Composite Structures最新文献

{"title":"Microstructural evolution and high-temperature tribological properties of in situ-synthesized TiC/TiBx-reinforced Ti-6Al-4V functionally graded coatings by laser directed energy deposition","authors":"Wenlong Wang, Kai Zhang, Weijun Liu, Yuehong Zhang, Hao Yi, Wenchao Xi, Huiru Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the limited high-temperature wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the cracking susceptibility associated with conventional homogeneous ceramic-reinforced coatings. A functionally graded material (FGM) strategy was employed to achieve the synergistic enhancement of strength, toughness, and crack resistance, while elucidating its influence on microstructural evolution and high-temperature tribological behavior. A functionally graded composite coating with progressively increasing B<sub>4</sub>C content (0 wt% → 2 wt% → 4 wt%) was successfully fabricated on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate via laser directed energy deposition (L-DED). The coating exhibits a dense and defect-free microstructure with strong metallurgical bonding, as confirmed by the absence of obvious cracks and porosity. With increasing B<sub>4</sub>C content, in situ synthesized TiC, TiB, and TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramic phases are generated within the coating. These reinforcing phases are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix, promoting grain refinement, enhancing interfacial bonding strength, and resulting in a gradual increase in microhardness along the coating thickness. Microstructural analysis reveals that the morphology and distribution of the reinforcing phases are governed by the coupling effect of in situ reactions and solidification kinetics. Specifically, TiC exhibits an equiaxed morphology, TiB presents whisker-like or prismatic structures, and TiB<sub>2</sub> mainly displays a plate-like morphology. These phases influence grain orientation and texture evolution through heterogeneous nucleation and interfacial pinning effects. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirm a well-defined and continuous compositional gradient across the coating thickness, thereby validating the effectiveness of the designed functionally graded architecture. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results reveal an increased fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and a transition toward more randomized grain orientations. Meanwhile, the kernel average misorientation (KAM) and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) densities decrease, indicating the effective relaxation of lattice distortion. The reduced Schmid factor further suggests enhanced resistance to dislocation slip. High-temperature tribological tests conducted at 700 ℃ demonstrate a transition from the running-in stage to steady-state wear, while the dominant wear mechanism evolves from adhesive and abrasive wear to oxidation-controlled wear. Under moderate loads (40–60 N), a stable oxide film forms on the worn surface, effectively reducing friction and wear. However, under a higher load of 80 N, fracture and spallation of the oxide film induce severe third-body abrasion, resulting in deteriorated wear resistance. Overall, the FGM design effectively mitigates thermal mismatch and stress concentration, enabling a smooth transition in microstructure and mechanical properties. This effectively suppre","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 120546"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting coaxial cylinder model and its application to stress analysis for fiber reinforced composites","authors":"Xu Kong,&nbsp;Yumin Wang,&nbsp;Rui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coaxial cylinder models are widely employed to characterize stress fields in unidirectional fiber reinforced composites, particularly for analytical evaluation of thermal residual stresses arising from mismatches in coefficients of thermal expansion. In contrast to traditional efforts that employ the coaxial cylinder model to composites with uniformly distributed fibers, the present work highlights the inhomogeneity of stress distribution in the coaxial cylinder model by revealing the recurrence relation among different layers. The results indicate that, although the strains in a given phase remain identical across layers, the corresponding stresses differ among layers in coaxial cylinder models and stress reversal may develop in the innermost layer with increasing number of layers. Moreover, the presence or absence of a composite cladding layer leads to different axial stress states, even when the axial strain remains unchanged. This distinctive distribution of thermal residual stress, in which identical residual strains correspond to different stress levels, can provide practical implications for evaluating failure criteria of brittle fibers and optimizing composite design through fiber arrangement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 120580"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy absorption behavior of 3D-printed thin silicone rubber sandwich structures","authors":"Changlin Li,&nbsp;Zhicheng Ding,&nbsp;Haidong Yin,&nbsp;Le Chen,&nbsp;Minghao Chen,&nbsp;Chengzhen Geng,&nbsp;Fengmei Yu,&nbsp;Ai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the