Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces最新文献

{"title":"Three-dimensional printed ionic conductive hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties for wearable strain sensors","authors":"Xin Zheng ,&nbsp;Lanlan Dong ,&nbsp;Houfeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Patiguli Aihemaiti ,&nbsp;Wurikaixi Aiyiti ,&nbsp;Cijun Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible sensors have garnered significant research interest as essential components of wearable devices. However, achieving flexible sensors with superior mechanical properties, high sensing performance, and a broad strain range remains challenging. In this study, an ion-conducting N-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl) acrylamide/carboxymethyl chitosan/methyl cellulose hydrogel was analyzed, and its process parameters were optimized to enable high-fidelity hydrogel printing. Furthermore, a dual-ion synergistic enhancement strategy was proposed, wherein Fe³⁺ and Li⁺ were introduced via solution immersion to tailor a “stiff-tough-ductile” balanced network, significantly enhancing the mechanical properties of the hydrogel network. Experimental results showed that the dual-ion-treated hydrogels exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, with a modulus of elasticity of up to 266 kPa, toughness reaching 1245 kJ/m³, elongation at break of up to 437 %, and remarkable resistance to swelling. Additionally, the three-dimensional-printed reticulated hydrogel exhibited high sensitivity, a strain factor of 2.57, a broad detection range (0–300 %), and excellent fatigue durability over 100 cycles at 60 % strain. Integrating hydrogels into flexible sensors enables the high-precision detection of both subtle and large-scale human body movements, thereby advancing the application of conductive hydrogels in wearable electronics and offering new insights for the design and development of flexible sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis strategies of carbon nanospheres and their biomedical applications","authors":"Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Longgang Wang ,&nbsp;Ruyu Li ,&nbsp;Haiyan Xiao ,&nbsp;Yanshuai Cui ,&nbsp;Xihong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanospheres (CNSs), featuring unique nanostructures and remarkable physicochemical properties, offer significant advantages such as high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable surface chemistry. They have generated extensive research interest in various fields, and great progress has been made in recent years. This review summarizes the main synthesis and design strategies for the preparation and functionalization of carbon nanospheres. These strategies include the controllable synthesis of carbon nanospheres with different structures and morphologies, surface modification with nanomaterials, functional groups, polymers, and functional molecules, as well as heteroatom doping with nitrogen and multi-heteroatoms. Then, the applications of carbon nanospheres in the biological field are reviewed, mainly focusing on bioimaging, drug delivery and therapy. Finally, some prospects for the future research and development of CNSs are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114911"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopamine-mediated Immobilization of Antimicrobial Peptides on Stainless Steel for Marine Antifouling Applications","authors":"Yanbin Xiong ,&nbsp;Junnan Cui ,&nbsp;Tong Lou ,&nbsp;Pan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofouling due to marine microorganism adhesion poses significant challenges for marine vessels, necessitating innovative antifouling solutions. This study aimed to investigate the antifouling performance of an antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) immobilized on dopamine-modified stainless steel (SS) surfaces, as a novel approach for antifouling applications. Herein, dopamine was utilized to form a modification layer on SS, subsequently immersed in AMPs solution to create SS-DA-A samples. The surface characteristics were characterized through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), contact angle measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Antimicrobial properties were assessed using plate counting, measuring bacterial adhesion, and optical density value, while algal resistance was determined through SEM and CLSM methods, specifically assessing the coverage by algae. The results demonstrated the successful modification of the SS surface, characterized by FTIR peaks corresponding to AMPs, and a significant reduction in contact angle with the introduction of dopamine. Notably, the SS-DA-A surface exhibited enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against <em>Vibrio natriegens</em> (<em>V. natriegens</em>), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>), with a marked reduction in biofilm formation, and <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> and <em>P. tricornutum</em> coverage decreased by approximately 96.46 % and 91.61 %, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation results reveal that antimicrobial peptides interact with the bacterial phospholipid bilayer, disrupting bacterial integrity and thus achieving surface antimicrobial activity. This study effectively demonstrates that dopamine facilitates the successful immobilization of AMPs on SS surfaces, leading to significantly improved antibacterial, anti-algal, and biofilm resistance properties, and offers a promising new strategy for antifouling technology in marine settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal delivery of temozolomide and disulfiram in situ gel combined with copper for enhanced glioblastoma therapy","authors":"Ying Qu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhao ,&nbsp;Long Ma ,&nbsp;Xue Wang ,&nbsp;Feifei Sun ,&nbsp;Yizhe Li ,&nbsp;Yihua Wu ,&nbsp;Guozhi Zhao ,&nbsp;Shijia Liu ,&nbsp;Wenqing Ma ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Zhongxi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combination therapies show promise for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, however, insufficient drug accumulation in the brain and significant toxic side effects continue to pose critical challenges to therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report an intranasal