained around 40 percent for nearly 40 years? This paper''s answer consists of a model of skill accumulation and neighborhood formation featuring a trap: Initial racial inequality and racial preferences induce racial segregation and asymmetric skill accumulation choices that perpetuate racial inequality. Calibrated to match the U.S. distribution of race, house prices and earnings across neighborhoods, the model produces one-half of the observed racial earnings gap. Moving the economy from the trap to a racially integrated steady state implies a 15.6 percent welfare gain for black households and a 2.7 percent loss for white households.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124434868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Estabilidade Da Desigualdade No Brasil Entre 2006 E 2012: Resultados Adicionais (The Stability of Income Inequality in Brazil between 2006 and 2012: Additional Results) 2006年至2012年巴西不平等的稳定性:附加结果(2006年至2012年巴西收入不平等的稳定性:附加结果)
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2641033
M. Medeiros, P. Souza
{"title":"A Estabilidade Da Desigualdade No Brasil Entre 2006 E 2012: Resultados Adicionais (The Stability of Income Inequality in Brazil between 2006 and 2012: Additional Results)","authors":"M. Medeiros, P. Souza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2641033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2641033","url":null,"abstract":"Potuguese Abstract: Avalia-se em que medida a tendencia da desigualdade na distribuicao de rendimentos totais entre os adultos no Brasil de 2006 a 2012 e afetada pelas medidas de desigualdade utilizadas, fontes de dados, definicao de estratos e variaveis de ordenamento nas tabulacoes dos dados tributarios, subestimacao da base e metodologia de correcao da subestimacao do topo nas pesquisas amostrais. Conclui-se que a hipotese de estabilidade da desigualdade no Brasil encontra respaldo em evidencias empiricas. Diferentes dados e metodos levam resultados convergentes: nivel mais alto que medido nas pesquisas domiciliares, estabilidade e grande importância dos ricos para explicar o comportamento da desigualdade entre 2006 e 2012.English Abstract: We examine how inequality measures, data sources, income brackets, ranking variables of tabulated tax data, underestimation of incomes in the bottom of the distribution and the methodology used to correct inequality affects the trends of inequality in total income among adults in Brasil between 2006 and 2012. The existing evidence corroborates the hypothesis that inequaliy has remained stable. Different data and methods lead to converging results: level higher than that measured using household surveys, stability and large importance of the rich to explain inequality trends between 2006 and 2012.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123061238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Wealth Concentration, Income Distribution, and Alternatives for the USA 美国的财富集中、收入分配和选择
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2667880
L. Taylor, Ozlem Omer, Armon Rezai
{"title":"Wealth Concentration, Income Distribution, and Alternatives for the USA","authors":"L. Taylor, Ozlem Omer, Armon Rezai","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2667880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2667880","url":null,"abstract":"US household wealth concentration is not likely to decline in response to fiscal interventions alone. Creation of an independent public wealth fund could lead to greater equality. Similarly, once-off tax/transfer packages or wage increases will not reduce income inequality significantly; on-going wage increases in excess of productivity growth would be needed. These results come from the accounting in a simulation model based on national income and financial data. The theory behind the model borrows from ideas that originated in Cambridge UK (especially from Luigi Pasinetti and Richard Goodwin).","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121501741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Inequality When Effort Matters 努力重要时的不平等
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/w21394
M. Ravallion
{"title":"Inequality When Effort Matters","authors":"M. Ravallion","doi":"10.3386/w21394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w21394","url":null,"abstract":"It is sometimes argued that poorer people choose to work less, implying less welfare inequality than suggested by observed incomes. Social policies have also acknowledged that efforts differ, and that people respond to incentives. Prevailing measures of inequality (in outcomes or opportunities) do not, however, measure incomes consistently with personal choices of effort. The direction of bias is unclear given the heterogeneity in efforts and preferences. Data on the labor supplies of single American adults suggest that adjusting for effort imposing common preferences attenuates inequality, although the effect is small. Allowing for preference heterogeneity consistently with behavior suggests higher inequality.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117286439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Inequality of Opportunities of Educational Achievement in Turkey Over Time 土耳其长期以来教育成就机会的不平等
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-04-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2598161
A. Tansel
