UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Genetic Resemblances and Phylogenetic Relationship of Species Belonging to the Family Mastacembelidae (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes) from Indian Waters","authors":"Manabjyoti Barman, Bipul Phukan, Avinash Talukdar, Silpa S","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154261","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has been carried out to evaluate the genetic divergence among species of the family Mastacembelidae (common name: spiny eels) from India and to establish their phylogenetic relationship. Twenty reference sequences from NCBI GenBank database were obtained for five species viz. Macrognathus aral, Macrognathus aculeatus, Macrognathus guentheri, Macrognathus pancalus and Mastacembelus armatus, and used for the molecular analysis. The within species difference ranged between 0.32 to 1.12% except Mastacembelus armatus (9.00%). The lowest genetic distance was between Macrognatus guentheri and Macrognathus pancalus while the highest genetic distance was evident between Macrognathus aculeatus and Mastacembelus armatus. The findings of the present study may be used as baseline information on the molecular divergence of species belonging to the family Mastacembelidae from Indian water.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Escherichia coli O157 Isolated from Beef and Poultry Meat in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"Aya Mukhtar, Lina Ali, Hassan Elsiddig Hag Elsafi, Mohamed Elmutasim A. M. Elsheikh, Wafaa M. A. Abdulrahaman, Omeima Salih","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154262","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli O157 is a major food-borne pathogen transmitted by consuming contaminated food and water. This study was conducted between January and April 2021 on 400 samples of beef and poultry meat to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli O157 in Khartoum State, according to the methods of ISO 16654 and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The overall presence rate was found to be 1.7% (7/400). Two isolates were recovered from 200 beef meat samples (1%) and five isolates from 200 poultry meat samples (2.5%). All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but all were resistant to ampicillin (100%). Six isolates (85.7%) showed resistance to tetracycline, and five (71.4%) to gentamicin. Three isolates (42.8%) showed intermediate sensitivity to ceftazidime, and others (42.8%) were resistant to it. Six isolates (85.5%) showed multiple drug resistance (MDR). This study revealed the presence of resistant isolates in beef and poultry meat. To reduce the incidence of foodborne E. coli O157 species and antimicrobial resistance in Khartoum State, scientists and public health researchers need to know that E. coli O157 is present in beef and poultry meat in the region.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Marine Sample Collection Techniques for Xanthone Screening","authors":"Vishwakarma Ravindrakumar Krishnamurthy, B. Kirthiga","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154263","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the collection of marine samples and the subsequent screening of xanthone compounds from the marine fungi Aspergillus sydowii. Marine fungi, especially those from the genus Aspergillus, are known for producing a wide array of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential. The primary objective was to isolate and identify fungal strains capable of producing xanthones and evaluate their bioactive properties. Samples were collected from various marine environments, including coastal waters and deep-sea sediments, and preserved under sterile conditions. Fungal isolates were cultured, and xanthones were extracted and purified using chromatographic techniques. The purified compounds were identified using spectroscopic methods and tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The results revealed that the xanthones exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, as well as strong antioxidant properties. These findings highlight the potential of marine-derived xanthones for pharmaceutical applications, including the development of new antibiotics and antioxidant therapies. The study underscores the importance of marine fungi in the discovery of novel bioactive compounds and their potential applications in biotechnology and industry.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaweed Associated Macro Fauna across Seasons in the Rocky Shore Tide Pools of Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India","authors":"S. Bhave, Vaishali Somani, Goldin Quadros","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154265","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in the diversity and abundance of associated macro fauna of two commonly encountered seaweed species viz., Sargassum sp. and Amphiroa sp. were assessed seasonally. 