Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Green disposable rGO/MoS2 sensor for ceftriaxone detection in surface water","authors":"Mussab Uddin ,&nbsp;Wichayaporn Kamsong ,&nbsp;Chanpen Karuwan ,&nbsp;Aziz Amine ,&nbsp;Waleed Alahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the creation of an innovative, disposable, and economical electrochemical platform for the detection of the antibiotic ceftriaxone. A screen-printed electrode of reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide was used. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed for the measurements, resulting in a detection limit of 0.28 μmol L⁻¹. The sensor was effectively utilized to evaluate surface water samples obtained from three distinct ponds in Bangkok, attaining relative recovery rates ranging from 92.2 % to 112.6 % without any sample preparation. The sensor demonstrated remarkable selectivity for ceftriaxone, despite the presence of structurally analogous antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and cefalexin. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited good sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applicability for the detection of ceftriaxone in environmental water samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 144695"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fertilization potential and nutrient dynamics of organic fertilizers derived from sugarcane residues under techno-economic and environmental assessment","authors":"Thais G. Carpanez ,&nbsp;Livia M.C. Castro ,&nbsp;Bruna L. Moreira ,&nbsp;Julia B.L.S. Carneiro ,&nbsp;Eduarda V.S. Gomes ,&nbsp;Marcelo H. Otenio ,&nbsp;Jonathas B.G. Silva ,&nbsp;Julio C. Balarini ,&nbsp;Fernanda R.C. Damasceno ,&nbsp;Miriam C.S. Amaral ,&nbsp;Victor Rezende Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the nutrient dynamics and soil fertilization potential of organic fertilizers produced from sugarcane industry residues. Vinasse was treated through ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) to concentrate on macronutrients. The concentrates were then incorporated into filter cake during granulation, generating two types of fertilizers: (i) UF-based and (ii) RO-based formulations. Nutrient enrichment enabled a 2.9- to 11.8-fold reduction in application mass per hectare compared to raw residues. Although sodium was also concentrated, the sodium adsorption ratio remained below thresholds for wastewater reuse in agriculture (&lt;3 meq/L). Nutrient release kinetics revealed that nitrogen was the most readily available nutrient (k = 2.52–3.61 d⁻¹), with delayed release of potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. Column leaching tests further revealed greater retardation factors for granular fertilizers (R: 3.1–32.4) when compared with the liquid concentrates obtained from UF and RO processes, confirming reduced mobility and enhanced nutrient retention. The soil solution analyses confirmed nutrient accumulation in the upper layers (0–10 cm), indicating a low leaching risk and greater plant availability. Earthworm avoidance tests indicated no toxicity, even in RO-based fertilizers, while high filter cake doses alone trigger complete avoidance. In all scenarios analyzed, RO and UF-based fertilizers presented a lower potential for N₂O and CO₂ emission when compared to the commercial mineral fertilizers. Finally, economic analysis showed that the granular fertilizers are cost-competitive (fertilization costs: US$8.5–12.1/ha), especially when considering application logistics. Comparing the fertilizers, ROc-based demonstrated better nutritional performance with higher nutritional concentrations and immediate response to plant needs. UFc-based fertilizers, on the other hand, stood out for their high concentration of organic matter, with widespread use in soil improvement. Overall, the results demonstrate the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of converting agro-industrial residues into safe and effective fertilizers. Furthermore, the work stands out in identifying pathways toward a more resilient, safe, and low-environmental-impact agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 144708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current knowledge about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the atmosphere: Fate, analytical methods and research priorities","authors":"Hellen Gonçalves Vieira ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Canela ,&nbsp;Roberta Cerasi Urban ,&nbsp;Benigno Sanchez Cabrero","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly recognised as ubiquitous atmospheric contaminants. The atmosphere, in turn, is an important compartment for distributing these compounds throughout the environment, allowing human exposure through inhalation and/or dermal contact. