Special Operations Journal最新文献

{"title":"Publicly Available Information: Modernizing Defense Open Source Intelligence","authors":"Peter C. Gruters, Katherine T. Gruters","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2018.1457895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2018.1457895","url":null,"abstract":"As the realm of Publicly Available Information continues to be codified by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), it is time to redefine the Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) discipline to leverage the digital data domain effectively. This article recommends focusing on the modernization and redefinition of Defense OSINT to yield the best results. It highlights the value of the proliferation of OSINT sources in the Digital Age. This article recommends professionalizing Defense OSINT by establishing an enlisted military OSINT occupation, identifying specialized OSINT skills for recruitment, documenting OSINT best practices, standardizing Defense OSINT training, establishing a service lead to leverage industry experts, and updating all relevant DoD policy and Service regulations. It also includes a brief account of policymakers urging these types of changes.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134295387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Strategic Relevance of Modern Foreign Internal Defense and Security Force Assistance Initiatives","authors":"J. Depolo","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2018.1456287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2018.1456287","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the necessity for the U.S. Department of Defense to increase focus and commitment of resources toward foreign internal defense and security force assistance capabilities. It analyzes reductions in defense resources among simultaneous emergent threats, which predicates the need for increasingly efficient and persistent force multiplication effects abroad. Modern analysis of a successful security cooperation vignette is utilized to conceptualize the potential impacts of effective foreign internal defense efforts, which further enabled export of security cooperation strategy through third party partnerships. This article shows key lessons learned through historical venues among the armed services, which outline imperative considerations in developing future security cooperation programs. It explores various modern approaches utilized by the service components to help illustrate challenges and opportunities, which are helping to shape future partner capacity-building platforms across the armed services.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Awakenings, One Process: Implications from the Sunni Realignment in Iraq, 2006-2007","authors":"D. Maye","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2018.1459143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2018.1459143","url":null,"abstract":"There are several competing beliefs regarding how political factions at the sub-state level choose to align and realign during a state of armed conflict. This research draws upon current literature to provide a framework for comparing the Anbar and Baghdad Awakenings of 2006–2007. This research concludes that alignment and alliance building is a process based on structural constraints only at the point of institutional maturity, therefore the critical point in the realignment process for the U.S. military is at a point between an individual’s realignment and the wider community’s perception of their success.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124775323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shining Path’s Employment of Psychological Warfare during its Terrorism Campaign in Peru, 1970-1992","authors":"Jason Heeg","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1383815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1383815","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological operations are an important component of special operations campaign planning. It is critical for military commanders and staffs to understand the propaganda of the opposing side. This article examines a compelling example of how terrorist organizations use ideology to justify political violence. Unconventional warfare and psychological operations practitioners will be interested in how the Shining Path employed political indoctrination to establish its cadres and build support among the rural and urban masses. What follows is an in-depth look at the Shining Path’s psychological warfare campaign against the people and government of Peru from 1970 to 1992.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change Agents for the SOF Enterprise: Design Considerations for SOF Leadership Confronting Complex Environments","authors":"Ben Ethan Zweibelson","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1384274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1384274","url":null,"abstract":"The military design movement in the past generation has generated much discussion on why, how, and when to apply design thinking in military organizations. Further, there is significant debate on how design and traditional linear planning ought to integrate and compliment within a military enterprise confronting a complex, adaptive environment. Although there are multiple design schools, programs, as well as methodologies available across the U.S. Department of Defense and internationally in other militaries, the lack of research and materials for military senior leaders is of paramount concern. For Special Operations leadership in particular, design requires different consideration when set in the context of SOF unique missions as well as the composition of SOF forces in larger Coalition and Joint activities. This article provides some of the leading design theory tailored specifically for senior military leaders to provide deeper appreciation of how to foster design activities, innovation, and operational planning integration within complex Special Operations contexts.