100 grams wet weights per seaweed species in replicate were sampled from the rocky shore tide pools of Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, India in 2021. \u000014 groups of macro fauna were found in association with Sargassum sp. and 18 groups with Amphiroa sp. In Sargassum sp. the highest abundance (individuals/100 grams seaweed) was recorded during Post-monsoon (116.86 ±188.24 SD), Pre-monsoon (339.65 ±347.15 SD) and Monsoon (127.14 ±67.14 SD) by Amphipoda respectively; while in Amphiroa sp. during Post-monsoon Foraminifera (740.74 ±1047.57 SD), Pre-monsoon H. Copepoda (87.80 ±3.54 SD) and Monsoon Bivalvia (55.69 ±33.19 SD). Highest biomass (mg/100 grams seaweed) in Sargassum sp. during Post-monsoon (241.51 ±429.26 SD) and Monsoon (359.76 ±356.90 SD) by Gastropoda respectively, during Pre-monsoon Amphipoda (214.55 ±191.77 SD); while in Amphiroa sp. during Post-monsoon Polychaeta (752.50 ±680.09 SD), during Pre-monsoon Gastropoda (452.68 ±457.97 SD) and during Monsoon Bivalvia (662.85 ±221.60 SD). \u0000Diversity indices in both the seaweeds during Monsoon, showed high evenness and Shannon diversity; higher dominance is seen during Pre-monsoon in Sargassum sp. and during Post-monsoon in Amphiroa sp. \u0000ANOVA and Kriskal-Wallis test showed significant variance in the abundance of Turbellaria, Ophiuroidea, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Decapoda, Tanaidacea, Copepoda, Bivalvia, Cnidaria, and Eggs. Spearman’s correlation test showed significant correlations between the environmental parameters that are pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, turbidity, water and air temperature and tide pool depth with the macro faunal abundance of Copepoda, Turbellaria, Ophiuroidea, Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Decapoda. \u0000Majority of macro fauna stays in association with seaweeds, as it provides food and shelter to them. Since Sargassum sp. and Amphiroa sp. were significantly available, it was selected for sampling. Study reveals both the seaweeds supports diversity of macro fauna which vary seasonally.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Freshwater Mussels Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) in Pond Water Quality Maintenance","authors":"Rutuja Ramchandra Dhuri, Balkrishna.M. Gore","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154264","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater mussels are recognized as ecosystem engineers because they perform water filtration through filter feeding. This study aimed to quantify the changes that occurred in pond water after filtration by freshwater mussels Lamellidens marginalis. Specimens of L. marginalis were gathered from a small pond near Palghar in January. Mussels are hand-picked and stored in buckets of water. Twenty-five individuals of this species were used to assess the changes in various water parameters, including Biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, hardness, and pH. Before the estimation, the mussels were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for approximately 7 days to ensure they adapted to the pond water parameters before filtration evaluation. The water parameters were examined before filtration while acclimatization was occurring. After the acclimatization period, the mussels were housed in a fish tank with about 4 liters of pond water for 2 days. The water parameters were then examined again, which revealed a difference. The BOD was nearly half of its initial value, dropping from 2.4mg/l to 1.2mg/l, and the turbidity fell by 8 NTU. However, the hardness of the water was 16mg/l lower than the starting value, and the pH was dropped from 7.46 to 7.16. This suggests that mussels play a significant part in freshwater filtration to preserve good water quality.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Antimicrobial Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Potential of Ulva fasciata Delile Isolated from West Coast of Kanyakumari, India","authors":"T. B. Thomas, R. D. S. Jones, T. Citarasu","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154258","url":null,"abstract":"Six seaweed species, Bryopsis plumose (Hudson)C.Agardh, Caulerpa racemose (Forskall) J.Agardh, Ulva fasciata Delile, Sargassum longifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, Gracilaria corticate (J.Agardh) J. Agardh and Sargassum wightii Greville ex J. Agardh were collected at Kadiyapattinum Coast of Kanyakumari District. They were shade dried, powdered and extracted with 100% methanol and screened the phytochemicals by standard analytical protocols. Among the seaweeds, U. fasciata showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, tannins and terpenoids also found in rich of total protein and carbohydrate. Based on the initial screening U. fasciata was selected for further antimicrobial study and serially extracted with methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and hexane and screened antibacterial and antifungal activity. Among the selected solvents, methanol extract of U. fasciata showed high activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Aeromonas hydrophila. The methanol extracts effectively controlled the bacterial pathogens at the zone of inhibition of  8.11, 11.33, 13.87 and 17.76 mm against Bacillus sp., S. aureus, K. pneumonia and A. hydrophila respectively.  