{"title":"Oral History of Migration from China to Kazakhstan during the period of “Cultural Revolution” (1966–1976)","authors":"Kаmalov А.K.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/91-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/91-99","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the last stage of interstate migration from China to Kazakhstan in 1950–1970, that is, the period of the so-called “great cultural revolution”, which began in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1966 and lasted ten years. Migration of this period from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of the PRC to Soviet Kazakhstan was not mass-scale and took the form of groups of young Kazakhs and Uighurs who crossed the Kazakh section of the Soviet-Chinese state border. They were persecuted by the Chinese authorities as “counter-revolutionaries” and “revisionists.” The events related to the escape of some groups of young people to Kazakhstan in the early years of the “cultural revolution” are reconstructed in the article based on oral histories recorded during the implementation of the research project “Oral history of migration in 1950–1970s from China to Kazakhstan”, as well as archival materials and memoir literature. The study of oral histories and other sources revealed specific features of the migration of that time: it affected a limited number of politically active youth from among the local Turkic peoples of the XUAR and represented the spontaneous escape of young people in extreme political conditions, namely, in the conditions of a political struggle for power between different groups of the Communist Party of China (CCP), mass political repression and persecutions. The last group of refugees arrived in Kazakhstan on the eve of 1970, after which the “iron curtain” in Soviet-Chinese relations finally closed.","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125441445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peasant uprisings of 1929–1932 in Kazakhstan and Kazakhs’ migration (in the memory of the people)","authors":"Kudaybergenova A.I.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/134-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/134-144","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with one of the topical issues of the history of the XXth century — the history of migration-refugees of the Kazakhs in the 1930s in Kazakhstan.Confiscation of the property of large bays, kulaks, semifeudal lords (middle peasants and sharua peasants), forced collectivization, forced sedentarization, grain and meat procurement, punitive implementation of the Law «On Three Spikelets» — all these political campaigns led to forced migrations of the population from their homes: at first, migration of bays and representatives of all social strata in whole auls; further, subsequently, the suppression of the Sharua uprising — the flight of their participants and leaders to neighboring territories, as well as refugee as a method of survival of the Kazakhs during the famine, which engulfed the population of all regions of the republic.The article, based on oral materials collected by the author during the expedition of researchers from of the Ch.Ch. Valikahnov Institute of History and Ethnology over Kazakhstan in 1998, as well as declassified archival materials, reveals in detail the issue of one of the forms the people’s protest against the political campaigns of the Soviet government — the Sharua uprisings, accompanied by migration of population.The history of the peasant uprisings that engulfed the Kyzylorda region in 1929–1930 is supplemented by the author with oral information revealed during a personal conversation between the author of the article and a participant in the uprising, the sarbaz of Akmurza Ishan — Shamshat Alibayuly, as well as other informants. As a result of the analysis of memoirs and archival documents, the author expresses his opinion about the cause and nature of the Sharua uprisings","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"4 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123726120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The history of collective peasant farmers in 1945–1953: realities and problems","authors":"Abdrakhmanova K.K.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/7-15","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the problems of collective peasant farmers in the post-war decade in modern national historiography has become one of the relevant aspects. Agriculture was the main source of replenishment of material and human sources. Thus agriculture occupied a special place in the Soviet economy, but the state did not pay due attention at all. The authorities showed “concern” about improving rural life, but in reality, they drove the village (aul) under the pressure of various high taxes and fees. Unfortunately, the agrarian policy of the postwar period was far from reality and had an exclusively political orientation. The rural population was actively involved by the party and political leadership of the country in the implementation of essentially unprepared large-scale economic measures. As a result, it faced a lot of problems that are covered in this article.","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121411797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Byuzheyeva B.Some aspects of military relations between Turkey and Russia at the beginning of the XXI century","authors":"Alipbayev A., Byuzheyeva B., Balaubayeva B.