ion-sensitive hydrogel (IHG) platform for efficient co-delivery of TMZ and disulfiram (DSF) to GBM via the nose-to-brain pathway. The optimized IHG formulation demonstrates superior gelation properties, sustained drug release, and enhanced brain accumulation, achieving remarkable drug targeting efficiency (468.9 %) and direct transport percentage (80.3 %). Within the tumor microenvironment, in situ-generated TMZ and the chelation product of DSF and copper ions (CuET) synergistically induce DNA damage and apoptosis, thereby enhancing tumor cell sensitivity to TMZ. Furthermore, tdIHG+Cu induces robust immunogenic cell death, stimulates CXCL10 release, mediates dendritic cell maturation, and promotes CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, thereby establishing a potent antitumor immune response. This approach not only demonstrates superior therapeutic efficy against GBM progression through enhanced intracranial drug accumulation and optimized drug ratios, but also minimizes systemic toxicity via localized delivery. Our findings offer a potentially clinical translatable strategy worth further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colloidal processing as a successful alternative to produce PLA/Mg composites with tailored mechanical and biodegradation properties","authors":"A. Ferrández-Montero ,&nbsp;M. Lieblich ,&nbsp;A.J. Sanchez-Herencia ,&nbsp;R. Detsch ,&nbsp;A.R. Boccaccini ,&nbsp;B. Ferrari","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The PLA/Mg composite has been proposed as a promising new biodegradable biomaterial with interesting properties for use in a number of biomedical applications. However, its processing is still highly problematic mainly due to its high reactivity and biodegradability. Recently the benefit of a new processing route based on a colloidal approach has been proposed based on the particle surface modification with different polyelectrolytes. Colloidal route improves the mechanical and biodegradation properties as a consequence of the creation of a strong polymer-metal interface and an increase of the particle dispersion. In this paper, we demonstrated these benefits compared with the most widespread mixing technique, the thermal extrusion. Firstly, PLA/Mg composite was evaluated in terms of its thermal behavior to determine the processing parameters required. After processing, the colloidal composite presents a covalent bond between the metallic particle and thepolymer when produced by the process of reactive extrusion, as determined by FTIR-ATR. This results in an improvement of the dispersion and the mechanical properties, reaching a maximum compressive strength of 130 MPa and an elastic modulus of 2150 MPa with 25 vol.% Mg particle loading. The colloidal processing also interferes in the biodegradation properties of PLA/Mg, decreasing the H₂ release by 35 %, increasing the degradation time, and producing materials that degrade more homogeneously. Furthermore, the colloidal composite was found to be cytocompatible as the tests carried out with the ST2 bone marrow stromal cell line showed no negative effects. The cells exhibited a three-dimensional spreading morphology on the materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-entropy nanozyme biosensors: Machine learning-assisted design and stimulus-responsive applications","authors":"Wei-Guang Xiong ,&nbsp;Miao-Miao Song ,&nbsp;Da-Gui Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Ai-Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy nanozymes (HENs) have emerged as a revolutionary class of bio-inspired catalysts that integrate multi-enzyme mimetic activities with environmental responsiveness, creating transformative opportunities for next-generation biosensing technologies. This review systematically examines recent breakthroughs in the rational design of programmable catalytic systems and stimulus-responsive HENs architectures. We critically analyze innovative synthetic strategies, including cation-exchange templating, microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis, and laser ablation techniques, which enable precise control over compositional complexity and surface topological features. Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the synergistic mechanisms of multi-metallic coordination and defect engineering that enhance catalytic efficiency in biological microenvironments. Advanced applications are discussed in the context of ultra-sensitive detection of critical biomarkers such as dopamine and alkaline phosphatase, demonstrating their potential for point-of-care diagnostic implementations. While addressing current challenges in biocompatibility optimization and standardized manufacturing protocols, we propose novel solutions incorporating surface functionalization paradigms and machine learning-driven design optimization. Looking forward, the strategic integration of HENs with artificial intelligence-enhanced biosensing platforms and multimodal detection systems is envisioned to pioneer new frontiers in precision medicine and intelligent diagnostic paradigms, potentially revolutionizing disease surveillance and personalized healthcare solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114897"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pickering emulsion-derived polymer microspheres: Protective carriers for anthocyanins with tunable release and colorimetric sensing","authors":"Mirela Honciuc,&nbsp;Andrei Honciuc,&nbsp;Ana-Maria Solonaru","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural compounds, such as anthocyanins, have received little attention as viable components in polymer composites, but they could enable the next generation of environmentally “aware” materials. Anthocyanins can change colors in different environmental conditions, but are prone to quick degradation. The aim of this work is to encapsulate anthocyanin into the polymer microspheres, generated from Pickering emulsions, to enhance their stability against degradation while preserving their antioxidant potential. Further, we aim at producing useful environmentally responsive materials, based on natural compounds for practical applications, such as colorimetric sensors. Upon encapsulation, anthocyanin is mainly found as flavylium cation, resulting in fluorescent microspheres. The encapsulation efficiency and release behavior were