demand for lightweight, thin cushioning materials in confined spaces, a silicone rubber ink suitable for direct ink writing (DIW) was developed to fabricate millimeter‑scale foam sandwich structures with simple cubic (SC) and face‑centered tetragonal (FCT) cores. Their mechanical responses under quasi‑static compression and dynamic impact were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the two topological configurations exhibit distinct response characteristics. Under quasi‑static compression, the SC structure exhibits higher compressive stress, energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA) due to its more continuous Z‑axis load‑transfer paths. Frequency‑sweep and rate‑dependent compression tests reveal clear frequency dependence and strain‑rate sensitivity of the silicone rubber matrix. Combined with finite element analysis, it is inferred that the more concentrated local deformation regions in the SC structure more readily engage the rate‑dependent response of the material, consistent with its experimentally observed higher energy absorption. In contrast, the staggered stacking configuration of the FCT structure enables distributed load transfer, resulting in lower peak impact force and longer impact duration under dynamic impact. These findings highlight the critical role of topology in governing load transfer and dynamic response, providing a reference for designing lightweight, customizable protective cushioning structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 120550"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148525964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of the strain gradient effect on compressive failure using discrete ply model","authors":"Tobias Bianchi,&nbsp;Romain Rutar,&nbsp;Joël Serra,&nbsp;Christophe Bouvet,&nbsp;Léon Ratsifandrihana","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite compressive failure is a critical and complex failure mode that requires further investigation. While several micromechanical models have examined microscopic effects such as initial fibre misalignment or fibre waviness, few studies have focused on modelling the structural effect known as the strain gradient effect. This study aims at developing a numerical simulation using the Discrete Ply Model (DPM) to investigate the influence of the strain gradient effect on compressive failure. The numerical model reproduces experimental studies from previous work carried out using a pin-ended buckling rig. It successfully captures the strain gradient effect on compressive failure, thereby providing a deeper insight into the different failure scenarios observed in various stacking sequences, including cross-ply and quasi-isotropic specimens. This, in turn, allows a more informed assessment of the structural contribution to compressive failure in the presence of a strain gradient and indicates that the effect is not appreciably influenced by the plies adjacent to the 0° ply, which is consistent with prior experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 120560"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic assessment of an FRP pedestrian bridge using FEM and operational modal analysis","authors":"Eleni Toumpanaki,&nbsp;Andre Jesus,&nbsp;Andy Cross,&nbsp;Ahmad Kamara,&nbsp;Raffaele De Risi","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) pedestrian bridges offer high durability due to their corrosion resistance, but limited design confidence restricts wider adoption. While their low weight provides advantages over traditional bridges, it also increases susceptibility to wind- and footfall-induced vibrations. This paper presents a dynamic assessment of a curved FRP modular pedestrian bridge designed by Network Rail using finite element modelling (FEM), accelerometer- and fibre-optic-based modal identification, and vibration serviceability verification under human excitation. FEM predictions incorporating explicit modelling of connection stiffness showed an average error of approximately 14 % compared with operational modal analysis, whereas neglecting connectivity increased errors up to 33 %. This demonstrates the critical role of realistic connection modelling in accurately predicting the dynamic behaviour of modular FRP bridges. Modal identification using accelerometer data showed good agreement for the first mode, with an 8 % difference, while strain-based fibre-optic measurements captured the second and third modes with an average agreement of 15 %. A methodology for decoupling vibrational modes in curved bridge geometries in the two principal horizontal directions was achieved by cross-correlating power spectral densities of rotated acceleration components. Damping ratios obtained from accelerometer data were mode- and direction-dependent ranging from 0.28 % to 1.72 %. The findings support improved dynamic modelling and serviceability assessment of curved, modular FRP pedestrian bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 120558"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of interfacial bond strength in coir fiber-reinforced coral concrete: A multi-scale experimental and theoretical study","authors":"Zheng Chen,&nbsp;Guoxin Zhao,&nbsp;Techchhay Chea,&nbsp;Jingli Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of locally available coral sand and renewable biomass