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/42-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/42-50","url":null,"abstract":"Today the Republic of Turkey and the Russian Federation have become influential actors in international relations in Eurasia and the Middle East. Over the past decade, both Turkey and Russia have achieved relative political stability and economic prosperity, which has increased the degree of interdependence between the two countries compared to the 90th year. At the same time, when Russia was experiencing difficulties in the transition to market relations, Turkey faced a number of economic and political crises. However, the growing economic strength not only contributed to the strengthening of bilateral ties, but also strengthened the desire of both countries to play an active role in the international arena. In this regard, the article examines in detail the significance and consequences of the increase in the level of relations between Turkey and Russia in the military-political sphere in recent years. The article does not ignore the political position of some leading states in relation to the relations of the two countries in the military sphere, the views of NATO on the actions of Turkey, of which it is a member","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124384329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kotyrtas burial ground, a new monument of the Bronze Age of Central Kazakhstan","authors":"Kukushkin I.A., Dmitriyev Ye.A.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/112-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/112-121","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological research of a group of monuments located in the valley of the Taldy River (Shetsky district of the Karaganda region) that were conducted in the 2nd decade of the XXI century provided important infor-mation about the chronology and transcultural interaction of the early Alakul population of the Bronze Age of the region. This article proposes to consider the results of work on three structures of the Alakul cultural tradition. The main necrofield-forming position was occupied by structure 1, which was an earth mound with a diameter of 15.5 m, which had a ring fence on the floors of the embankment. During the excavations, it was found that in addition to the central burial, there were numerous children’s burials located along its perimeter, as well as in the mound. In the southwestern part of the excavation, the poorly preserved remains of two horses were unearthed, one of which was initially represented by an anatomically intact skeleton, directed to the south with its vertebrae and the muzzle, and the second one, according to the principle of pars pro toto, with a pair of limbs. A bone psalium was found on the shoulder blade of the animal. The placement of the remains of horses on a burial ground is a characteristic feature of the high-status burial places of the Alakul society, emphasizing the belonging of the deceased to a group of chariot warriors. Summing up, the early Alakul affiliation of the burials of the burial ground Kotyrtas is emphasized by the characteristic cheek-piece, the burial of a horse, ribbed pot-shaped vessels, and a large central burial. Regarding the time of existence of Central Kazakhstan monuments of this type, it seems possible to draw parallels with similarly dated complexes of the region, the age of which is determined within the 19th–17th centuries BC","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129642913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhumatay S., T. A., Кabyltayeva S.K., Mukanova G.K.
{"title":"Election campaigns in the 1st and 2nd State Dumas as a reflection of the social activity of the peoples of the Steppe Territory: problems and significance","authors":"Zhumatay S., T. A., Кabyltayeva S.K., Mukanova G.K.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/68-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/68-73","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the elections to the 1st and 2nd State Duma and the election campaigns showed the interest of the population of the Steppe Territory in democratic changes. This led to the fact that even with curtailed voting rights and obstacles posed by the administration, the majority elected to the 1st and 2nd Dumas persons who enjoyed authority among the population and advocated transformations in the socio-political system of tsarist Russia. The article describes the election campaigns, which were indicators of the social activity of the inhabitants of the Steppe region. The authors show that during the elections to the 1st and 2nd State Dumas, the progressive Kazakh democratic intelligentsia, which called for the use of the Duma to protect the rights of nomads, intensified its activities.","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129096455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relations of the Kazakhs and Russian Empire in the first half of the 18th century in the inventories of fund 248 “The Senate and its institutions” RGADA","authors":"Lapin N.S., Akanov K.G.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/145-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/145-151","url":null,"abstract":"The inventory 3 of fund 248 “The Senate and its institutions” of Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), containing data on regions bordering Kazakh lands is analyzed. The inventory consists of 150 books, each includes from one to several dozen. Totally, above 170 cases with data on history of Kazakh Russian relations in modern times were studied. The research results showed relevance and diversity of archival documents of 248 RGADA fund, its source potential on history of relationships of Kazakhs and Russian Empire in the first half of the 18th century. Analysis of the headings of inventory cases made possible to determine a specific range of issues on history of bilateral relations based on available archival data. Four groups have been singled out taking into their subject specifics. The first group is related to Orenburg and its administrative and political entities: expedition, commission, line of fortifications. The documents of the second group contained data on military-political contacts of Kazakh khans and foremen with representatives of Russian administration. The third contains materials on Kazakh-Russian relations in trade sphere. In fourth, cases are concentrated on relations of Kazakhs with other nomadic peoples, whose contacts were in sphere Russian Empire interests","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125742265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban issues in Kazakhstan and foreign historiography (historiographical overview)","authors":"Sultangazy G., Mukataeva L.