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on PFAS, covering: (i) a compilation of information on emission sources – primary sources (production, manufacturing, use of AFFF, waste handling, marine spraying) and secondary sources (oxidative degradation of neutral PFAS); (ii) proposed classifications of the volatility of these substances based on vapor pressure by the U.S. Environmental Protection ECHA – European Chemicals Agency (2025); (iii) atmospheric processes that govern gas-particle partitioning, long-range transport, and deposition; (iv) an assessment of current and emerging sampling and analytical techniques, including OTM 45/50 methods; and (v) the identification of priority knowledge gaps. Among the main existing gaps, the validation of improved monitoring strategies and inhalation toxicity studies for neutral precursors could significantly contribute to a robust risk assessment and support regulatory efforts within the evolving global agenda for the phase-out of PFAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 144703"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly and energy efficient flowable surface modified carbon electrode materials in flow electrode capacitive deionization for heavy metal adsorption and energy recovery","authors":"T.M. Subrahmanya ,&nbsp;Ya-Ting Chung ,&nbsp;Smruthiranjan Nayak ,&nbsp;H.K. Makari ,&nbsp;Alvin R. Caparanga ,&nbsp;Chia-Hsiung Cheng ,&nbsp;Wei-Song Hung ,&nbsp;Chien-Chieh Hu ,&nbsp;Kueir-Rarn Lee ,&nbsp;Juin-Yih Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid growth of the world's population, the global demand for clean and safe water has become increasingly critical. Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technology for desalination due to its high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and operational convenience. However, its low desalination capacity, poor water wettability, and discontinuous desalination process have limited its application in desalination and large-scale implementation. To address these issues, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) has been developed to enhance the desalination performance of traditional CDI systems. Optimizing the activated carbon (AC) materials that form the flow-electrodes is a primary focus of research to improve the desalination performance of FCDI. In this work, AC was modified using varying concentrations of Tollens' reagent and sodium alginate (SA) solutions. Due to the interaction between heavy metal ions and the silver (Ag) and SA groups on the surface of the synthesized materials, this experiment was conducted to remove lead ions (Pb²⁺) from simulated wastewater. Experimental results showed that, compared to flow-electrodes made from commercial AC, the average desalination rate for Pb²⁺ increased from 0.00238 mmol/m²/s to 0.00831 mmol/m²/s. The adsorption performance also increased from 0.4454 mg/g to 0.9501 mg/g. Additionally, due to the electrochemical flow capacitor-like properties of the FCDI system, the energy recovery and charging efficiency of the FCDI system were evaluated. The energy recovery potential may reduce the energy consumption of FCDI-based seawater desalination, making FCDI more advantageous compared to other traditional seawater desalination technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 144706"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Cu–MXene composite catalyst for photocatalytic antibiotic removal in wastewater","authors":"Mohammad Sadegh Jafari Zadegan ,&nbsp;Milad Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Samaneh Ghaedi ,&nbsp;Roya Moosaei ,&nbsp;Keyvan Moradi ,&nbsp;Shima Sayyahi ,&nbsp;Hamid Rajabi ,&nbsp;John Bridgeman ,&nbsp;Samad Sabbaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic contamination in wastewaters poses severe risks to public health and ecosystems. However, remediation using common treatment methods is inefficient, necessitating the development of advanced remediation strategies. This study introduces a novel Cu–Cu₂O-rGO/Ti₃C₂ MXene (CGTM) nanocomposite photocatalyst, designed for the efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC), a representative antibiotic commonly found in wastewater, under visible light irradiation. The synergistic integration of Cu₂O and MXene developed charge separation, suppressed electron-hole recombination, and enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. The CGTM photocatalyst was synthesised via a sonochemical approach and characterised systematically using XRD, SEM, EDS, TGA, FTIR, BET, and zeta potential analyses. Optimisation via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) achieved a noteworthy TC degradation efficiency of 95 % under optimal conditions, viz. 0.47 g/L catalyst dosage, 48 ppm TC concentration, 50 min irradiation, and pH 5.15. The photocatalyst retained 85 % efficiency after five cycles, confirming material stability and reusability. Mechanistic investigations identified hydroxyl radicals and holes as primary reactive species, with kinetic modelling demonstrating first-order degradation behaviour, confirming effective radical-driven photocatalysis. Practical assessments showed high performance at reduced catalyst dosages, enhancing economic feasibility. These findings confirm the formulated CGTM as a scalable, eco-friendly solution for mitigating antibiotic pollution in wastewater, addressing global environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 144704"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector effects of microplastics on organic pollutants: