Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects最新文献

{"title":"Cellulose nanocrystals as nanocarriers for improved stability and digestion-resistant release of curcumin","authors":"Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuhan Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Lai ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangji Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted fast increasing interests in the pharmaceutical and food (nano)formulations, due to their inherent sustainability and unique characteristics, but the highly hydrophilic nature greatly limits their applications. Here, we investigated the potential of CNCs to perform as (nano)carriers for curcumin (Cur), an important hydrophobic bioactive. To achieve this, two strategies were adopted: use of octenyl succinic anhydride specificly modifying CNCs (OSA-CNCs) and application of an emulsification-evaporation process. The loading amount (LA) and yield of Cur in the soluble Cur-CNC complexes, as well as their particle characteristics (including particle size and morphology), were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that OSA-CNCs exhibited a superior loading amount (up to 7.5 g/100 g CNC) compared to unmodified CNC (1.36 g/100 g CNC). The greater LA in the OSA-CNCs case was mainly due to the formation of nanobundle-like complexes with Cur molecules as the binding cores. The Cur encapsulated in all the complexes was prominently present in the amorphous state, and exhibited an significantly improved stability. <em>In vitro</em> digestion experiments indicated that the encapsulated Cur molecules had a low bioaccessibility, but kept highly stable throughout the whole gastric and intestinal digestion. This research indicates that CNCs can be developed into a kind of effective carriers for improved water dispersibility, chemical stability and delayed release during GI digestion of hydrophobic bioactives. The findings would be of great interest for extending the utilization of CNCs in the pharmaceutical and food formulations, and the design of colon-targeted delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139809"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of phenol-quinone equilibrium in metal-phenolic network for initiating vinyl monomer polymerization","authors":"Hanzhi Tan,&nbsp;Shuai Lv,&nbsp;Fang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-phenolic network (MPN) represents a class of functional hybrid coordination materials formed through the assembly of metal ions and phenolic ligands, emerging as a novel and promising category of colloids with diverse functionalities. However, the formation mechanism and structural evolution of MPN remain insufficiently understood, limiting precise structural modulation and functional expansion. In this study, gallium-based MPN was synthesized via ultrasonication of bulk gallium in an aqueous dopamine (DA) suspension. A key novelty lies in our regulation of the phenol-quinone redox equilibrium transition within MPN through a tunable proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway with coexistence of Ga-NPs@PDA and external DA, which enables controlled generation of semiquinone radicals (DA•) alongside modulated MPN size growth and colloidal stability decay. This controlled equilibrium was leveraged to develop a one-pot synthesis strategy for functional hydrogel: MPN, Ga-NPs@PDA, and external DA precursors collectively induce vinyl monomer polymerization and crosslinking, yielding functional hydrogels with low hysteresis, tunable pore size, and excellent adhesion. This work establishes a methodology for controlling the phenol-quinone equilibrium, elucidates the mechanisms underlying MPN self-assembly and DA• formation, advances the development of functional MPN nanomaterials, and expands their application potential in functional polymer composites—particularly through the innovative one-pot hydrogel synthesis approach enabled by the newly discovered MPN structural evolution mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical tubular Fe,Co-MoS₂/Ag@NCMTs composites with synergistic design for enhanced catalytic performance","authors":"Xiaohong Xu ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengke Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Deng ,&nbsp;Xue-Bo Yin ,&nbsp;Qinghua Lu ,&nbsp;Xia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein a hierarchical tubular Fe,Co-MoS₂/Ag@NCMTs composite was engineered <em>via</em> a sacrificial-template strategy utilizing tubular polypyrrole (PPy) to fabricate nitrogen-doped carbon microtubes (NCMTs), which serve as supports for Fe, Co-doped MoS₂/Ag nanosheets (NSs). This unique architecture synergistically integrates the advantages of Fe, Co co-doped MoS₂ NSs, one-dimensional(1D) tubular geometry, and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) incorporation, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity, structural stability, and catalytic activity. The hierarchical design effectively mitigates the aggregation of MoS₂ NSs during the preparation processes, while the transition metals doping and Ag NPs facilitate efficient electron transfer and reaction kinetics. Consequently, the composite demonstrates exceptional catalytic efficiency in converting 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Furthermore, the Fe,Co-MoS₂@NCMTs composites exhibit universal <em>in-situ</em> loading capability for noble metal NPs (e.g., Au, Pd, Ru), enabling tailored functionalities for diverse catalytic applications. This scalable platform, combining hierarchical tubular architecture with synergistic component interactions, exemplifies a versatile and high-performance catalytic system with broad applicability in environmental remediation, organic synthesis, and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a novel phosphate ester flame retardant for endowing Lyocell fabrics with excellent flame-retardant and UV-resistant properties","authors":"Yun-Kai Xu,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Wan-Meng Song,&nbsp;Yan-Peng Ni,&nbsp;Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyocell fabrics are prized for their biodegradability, breathability, and excellent wearing comfort; however, their widespread application is limited by a significant drawback: inherent high flammability. To address this issue while extending their functional performance, a bio-based phosphate ester flame retardant (TP) was synthesized