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/215-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/215-221","url":null,"abstract":"Modern Kazakh historiography is in the paradigm of mastering the results of foreign urban history. The article presents a historiographical review of urban issues. The study of the city as a complex organism has become one of the most relevant areas recently. Since the middle of the twentieth century, American and European historical urban studies have considered the city in its entirety, the interaction of the city and citizens, as an environment and subjects that create urban space. To date, Kazakh historiography is represented by separate studies on the history of the city, in the context of local lore, the history of urban architecture. There are few works considering the population of Kazakhstan and the city as a single complex organism in permanent interaction and mutual influence, focusing on the history of everyday life. The historical and genetic methods allow us to consider the problems in its development and identify patterns. The application of the historical-comparative method reveals differences in the development of Kazakh historiography. A comprehensive study of the urban environment in the historical context allows us to understand the nature of the changes in which society and the state were, as well as the motives and aspirations of social groups. As a result, it is identified that there are common patterns in Soviet and Kazakh historiography, as the city and society, being objects of research, were not considered in close connection and mutual influence. The indicated problems have not received proper attention from the researchers of both the Soviet and modern periods","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131743419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The architecture of the Early Iron Age funerary barrows in Central Kazakhstan","authors":"Khabdulina M.K., Bonora G.L., Bilyalova G.D.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/222-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/222-232","url":null,"abstract":"A complex community of the early Iron Age in Eurasia is represented by the Tasmola archaeological culture, which was mainly spread in Central Kazakhstan. In the last decades, new research directions have appeared which are mainly related to the analysis of massive burial mounds. These latter, preserving the human remains and the material culture associated to the Tasmola high class and nobility, share features with several cult and commemorative structures spread across the Eurasian steppe. Their architecture and building layout provide different evidences about their modeling and the reconstruction of ancient ceremonies and activities, as well a better understanding of the past material and spiritual culture. The study of massive barrows is today carried out with new methods and approaches, which are aimed at reconstructing the whole funerary construction: unexpected details show a very complex structure and open new perspectives both in the architec ture knowledge of the ancient Eurasian tribes, as well as in identifying some features of the Saka funerary mythology. A detailed and careful study allows to determine substantial evidence of ritual practices in the structure of large funerary monuments. The purpose of the article is to provide a characterization of the building structure of large funerary barrows and, on the basis of diverse construction features, to present some worldview and cosmological ideas of the Tasmola community. The article then provides a brief description of the main characteristics of the Tasmola archaeological culture, and outlines the main historiographic information on the reconstruction of ethno-geography, namely the ethnic names, of the early Iron Age population in Central Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of the burial architecture of large mounds located along the Ishim River, in the Nur-Sultan region, it is proposed here a reconstruction of some worldview ideas and mythology of the ancient Saka tribes.","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123379949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concepts of historical memory and the politics of memory in the context of social and historical-humanitarian studies (historiographic analysis)","authors":"Nurbayev Zh.Y., Kiyubek Zh.Zh.","doi":"10.31489/2022hph3/152-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/152-162","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a historiographic review of historical memory and, based on this, examines the meaning and features of the process of rethinking national histories. The relevance of the presented work lies in the fact that today there is a “memorial boom”, which leads to a critical analysis of the past, a revision of the main plots of the history of the state and society. Since gaining independence, the post-Soviet countries have been embraced by the search for national identity. In this search, an important role was played by the reevaluation of one’s own history; based on new methodological approaches, the colonial experience, postcolonial transformations are being investigated. Thus, this paper aims to analyze a wide range of theoretical and historiographic material, the works of the founders of the concept of memory, fundamental works of researchers, from whom new directions came, such as the “politics of memory” or “trauma of memory”, etc. The authors of this article consider the theoretical foundations of memory, which have become significant in such sciences as sociology, history, philosophy, political science, etc. The study uses historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systemic methods, as well as methods of retrospective and prospective analysis. The historiographic review of foreign and domestic authors helped to consider and analyze such concepts as historical memory and historical politics. In the works of French, German, American researchers, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the category of memory were studied. Russian and Kazakh historiography are represented by modern research, which is aimed at studying the processes associated with mythologizing, politicizing these processes, commemorative practices, local and regional aspects","PeriodicalId":279276,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130240307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}