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114623398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of the Mountains: The Coming Age of the Urban Guerrilla and Blood Year: The Unravelling of Western Counterterrorism, by Kilcullen, David","authors":"Colonel Tod Strickland","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1384277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1384277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114475731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locating the Human in Doctrine","authors":"K. Parker","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1384272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1384272","url":null,"abstract":"In 2013, top U.S. Army, Marine Corps, and Special Operations Command military leaders chartered the Strategic Landpower Task Force to examine the concept of a human domain and inform whether to adopt it into doctrine. The Department of Defense (DoD) should not adopt human domain into doctrine. However, examining human in war illuminates opportunities to improve joint doctrine by developing precise terminology for the many facets of humanness in war. This article explores human domain, human dimension, human factors, and human capital. It also proposes re-evaluating defeat mechanisms to consider human factors and how military operations influence adversary decisions. Human domain concepts have gained attention in the land services and special operations, especially in population-centric conflicts, but the importance of human factors goes beyond these limited viewpoints. Since war is an inherently human endeavor, DoD should evaluate human factors across all domains and joint operations so the concepts are not unnecessarily constrained.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114500738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Africa’s Role in Global Terrorism: Why It Matters Now","authors":"Donald C. Bolduc, Randall Kaailau, Darin Blatt, Jami T Forbes","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1384270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1384270","url":null,"abstract":"Africa is often overlooked in the global terrorism narrative; however, sociocultural vulnerabilities, the activities of competing violent extremist organizations (VEOs), and conflict prone environments suggest the region will become a key horizon for global terrorism. Given the increasing interconnectedness of Africa based VEOs to regional and global counterparts, the looming threat in Africa is simply not just an African problem. Terrorism, coupled with foreign fighter flows and the illegal trafficking of people, weapons, and narcotics, is contributing to destabilization in Africa, but also poses a threat to other parts of the world. In addition, North Africa is one of the largest contributors of foreign fighters to Iraq and Syria, and the potential return of such fighters is likely to significantly increase instability in the near term. The question about Africa is not if terrorism will take root, but rather how much terrorism will entrench on the continent, and how much the world is willing to risk by allowing it to occur.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128651998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clausewitz on Small War, edited and translated by Daase, Christopher and Davis, James W.","authors":"Christopher Marsh","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1385277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1385277","url":null,"abstract":"For those familiar with Clausewitz’s writings on small wars, mostly written in the form of a series of lectures delivered at the Prussian War College in 1810 and 1811 under the title “Lectures on Small War,” these writings have offered insight into insurgency, terrorism, and partisan warfare for over two hundred years. However, given that these writings were not translated into English from the original German until the current volume, that was a very small group indeed. Many acted as if On War was Clausewitz’s ultimate academic achievement and, because it only contains a brief chapter on people’s war, such must have been far from Clausewitz’s thinking. The present volume by Daase and Davis not only now provides us with an excellent English translation of these lectures, but they also put to death the faulty assumption that Clausewitz was uninterested, if not downright unacquainted, with small wars and insurrections. Besides the writings of Clausewitz himself, which includes in addition to the lectures the Bekenntnisdenkschrift (or Testimonials) of 1812 plus the chapter on “The Arming of the People” (Volksbewaffnung) from On War, the credit for putting the myth of Clausewitz’s disregard for small war to rest goes equally to James Davis, whose introductory chapter not only puts Clausewitz in context, but also articulates the most important aspects of the writings collected here and how they relate to insurgency, terrorism, partisan warfare, and even special operations (which are seen as critical but secondary to the main military effort). Those who have over the years disregarded Clausewitz as irrelevant to the modern age will have to rethink their positions and argue their points anew, for Clausewitz certainly wrote clearly and masterfully on issues such as the interrelationship between national identity and war, the economic logic of warfare, and low-intensity conflict and asymmetric conflict. As Davis puts it, “the near exclusive focus of Anglo-Saxon scholars on the unfinished work On War obscures the true breadth of Clausewitz’s strategic thought, which extends to the prosecution of wars of national liberation, guerrilla-style warfare, light-","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115131460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameters of Simplicity as a Principle of Special Operations","authors":"Ralf Lillbacka","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2017.1383811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2017.1383811","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined whether various aspects of simplicity, as a principle of special operations, were associated with the rate of success. These were a number of objectives, unit size, dependency on the enemy being at a specific location at a specific time, and other case-specific prerequisites. Finnish WWII long range patrols, SAS WWII operations in North Africa, and the Rhodesian Selous Scouts’ external operations were analyzed and compared by means of bootstrapped tetrachoric correlations, totaling 155 cases. Dependency on specific prerequisites, closely associated with von Clausewitz’s notion of friction, was found to be crucial for success and achievement of surprise.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122029386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}