byproducts offers a sustainable pathway for marine construction, yet the interfacial mechanics of such composite systems remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigates the interfacial structural behavior of coir fiber (CF)-reinforced coral sand cementitious composites modified with sugarcane bagasse ash (BA). Single-fiber pull-out tests evaluated the complex effects of CF spatial configurations (embedment length, orientation, and quantity) alongside matrix modifications. Experimental results demonstrated that while increased embedment length improved load-carrying capacity, fiber inclination severely degraded bond strength, exhibiting a 68.92% reduction at a 60° angle due to local stress concentrations. Furthermore, multi-fiber systems exhibited a distinct group reduction effect. Critically, optimally coupling 15% BA with a 1:2.0 binder-to-sand ratio yielded an 85.14% synergistic improvement in bond strength. Microstructural characterizations (QXRD, MIP, and SEM) revealed this enhancement stems from a chemo-physical synergistic anchoring mechanism: BA’s pozzolanic reactions reduced porosity by 23.8% and increased amorphous phases by 6.6%, driving deep physical interlocking. Theoretically, a full-range progressive debonding constitutive model and a spatial-compositional coupled predictive model were established, providing a robust analytical foundation for the multiscale structural design of sustainable marine composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 120547"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on lightning damage and protection of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites: A review","authors":"Xiangyu Tian,&nbsp;Jitao Hu,&nbsp;Wang Zhang,&nbsp;Libin Yang,&nbsp;Jinru Sun,&nbsp;Zhengdong Wang,&nbsp;Jinkai Wang,&nbsp;Xueling Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing application of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in the aerospace and other industrial sectors has necessitated the investigation of lightning-induced damage and development of effective protection strategies. This paper reviews the evolution of lightning-induced damage in CFRP composites, covering experimental methods, multi-physics simulation models, and the anisotropic conductivity, gas expansion, and arc behaviour. Surface damage is the most prominent damage mode in conventional CFRP composites, whereas internal delamination and gas ejection constitute the predominant damage mechanisms in CFRP composites with fasteners. These structural characteristics influence lightning phenomena, resulting in distinct protection priorities. Metallic and non-metallic strategies for lightning strike protection (LSP) include the use of surface metallic meshes or coatings, non-metallic conductive films, and hybrid metal/non-metal coatings and internal interlaminar or matrix-based approaches. The design conflict between improving electrical conductivity and maintaining inter-facial bond strength and mechanical performance have been focused. Finally, current challenges and future research directions for lightning damage analysis and LSP design for CFRP structures are outlined, focusing on realistic aerospace configurations, multi-stroke lightning conditions, and repairable protection structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 120599"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148557784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface performance test and molecular dynamics simulation of modified rice husk fiber toughened cement-based grouting material","authors":"Jianjun Zhang,&nbsp;Yongkang Zhang,&nbsp;Chuang Sun,&nbsp;Zhuyun Xiong,&nbsp;Jian Han","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the compatibility of rice husk fibers (RHF) with cement and enhance the mechanical properties and toughness of grouts, RHF were acid-base pretreated and modified with silane coupling agent KH-550, yielding KH-550/RHF. The fibers were incorporated at 0 ∼ 6‰ into a cement-fly ash grout. The mechanism was investigated via mechanical tests, microscopic characterization, single-fiber pull-out tests, and molecular dynamics simulations. Results show an optimal content of 3‰, at which compressive strength, flexural strength, and flexural toughness peak. XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses indicate that KH-550 improves the fiber surface and refines the interface. Single-fiber pull-out tests reveal that the average bond strength, friction bond strength, and chemical debonding energy of the KH-550/RHF-matrix interface are all higher than those of the unmodified interface. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that KH-550 bridges RHF and C-S-H through stable hydrogen and ionic bonds; pull-out simulations further show a 205.8% increase in maximum debonding force and a 35.86% increase in interfacial interaction energy for C-S-H/KH-550/RHF compared with C-S-H/RHF, confirming enhanced bonding stability. KH-550 thus strengthens RHF-cement bonding via interfacial bridging and intensified chemical interactions, which provides a reference for the interface design and performance optimization of modified plant fiber reinforced cement-based grouting materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 120536"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal cycling on degradation and damage initiation in Ti/C-epoxy composite structural adhesive joints for aeroengine applications","authors":"Marco Gigliotti,&nbsp;Eric Lainé,&nbsp;Salvador Orenes Balaciart,&nbsp;Daniele Fanteria,&nbsp;Yoan Bousses,&nbsp;Matteo Minervino,&nbsp;Camilla Lazzini","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of thermal cycling on damage initiation mechanisms in Ti/C-epoxy structural adhesive joints for aeroengine applications. While previous studies have mainly focused on ultimate failure, the early stages of damage initiation in thermally aged metal–composite joints remain insufficiently understood. Three-point bending tests were performed on virgin and thermally aged specimens, combining Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring and X-ray μ-computed tomography (μ-CT) to detect and characterise the onset and evolution of damage during mechanical loading. A complementary finite element model, restricted to the linear elastic regime, was used on virgin specimens to estimate the stress state at damage initiation. The results show that thermal cycling significantly modifies the damage scenario. Virgin specimens exhibit microscopic damage followed by abrupt propagation within the composite, whereas aged specimens show progressive growth of pre-existing defects and failure in the adhesive region. For one sample set, compared with the corresponding virgin specimens, aged samples exhibit a 55 % reduction in initiation load, a 31 % decrease in maximum load, and a 65 % reduction in residual displacement. These findings provide new insight into the effect of thermal cycling on damage initiation and have direct implications for the durability assessment and design of bonded metal–composite structures in aeroengine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 120523"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue induced electrical property evolution and lightning strike damage mechanisms in CFRP structures","authors":"Hanyang Wu,&nbsp;Jingjing Tong,&nbsp;Chushi Xie,&nbsp;Xiangyu Tian,&nbsp;Wenjun Xu,&nbsp;Yongjie Jia,&nbsp;Jinru Sun,&nbsp;Xueling Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120557","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been widely applied in modern aerospace structures due to their high specific strength and lightweight advantages. Long term service fatigue alters CFRPs’ electrical properties and exacerbates lightning induced damage. This study aims to investigate the evolution of electrical properties and lightning strike damage mechanisms of CFRP laminates under tension–tension fatigue loading. The coupling relationship between fatigue induced microstructural degradation, electrical conductivity variation, and lightning damage development was revealed. Firstly, tension–tension fatigue tests were performed on T300/epoxy CFRP laminates with a typical aerospace layup. The fatigue SN curve was established to characterize the fatigue life under different stress amplitudes. Secondly, the DC body and surface resistivity of CFRP specimens at different fatigue cycles were quantitatively measured using the two electrode method. The effects of applied voltage and fatigue damage accumulation on the static electrical conductivity were analyzed. Thirdly, nondestructive low amplitude (≤1 kA) lightning current injection tests were conducted on specimens with four typical fatigue damage ratios (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6). The dynamic resistance characteristics, including inductive response and hysteresis behavior, were examined under varying current peaks. Finally, destructive lightning Component A impulse tests with peak currents of 10 kA, 30 kA, and 50 kA were carried out. Ultrasonic C scan and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) were utilized to observe the damage morphology. The lightning damage area for different fatigue states was quantitatively determined. The results demonstrate that both DC through thickness and in plane resistivities decrease with increasing applied voltage and fatigue cycles. The waveform also shows distinct semiconductor like threshold voltage and saturation voltage features, which gradually weaken and even disappear as fatigue damage accumulates. Under low amplitude lightning current, CFRP shows obvious inductive characteristics in both in plane and through thickness directions. The dynamic resistance presents a significant noncoincident hysteresis phenomenon between the current rising and falling stages. The hysteresis loop area decreases first and then increases with the increase of fatigue cycles. Lightning strike test results reveal that the lightning damage area increases monotonically with the lightning current amplitude. Notably, as the fatigue damage ratio increases, the lightning damage area exhibits a nonmonotonic trend of first decreasing and then increasing. This phenomenon is closely related to the dual effect of fatigue damage on the internal conductive network of CFRP. This research systematically clarifies the static and dynamic electrical property evolution and lightning strike damage mechanisms of CFRP throughout the fatigue life cycle. It provides important theoretical ","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 120557"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148525972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}