Antifungal screening result revealed that, very least activities, less than 3mm were observed against the fungal pathogens, Candida albicans, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus  flavus. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed the presence of alcohol, alkenes, aromatic, amine, phenyl, ether, methylene, primary amines, and aliphatic chloro compound in the methanolic extract of U. fasciata. In order to characterize the antimicrobial protein, crude extract was purified through sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and characterized the antimicrobial protein found to be 13 kDa. Further the methanolic extract of U. fasciata at different concentrations (100,200 & 400 mg/Kg) was incorporated the diets were fed to the ornamental gold fish Carassius auratus for 30 days and challenged with virulent A. hydrophila and studied the survival, specific bacterial load reduction. The highest concentrations of U. fasciata diets fed fishes had significantly (P<0.05) improved survival and reduced Aeromonas count in the blood. This study concluded that, U. fasciata extract improve survival and also helped to reduce the Aeromonas load at in vivo level which was useful to develop antibacterial diets in the fresh water aquaculture industry.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium Toxicity: Sources, Mechanisms and Human Health Implications: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"B. Purushottam, R. A. Reddy","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154260","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This comprehensive review thoroughly explores cadmium toxicity, covering its detection methods, sources, biological pathways, health risks, related challenges, and strategies for prevention and treatment. \u0000Methodology: literature analysis on the toxicological effects of Cadmium on human health by utilizing databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, which include reputable publications and peer-reviewed journals (2019-2024). Keywords such as \"Cadmium toxicity,\" \"Cadmium exposure,\" \"human health effects,\" and others were used to gather relevant studies. \u0000Results: Cadmium, a harmful metal, is a significant environmental pollutant that leads to oxidative stress, cell harm, hemolytic anemia, and disruption of neurotransmitters, causing severe health problems and organ damage, which can be fatal in severe cases. \u0000Discussion: Cadmium's adverse impacts on human health are substantial, resulting in renal dysfunction, bone demineralization, respiratory problems, and carcinogenesis. Children and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable demographics. Strategies include stringent legislation, public education, and effective treatment regimens. \u0000Conclusion: Cadmium poisoning offers a health risk, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, healthcare professionals, politicians, and public health advocates to detect, prevent, and treat contamination efficiently.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocardiographic Alterations of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs","authors":"Mukesh K. Srivastava, Anil Ahuja, R.D. Velhankar, Ashish Srivastav, Jitendra Tiwari, Barkha Sharma, Arpana Raikwar","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154259","url":null,"abstract":"The study encompassed 2497 dogs, identifying 29 cases of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Electrocardiographic (ECG) evaluations revealed significant differences in key parameters between DCM-affected and healthy dogs. Notably, dogs with DCM exhibited alterations in P wave amplitude and duration, QRS duration, and R wave amplitude, indicative of cardiac dysfunction. Proportional analysis further delineated distinct ECG abnormalities specific to left and bilateral DCM presentations. In left DCM, increased QRS and P wave duration, and elevated R wave amplitude were predominant, while bilateral DCM displayed similar anomalies alongside low voltage QRS and non-measurable P wave. Increased P wave duration was prevalent in both forms of DCM, with atrial fibrillation rendering P waves non-measurable in a notable proportion. Deep Q wave presence substantiated DCM diagnosis. Furthermore, dogs with left and bilateral DCM exhibited prolonged QRS duration, indicative of cardiac enlargement and global myocardial degeneration. Low voltage QRS complexes indicated potential pericardial effusion or ascites. However, PR and QT intervals did not significantly differentiate between healthy and DCM-affected canines. Rhythm disturbances were prevalent in DCM, with atrial fibrillation most common, followed by ventricular premature complexes, sinus arrhythmia, and other variants. Left bundle branch block and diverse degrees of AV block and electrical alternans were also detected. Proportional analysis delineated varied prevalence rates of rhythm abnormalities between left and bilateral DCM groups, reflecting nuanced pathological distinctions. This comprehensive investigation underscores the pivotal role of ECG assessments in diagnosing and monitoring DCM in canine populations, elucidating specific electrocardiographic aberrations associated with distinct DCM presentations.