through the reaction of phosphorous acid with tannic acid—a natural polyphenol. The flame-retardant Lyocell fabric (<span>L</span>-TP) was then prepared via a straightforward pad-dry-cure finishing process. The Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope results confirmed the successful deposition of TP onto the Lyocell fiber surfaces without clogging the inter-fiber gaps. Thermal analysis indicated that TP effectively promoted char formation and improved the thermal stability of Lyocell fabrics in high-temperature regions. The modified fabric exhibited outstanding flame-retardant properties: the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 92.1 % and 78.9 %, respectively, while the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 45.7 %. Notably, <span>L</span>-TP also demonstrated excellent ultraviolet (UV) protection performance, achieving a UV protection factor (UPF) of 100. Moreover, the breaking strength retention rates in both warp and weft directions remained around 80 %, preserving practical usability. This work presents a promising approach to developing multifunctional Lyocell fabrics with integrated flame retardancy and UV protection, suitable for a wide range of apparel and home textile applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139865"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinoline quaternary ammonium salt – KSCN synergy for non-magnetic steel corrosion inhibition in 4 % HCl/HF environments: Film densification and molecular insights","authors":"Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Wei ,&nbsp;Bingbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Han ,&nbsp;Miao Pan ,&nbsp;Jun Hu ,&nbsp;Ruidong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a synergistic inhibitor system comprising QQAS and KSCN for non-magnetic steel in 4 % HCl/HF solutions. At 15 % QQAS and 1.4 % KSCN, the corrosion rate decreases from 1344.5 to 4.87 Ω·cm², achieving 99.64 % inhibition efficiency. Electrochemical analyses demonstrate that elevating KSCN concentration from 0.2 % to 1.4 % substantially enhances charge transfer resistance, indicating improved barrier properties. Surface profilometry and microscopy reveal transformation from severely pitted surfaces to shallow pits with reduced roughness, while characterization shows replacement of porous corrosion products by a compact film comprising organic species and Fe-Cr oxides. DFT calculations identify nitrogen sites as principal electron-donating centres, and MD simulations demonstrate that thiocyanate promotes dense inhibitor adsorption, increasing protective film thickness by over 40 %. Collectively, these findings confirm that the QQAS-KSCN system effectively suppresses both anodic dissolution and cathodic reactions, providing a practical strategy for protecting non-magnetic steels in aggressive acidizing environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic field-induced photothermal particle patterning and femtosecond laser ablation for fabricating excellent anti-icing superhydrophobic surfaces","authors":"Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Feipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoyi Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Rong ,&nbsp;Yaxing Wang ,&nbsp;Songyang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenhe Yu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces present a promising energy-saving solution for anti-/de-icing applications. However, the existing methods of incorporating photothermal particles in hydrophobic surfaces to impart photothermal functionality present a challenge in balancing the hydrophobicity and photothermal properties. Excessive photothermal particles often accumulate within the structure, resulting in the partial or complete masking of the superhydrophobic structure. This study proposed magnetically inducing the direct structuring of Fe₃O₄ photothermal particles into microcones to fabricate a photothermal surface, which achieved excellent photothermal efficiency while maintaining superhydrophobicity and durability. The surfaces were prepared via a facile two-step method combining magnetic field-induced thermal curing with femtosecond laser ablation to construct hierarchical nanostructures. As a result, the surface exhibits highly efficient photothermal performance, capable of melting an ice droplet within 30 s under near-infrared laser irradiation (1 W/cm²) at −15 ℃. Simultaneously, Femtosecond laser ablation of the structure-encapsulating PDMS layer imparts superior superhydrophobicity to the coating, with a contact angle of 160.2° and a sliding angle as low as 2.5°. Furthermore, the surface demonstrates robust durability, as verified by corrosion resistance, freeze-thaw cycling, and UV aging tests. This study offers a new perspective on utilizing photothermal particles to achieve superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139794"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally enhanced self-healing integral superhydrophobic concrete","authors":"Mingzhong Wei ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiandong Liang ,&nbsp;Jiale Ma ,&nbsp;Song Ding ,&nbsp;Yanni Chen ,&nbsp;Sirui Xu ,&nbsp;Wenxin Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyang Zhan ,&nbsp;Qi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superhydrophobic concrete demonstrates exceptional promise for self-cleaning and corrosion-resistant applications owing to its superior water repellency. Despite significant advances, superhydrophobic performance failure persists due to micro/nano structural damage and thermal degradation of low-surface-energy substances. Herein, we developed a self-healing integral superhydrophobic concrete (SISC). When exposed to a high-temperature environment, internal low-surface-energy substances within SISC decompose and form enriched spherical nanoparticles on the surface. This process not only preserves its superhydrophobicity but significantly enhances it, endowing the SISC with unprecedented repellency towards hot water and oil. Remarkably, even if SISC loses its superhydrophobicity due to the complete decomposition of its surface substances, SISC can still achieve autonomous recovery of its superhydrophobic function through reconfiguration and modification of low-surface-energy substances triggered by heating-induced decomposition and migration of internal components. Moreover, the integral superhydrophobicity of SISC fundamentally overcomes