sorption-desorption and bioaccumulation kinetics","authors":"Md Al-Emran ,&nbsp;Mst Jannatun Nayem","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) has their inherent detrimental effects on organism's physiology, additionally, they can sorb hydrophobic organic pollutants (OPs) from water, transport, and leach in the gut of aquatic biota, resulting enhanced bioaccumulation (vector effects). Thus, MPs mediated enhanced bioaccumulation can cause combined or synergistic toxicity in ingesters. Several laboratory and field studies have confirmed the ability of MPs to adsorb/absorb co-contaminants and suggested numbers of chemical and environmental factors affecting sorption kinetics. Besides, studies have also shown that these sorbed chemical can be leached in intestine primarily due to bile salts and governed by range of physico-chemical and biological factors, and resulted enhanced bioacumulation. However, some studies have declined the vector possibilities of MPs and emphasized multimode assimilation rather than single uptake pathway from MPs. Despite deliberate investigations, compilation and synthesis of existing reports on sorption-desorption process and subsequent vector or no-vector effects in biota are still lacking. Therefore, this review comprehends and synthesize existing data to provide summarized insights on pollutant binding, transport, leaching and consequent increased bioaccumulation. This review also compared the debate of vector vs no-vector reports and outlined a clear consensus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 144698"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative to in-vivo/in-vitro drug toxicity testing: Environmentally relevant approaches for toxicity assessment of pharmaceuticals towards rats","authors":"Pabitra Samanta,&nbsp;Ankur Kumar,&nbsp;Probir Kumar Ojha","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive and inappropriate usage of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals alongside their improper disposal give rise to the contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), potentially harming the non-target living organisms. To meet European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines, comprehensive toxicological information is required for each chemical before market release. In this regard, quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (QSTRs) offer effective alternatives. This study aims to develop QSTR models based on the oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) values of 702 pharmaceuticals in rats, adhering to the OECD principles. Several globally accepted validation parameters were analyzed to establish the reliability, robustness, etc., of the developed QSTR models. Intelligent consensus prediction (ICP) was applied to the individual models to boost predictivity of the models. This study elucidated that electronegativity, lipophilicity, the presence of pyrroles, and the number of tertiary amine groups are responsible for the toxicity toward rats. Further, the DrugBank database (investigational and experimental groups) was screened by the optimal model and the results were validated using real-world toxicity data. The developed models will greatly reduce the cost, time, and animal experimentation in the context of pharmaceuticals-induced toxicity in rat models, enabling toxicity data gap bridging and the development of safe pharmaceuticals strictly supporting RRR (reduction, refinement, and replacement) guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 144693"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource recovery from potash brine effluent: integrated chemical precipitation and evaporative crystallization for zero liquid discharge and sustainable brine management","authors":"Youssef Amadghous ,&nbsp;Yassine Ait-khouia ,&nbsp;Abdelmaula Aboulaich ,&nbsp;Abdelhak Zagriri ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ouabid ,&nbsp;Otmane Raji ,&nbsp;Said Mansouri ,&nbsp;Abdellatif Elghali ,&nbsp;Yassine Taha ,&nbsp;Mostafa Benzaazoua","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of potash brine effluent (PBE) from carnallite processing offers a transformative opportunity to address environmental and economic challenges in the potash mining industry. This study presents a novel hydrometallurgical approach integrating chemical precipitation and evaporative crystallization to recover high-purity magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and potassium chloride (KCl) from PBE, achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Chemical precipitation of magnesium using potassium hydroxide (KOH) was optimized via response surface methodology (RSM), achieving 88 % Mg recovery as Mg(OH)₂ with 95 % purity under optimal conditions (2.4 mol/L KOH, 60 °C, 40 min). Subsequent evaporative crystallization of the potassium-rich stream produced KCl crystals with 99.15 % purity, meeting commercial fertilizer standards. The process leverages fundamental aqueous chemistry principles, including pH control, supersaturation-driven nucleation, and selective crystallization, to maximize resource efficiency. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, SEM-EDS, and TGA confirmed the structural and compositional quality of the recovered products. By transforming PBE into marketable commodities, this integrated strategy not only mitigates environmental risks associated with brine disposal but also establishes a circular economy framework for the potash sector. The hybrid process achieves high-purity Mg(OH)₂ (95 %) and KCl (99.15 %) recovery from potash brine, fulfilling zero liquid discharge (ZLD) objectives. The methodology provides a foundation for sustainable brine management in mineral processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 144700"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating adsorption behavior of methylene blue on nonmagnetic slag: An integrated evaluation of isotherm-kinetic frameworks","authors":"Shiam Babu Ramesh ,&nbsp;Puja Sri Tanubuddi ,&nbsp;Sivasai Puttamreddy ,&nbsp;Narasamma Nippatlapalli","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically describes the multiscale adsorption behavior of methylene blue on nonmagnetic slag by uniquely combining several underexplored classical and advanced isotherm and kinetic models. Experimental results were established based on optimal conditions such as 5 <span><math><mrow><mtext>mg</mtext><mo>/</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow></math></span> initial concentration, 4 g adsorbent dosage, pH 8, 35 °C, 35 min contact time, and 200 RPM stirring rate. Classical isotherms describe surface heterogeneity but cannot account for complex site interactions and pore-scale irregularities. At the same time, advanced models such as fractal-like, hybrid, and cooperative forms show extensive energy dispersions, progressive site deactivation, and fractal-governed diffusion pathways. Kinetic study confirms that pseudo-order fits underpredict delayed equilibrium due to pore diffusion and steric hindrance. At the same time, advanced kinetics show biphasic sorption, subdiffusive transport, and new ferrokinetic effects from residual iron microdomains. These synergistic statistical tests with reduced chi-square and actual regression coefficient confirm reasonable fitting and acceptable error estimates. The ATR–FTIR and SEM–<span>EDS</span> analysis confirmed the adsorption of methylene blue onto the nonmagnetic slag surface, thereby supporting the claims of isotherm-kinetic frameworks. In addition, good performance of the slag was found for three regeneration cycles, demonstrating functional reusability. This multi-model association overcomes the gap between empirical fitting and actual physicochemical behavior, validating nonmagnetic slag as a cost-effective, structurally complex sorbent for dye removal. The results provide a predictive basis for designing sustainable adsorption systems and propose future validation under real effluent conditions and dynamic operation to further develop waste-derived adsorbents in circular economy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 144681"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated assessment of heavy metal contamination and health risks in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables along the Dankran River, Bekwai Municipality, Ghana","authors":"Julius Asamoah-Ntow ,&nbsp;Sampson Kofi Kyei ,&nbsp;David Azanu ,&nbsp;Roland S. Kabange","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial operations release significant amounts of pollutants into the ecosystem, introducing potential threats to both humans and wildlife. The study examined water contamination in the Bekwai Municipality, Ghana, with a focus on the Dankran River's irrigation water and its impact on the accumulation of toxic metals in agricultural soils and cultivated vegetables. Water, soil, and vegetable samples were analysed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal content using ICP-OES. While the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (151.58 ± 62.35 μS/cm) and total dissolved solids (132.22 ± 51.88 mg/L) were safe, high levels of total suspended solids (2744.44 ± 1039.43 mg/L), colour (25353.33 ± 5707.37 Pt/Co), and turbidity (2916.67 ± 617.36 NTU) raised concerns for agricultural use. Chromium (0.42 ± 0.13 mg/L) and arsenic (0.38 ± 0.13 mg/L) concentrations in irrigation water exceeded WHO/FAO standards, and soil samples also showed high levels of these metals (chromium: 84.31 ± 36.40; arsenic: 59.90 ± 17.60), raising food safety concerns. Although heavy metal levels in vegetables generally met safety standards, arsenic was consistently above safe limits in cabbage and garden eggs. Heavy metal transfer from soil to vegetables was mostly low, except for cadmium, which showed moderate but safe transferability. The health risk assessment found no substantial risk to the local vegetable consumers, with nickel posing the lowest threat. Also, arsenic was the primary contributor to the health index and cancer risks. Sustainable water and soil management is crucial to prevent heavy metal contamination in agriculture, necessitating regular monitoring of surface water near small-scale mining and waste disposal sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 144690"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}