{"title":"Inequality of Opportunities of Educational Achievement in Turkey Over Time","authors":"A. Tansel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2598161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2598161","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates inequality of opportunity in educational achievements in Turkey over time. For this purpose we use test scores of PISA in mathematics, science and reading achievement of 15-year-olds over the period 2003-2012. Since the different waves of the samples cover only a fraction of the cohorts of 15-year olds we take into account the inequality of opportunity in access to the PISA test as well as the inequality of opportunity of the academic achievement in the PISA test. This procedure enables proper over time comparisons. We estimate the effect of circumstances children are born into on their academic achievement as evidenced in their PISA test scores. The main findings are as follows. First, confirming the previous studies we find that inequality of opportunity is a large part of the inequality of educational achievement in Turkey. Second, the inequality of opportunity in educational achievement shows a slightly decreasing trend over time in Turkey. Third, the inequality of opportunity figures based on the mathematics, science and reading achievements exhibited the similar trend over time. Forth, the family background variables are the most important determinants of the inequality in educational achievement which is a consistent pattern over time. However, there is also evidence of slight weakening of these factors over time. Policies are necessary to improve equality of opportunity in education in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124885883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Scale vs. Translation Invariant Measures of Inequality of Opportunity When the Outcome is Binary 当结果是二元的时候，衡量机会不平等的尺度与平移
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-03-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2226822
Florian Chávez-Juárez, I. Soloaga
{"title":"Scale vs. Translation Invariant Measures of Inequality of Opportunity When the Outcome is Binary","authors":"Florian Chávez-Juárez, I. Soloaga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2226822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2226822","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the measurement of ex-ante inequality of opportunity when the outcome is binary. We argue that the use of scale but not translation invariant inequality measures such as the dissimilarity index are problematic, since they rely too much on the average level of access. We propose rst a decomposition of these measures in a level and a dispersion eect and second an adapted index satisfying translation invariance. In two short illustrations we show that the conclusions dier substantially between the two methods and","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116665949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Evidence on Globalisation 全球化的证据
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/twec.12174
N. Potrafke
{"title":"The Evidence on Globalisation","authors":"N. Potrafke","doi":"10.1111/twec.12174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12174","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:id=\"twec12174-abs-0001\"> Globalisation is blamed for many socioeconomic shortcomings. I discuss the consequences of globalisation by surveying the empirical globalisation literature. My focus is on the KOF indices of globalisation that have been used in more than 100 studies. Early studies using the KOF index reported correlations between globalisation and several outcome variables. Studies published more recently identify causal effects. The evidence shows that globalisation has spurred economic growth, promoted gender equality and improved human rights. Moreover, globalisation did not erode welfare state activities, did not have any significant effect on labour market interaction and hardly influenced market deregulation. It increased, however, within-country income inequality. The consequences of globalisation thus turn out to be overall much more favourable than often conjectured in the public discourse.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123469219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 313
Rising Inequality, Demand, and Growth in the US Economy 美国经济中的不平等、需求和增长加剧
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-02-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2570506
Barry Z. Cynamon, Steven M. Fazzari
{"title":"Rising Inequality, Demand, and Growth in the US Economy","authors":"Barry Z. Cynamon, Steven M. Fazzari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2570506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2570506","url":null,"abstract":"We use consumption and balance sheet data disaggregated between the top 5% and the bottom 95% of US households by income to show that the bottom 95% went deeply into debt to mitigate the impact of their stagnant incomes on their consumption. We use micro data to calibrate an intrinsic Keynesian growth model and show that over a range of plausible parameter values, the rise in US household income inequality increased enough between the early 1980s and 2000s to cause the entire magnitude of the Great Recession and can explain the slow and prolonged recovery.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131654624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Socio-Economic Groups, Individual and Social Mobilities: An Axiomatic Framework and the Chinese Society 社会经济群体、个人和社会流动:一个公理框架与中国社会
ERN: Equity Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2567905
L. Liu, Baoyun Qiao, Xiaoyu Wu, Yongsheng Xu
{"title":"Socio-Economic Groups, Individual and Social Mobilities: An Axiomatic Framework and the Chinese Society","authors":"L. Liu, Baoyun Qiao, Xiaoyu Wu, Yongsheng Xu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2567905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2567905","url":null,"abstract":"A society is composed of different socio-economic groups. At a given time, individuals in the society can be classified into different such groups. With the change of time, individuals can move across different groups. Social mobility is viewed as an aggregation of such individual movements across different socio-economic groups. We develop a simple analytic framework to discuss the issue of social mobility, and derive a class of measures for social mobility. A prominent member of this class is the Bartholomew measure that has often been used in applied work. Finally, we apply our framework and the results to the Chinese society by investigating its social mobility for the period between 1989 and 2011.","PeriodicalId":282303,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Equity","volume":"263 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131623253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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