assessed. The microspheres can be loaded with up to 0.24 mg × g⁻¹ anthocyanin. Anthocyanin can be released from microspheres, depending on the solution composition and environmental triggers up to 23 % of their fully loaded capacity. We evaluate the antioxidant activity of the encapsulated anthocyanins and demonstrate that this is retained to more than 90 % post-encapsulation. The microspheres loaded with anthocyanin change color function of solution pH. We also prototype a biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol-based composite with anthocyanin encapsulated polymer microspheres and demonstrate its potential as a colorimetric sensor for hydrochloric acid and ammonia gases. Thus, we demonstrate that polymer microspheres are effective carriers for anthocyanins, providing protection against degradation while exhibiting responsiveness to environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart liposomal systems for brain cancer: Technological innovations in drug delivery","authors":"Aruba Zuberi ,&nbsp;Urushi Rehman ,&nbsp;Garima Gupta ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ghazwani ,&nbsp;Umme Hani ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain cancer, particularly glioblastoma remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, largely due to its aggressive nature and the presence of the restrictive blood–brain barrier (BBB). Despite advances in conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, patient outcomes remain poor. This review explores the emerging role of liposomes as nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in brain cancer therapy. Liposomes, capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, offer multiple advantages, including enhanced drug stability, reduced systemic toxicity, and improved BBB penetration. Recent innovations in liposomal design, such as PEGylation and ligand-based targeting using transferrin or folic acid, have enabled more precise delivery to glioma cells. These advancements significantly increase therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the development of stimuli-responsive liposomes that release drugs in response to tumor-specific triggers like acidic pH or oxidative stress has shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes. While preclinical and clinical studies underscore the potential of liposomal systems, challenges such as large-scale manufacturing, immune system clearance, and long-term stability persist. This review highlights key advances in liposome-based drug delivery for brain cancer, emphasizing clinical progress and identifying critical areas for future research. Addressing these challenges may pave the way for liposomal platforms to significantly advance precision oncology in neuro-oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamethasone prodrug cyclodextrin aggregates effectively alleviate experimental autoimmune uveitis","authors":"Xue Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Hu ,&nbsp;Hongzhuo Liu ,&nbsp;Yizhou Sun ,&nbsp;Guangqi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noninfectious uveitis (NIU) remains a significant cause of vision impairment, typically managed with glucocorticoids. However, current glucocorticoid implants present considerable side effects, including elevated intraocular pressure and cataracts. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized a novel prodrug, dexamethasone gallate (DG), which possesses the powerful anti-inflammatory ability of dexamethasone (DEX) and exhibits strong antioxidant activity of gallic acid (GA) that helps protect ocular tissues against oxidative stress. DG was formulated into cyclodextrin microparticle suspension eye drops, designed to progressively disintegrate and penetrate ocular tissues effectively. In experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) models, DG suspension eye drops demonstrated comparable therapeutic efficacy to conventional DEX eye drops at reduced dosages, significantly reducing anterior and posterior ocular inflammation. Notably, DG formulations substantially minimized intraocular pressure elevation and glucocorticoid-related adverse effects. These findings support the potential of DG suspension eye drops as a safer, efficient, and patient-friendly therapeutic alternative for treating NIU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114889"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIR-triggered temperature-sensitive polydopamine nanosystem with rapid phase transition for on-demand release to enhance antibacterial and antibiofilm performance","authors":"Mingyuan Wu,&nbsp;Mengru Liu,&nbsp;Guipeng Feng,&nbsp;Ruoling Jia,&nbsp;Rongxiang Chen,&nbsp;Yawen Li,&nbsp;Guoyi Yan,&nbsp;Zhen-Jiang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antibiotic abuse and bacterial biofilm barriers pose a formidable challenge to global public health. To address this issue, we developed a near-infrared (NIR)-triggered temperature-sensitive polydopamine nanosystem (PDA@Ag@Cur@PCM) by integrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and curcumin (Cur) with the phase change material 1-tetradecanol. The system achieved NIR-triggered on-demand drug release and synergistic photothermal-chemo antibacterial, significantly enhancing antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy. Under NIR, the outstanding photothermal conversion capability of PACP induces the phase transition of 1-tetradecanol, facilitating precise release of Cur and Ag⁺. The PACP nanosystem can not only effectively suppress bacterial quorum sensing (QS) but also ensure Ag⁺ mediated antibacterial activity. Moreover, mild photothermal therapy (PTT) achieved potent antibacterial effects while maintaining excellent tissue biocompatibility, thereby minimized systemic toxicity. In vitro studies demonstrated that the nanoplatform efficiently disrupts mature biofilms, significantly reduces ATP levels and total carbohydrate content, while achieving remarkable antibacterial effects against <em>S. aureus</em> (98.3 %) and <em>E. coli</em> (97.2 %). By integrating low-temperature phototherapy with controlled Cur and Ag⁺ release, the PACP nanosystem represents a safe and highly effective antibiotic-free alternative, offering a promising solution for combating infections in the post-antibiotic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}