the intrinsic limitation of conventional coatings, which suffer from superhydrophobicity failure due to microstructural collapse caused by mechanical abrasion. This self-healing integrated superhydrophobic strategy establishes a new paradigm for fabricating durable and mechanically robust superhydrophobic concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonging the durability of viscosity reduction in waxy crude oils: The role of energy input and field strength in high-voltage electric treatment","authors":"Yiwei Xie ,&nbsp;Hongying Li ,&nbsp;Qibing Li ,&nbsp;Chaoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinling Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Su ,&nbsp;Jiabao Kang ,&nbsp;Zhaoming Yang ,&nbsp;Huai Su ,&nbsp;Zhongli Ji ,&nbsp;Jinjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-voltage electric treatment is an emerging technique to improve the cold flowability of waxy crudes. Although previous research has identified input energy density as the essential parameter governing viscosity reduction, its impact on the durability of this effect remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the effects of energy input and field strength on the duration of viscosity reduction in two waxy oils, using in-situ rheological and impedance measurements. Results reveal a three-stage evolution of viscosity reduction duration with increasing energy input. Before reaching the energy density threshold for maximum viscosity reduction, both the viscosity reduction and its duration increase linearly with input energy. Beyond this threshold, the viscosity reduction plateaus while its duration continues to increase, first moderately and then sharply. Impedance measurements show no change beyond the energy threshold, suggesting the enhanced durability does not result from increased adsorption of charged particles. According to the EDLVO theory, the applied energy drives charged particles to sequentially overcome the secondary and the primary energy barriers, adsorbing onto wax particle surfaces. This transition from shallow to stable adsorption enhances the durability of viscosity reduction. Furthermore, under the same energy input, higher field strength significantly prolongs the duration of viscosity reduction due to the stronger dielectrophoretic force, which imparts greater kinetic energy to charged particles, enabling them to overcome energy barriers more effectively. Overall, this study advances the understanding of the electrorheological effect in waxy oils and offers valuable insights for designing and optimizing industrial-scale electric treatment devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The preparation of the trihydrazinotriazine-based flexible covalent organic frameworks for fluorescence detecting 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and iodide ions","authors":"Qi Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrazone-linked COFs prepared from 2,4,6-trihydrazino-1,3,5-triazine (THTA) have a variety of active sites with analytes. However, there are no reports about them as fluorescent sensors. Herein, the THTA-based flexible COFs were synthesized by Shiff-base reaction of (THTA) with flexible knots, hexa(4-formyl-phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (NOP−6 −CHO) and 2,4,6-tris-(4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT−3 −CHO). HTHTA and TTHTA possess the large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-specific areas of 1512 and 1610 m² g⁻¹, certain crystallization and excellent thermal stability. HTHTA and TTHTA have good fluorescent performance in both dispersion and solid states, and can be used for fluorescence sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and iodide ions with high sensitivity and selectivity. This is the first application of hydrazone-linked flexible COFs for fluorescence sensing iodide ions. Fluorescence quenching constants (K_SV) of HTHTA and TTHTA are 1.86 × 10⁴ and 1.26 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ for TNP, 1.49 × 10⁴ and 1.25 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ for iodide ions, respectively. Fluorescence quenching effect of TNP on HTHTA and TTHTA is the result of photo-induced electron transfer process. Fluorescence quenching of the THTA-based flexible COFs by iodide ions is attributed to the heavy atom effect and inner filter effect (IFE). HTHTA and TTHTA can be used to detect iodide ions in wheat flour, and TNP in river sand with good recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ synergistic biomimetic construction of a ChOx@Fe-ZIF-8/SA nanoreactor for three-enzyme cascade acetylcholine detection","authors":"Xiang-Lei Chang ,&nbsp;Wen Peng ,&nbsp;Tharcisse Gatera ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Tian Chai ,&nbsp;Wei-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Jun-Li Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.139793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a pivotal neurotransmitter, monitoring acetylcholine (ACh) levels holds significant implications for neurological diseases research. However, the inherent instability of natural enzymes and insufficient synergistic efficiency within multi-enzyme cascade systems severely constrain their practical application. This study constructed the ChOx@Fe-ZIF-8/SA nanoreactor with triple-enzyme activity based on a synergistic strategy integrating simulated enzyme activity and enzyme immobilization. The modulator sodium alginate (SA) modified ZIF-8 to enhance the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-like activity while introducing peroxidase (POD)-like activity through Fe^3 + doping. Meanwhile, the ChOx@Fe-ZIF-8/SA nanoreactor was prepared in one step by the in-situ encapsulation method to immobilize choline oxidase (ChOx), streamlining the synthesis process. The nanoreactor demonstrated outstanding stability and reusability compared to natural enzymes. Furthermore, the nanoreactor achieved a detection limit of 1.52 <em>μ</em>M for ACh with excellent interference resistance. The nanoreactor has been applied to human serum samples, indicating its potential in complex biological samples. This work offered a novel approach for developing integrated bionic cascade systems for complex biosensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":278,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","volume":"737 ","pages":"Article 139793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}