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":"121 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Fulton’s Condition Factor of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Reared in Ponds in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines During the Dry Season","authors":"Reyes, A.T.","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154257","url":null,"abstract":"This study has evaluated the condition factor of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) that were reared in grow-out ponds in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines during the 2018 dry season by using data of lengths and weights. The Fulton’s condition factor was computed by sex, life stage and physical health condition of the fish. From the 400 tilapia samples in 20 grow-out farms, 244 were males and 156 were females, 156 were juveniles and 244 were adults, and 251 were presumed healthy and 149 were presumed non-healthy. Juvenile tilapia (1.956±0.505) had a significantly lower condition factor compared to adults (2.232±0.498). Additionally, presumed healthy tilapia (2.235±0.536) had a significantly higher condition factor than presumed non-healthy (2.026±0.480). By farm level, the condition factor of male tilapia reared in farm 11 (2.792±0.765) was significantly higher as compared to farms 1 (2.043±0.333), 2 (1.997±0.255), 4 (2.049±0.326), 5 (1.994±0.144), 6 (2.084±0.225), 7 (1.782±0.526), 10 (2.098±0.308), 13 (1.716±0.425), 14 (1.804±0.289), 15 (1.960±0.531), 17 (2.028±0.352) and 20 (1.974±0.351). By female sex, statistical comparison of the condition factor of the 20 farms showed no significant difference. The condition factor values of juvenile tilapia in farms 3 (2.257±0.283), 11 (2.242±0.335) and 18 (2.250±0.914) were significantly higher as compared to farm 7 (1.271±0.703). By adult tilapia, the computed condition factor in farm 11 (2.976±0.791) was significantly higher compared to farms 1 (2.178±0.592), 2 (2.177±0.591), 5 (2.028±0.213), 7 (1.952±0.459), 8 (2.193±0.303), 10 (2.052±0.380), 15 (2.160±0.558) and 18 (2.094±0.189). The presumed healthy tilapia samples in the 20 farms had comparable values of condition factors; meanwhile, in the presumed non-healthy samples, the condition factor of farm 11 (2.455±0.819) was statistically higher compared to farm 13 (1.605±0.266). The probable factor that influenced the condition factors based on sex, life stage and physical health condition was water quality, specially dissolved oxygen, nitrite and phosphorus, since most of the 20 grow-out farms shared comparable cultural and management practices.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Molecular Taxonomy and Morphological Characteristics of Haematobia irritans exigua (de Meijere, 1903); A New Range Extension in the Bargur Hills of Erode District in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Yaswanthkumar. S, Ganapathi. P, Velusamy R, Venkitachalam. R","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154256","url":null,"abstract":"The flies of the genus Haematobia (Diptera:Muscidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. The morphological identification of these flies is often complicated due to their similarities. This was the first documentation of Haematobia irritans exigua in Tamil Nadu which affected free-ranging Bargur Cattle (Bos indicus) from Bargur Hills of Tamil Nadu. The aim of this research was to provide the details on the molecular characterization and molecular divergence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and 28S Ribosomal RNA of Haematobia irritans exigua and to compare them with the morphological features. The results of this study showed that the nucleotide composition of the COI gene of Haematobia irritans exigua had a higher AT (69.5%) and a lower GC (30.4%). The rate of transition was higher than that of transversion. The intra-specific distance based on COI gene analysis did not exceed 1.1%, while the inter-specific distance between different species ranged from 0.9% to 14.1%. A neighbor-joining tree and an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) tree were constructed using 1000 bootstrapped samples to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between different muscidae species based on the COI gene as an identification marker. The analysis of 28S Ribosomal RNA showed an intra-specific distance of 1.6% and an inter-specific distance ranging from 1.49% to 8.56%. The 28S rRNA revealed the presence of intra-specific variation among the species. Additionally, this study found notable color variations on the thorax of the flies in the same population, along with a minute phenotypical variation with minimum intraspecific distance among the flies in the same population. This taxonomic data of the hematophagous fly Haematobia irritans exigua would be well-intentioned for identification.","PeriodicalId":278386,"journal":{"name":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}