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Practical Symbolic Race Checking of GPU Programs 实用的GPU程序符号竞争检查
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.20
Peng Li, Guodong Li, G. Gopalakrishnan
{"title":"Practical Symbolic Race Checking of GPU Programs","authors":"Peng Li, Guodong Li, G. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.20","url":null,"abstract":"Even the careful GPU programmer can inadvertently introduce data races while writing and optimizing code. Currently available GPU race checking methods fall short either in terms of their formal guarantees, ease of use, or practicality. Existing symbolic methods: (1) do not fully support existing CUDA kernels, (2) may require user-specified assertions or invariants, (3) often require users to guess which inputs may be safely made concrete, (4) tend to explode in complexity when the number of threads is increased, and (5) explode in the face of thread-ID based decisions, especially in a loop. We present SESA, a new tool combining Symbolic Execution and Static Analysis to analyze C++ CUDA programs that overcomes all these limitations. SESA also scales well to handle non-trivial benchmarks such as Parboil and Lonestar, and is the only tool of its class that handles such practical examples. This paper presents SESA's methodological innovations and practical results.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128190666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Using an Adaptive HPC Runtime System to Reconfigure the Cache Hierarchy 使用自适应HPC运行时系统重新配置缓存层次结构
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.90
E. Totoni, J. Torrellas, L. Kalé
{"title":"Using an Adaptive HPC Runtime System to Reconfigure the Cache Hierarchy","authors":"E. Totoni, J. Torrellas, L. Kalé","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.90","url":null,"abstract":"The cache hierarchy often consumes a large portion of a processor's energy. To save energy in HPC environments, this paper proposes software-controlled reconfiguration of the cache hierarchy with an adaptive runtime system. Our approach addresses the two major limitations associated with other methods that reconfigure the caches: predicting the application's future and finding the best cache hierarchy configuration. Our approach uses formal language theory to express the application's pattern and help predict its future. Furthermore, it uses the prevalent Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) model of HPC codes to find the best configuration in parallel quickly. Our experiments using cycle-level simulations indicate that 67% of the cache energy can be saved with only a 2.4% performance penalty on average. Moreover, we demonstrate that, for some applications, switching to a software-controlled reconfigurable streaming buffer configuration can improve performance by up to 30% and save 75% of the cache energy.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133177539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Understanding Soft Error Resiliency of Blue Gene/Q Compute Chip through Hardware Proton Irradiation and Software Fault Injection 通过硬件质子照射和软件故障注入了解蓝色基因/Q计算芯片的软错误弹性
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.53
Chen-Yong Cher, M. Gupta, P. Bose, K. Muller
{"title":"Understanding Soft Error Resiliency of Blue Gene/Q Compute Chip through Hardware Proton Irradiation and Software Fault Injection","authors":"Chen-Yong Cher, M. Gupta, P. Bose, K. Muller","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.53","url":null,"abstract":"Soft Error Resiliency is a major concern for Petascale high performance computing (HPC) systems. Blue Gene/Q (BG/Q) is the third generation of IBM's massively parallel, energy efficient Blue Gene series of supercomputers. The principal goal of this work is to understand the interaction between Blue-Gene/Q's hardware resiliency features and high-performance applications through proton irradiation of a real chip, and software resiliency inherent in these applications through application-level fault injection (AFI) experiments. From the proton irradiation experiments we derived that the mean time between correctable errors at sea level of the SRAM-based register files and Level-1 caches for a system similar to the scale of Sequoia system. From the AFI experiments, we characterized relative vulnerability among the applications in both general purpose and floating point register files. We categorized and quantified the failure outcomes, and discovered characteristics in the applications that lead to many masking improvement opportunities.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131270981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
A System Software Approach to Proactive Memory-Error Avoidance 主动避免内存错误的系统软件方法
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.63
Carlos H. A. Costa, Yoonho Park, Bryan S. Rosenburg, Chen-Yong Cher, K. D. Ryu
{"title":"A System Software Approach to Proactive Memory-Error Avoidance","authors":"Carlos H. A. Costa, Yoonho Park, Bryan S. Rosenburg, Chen-Yong Cher, K. D. Ryu","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.63","url":null,"abstract":"Today's HPC systems use two mechanisms to address main-memory errors. Error-correcting codes make correctable errors transparent to software, while checkpoint/restart (CR) enables recovery from uncorrectable errors. Unfortunately, CR overhead will be enormous at exascale due to the high failure rate of memory. We propose a new OS-based approach that proactively avoids memory errors using prediction. This scheme exposes correctable error information to the OS, which migrates pages and off lines unhealthy memory to avoid application crashes. We analyze memory error patterns in extensive logs from a BG/P system and show how correctable error patterns can be used to identify memory likely to fail. We implement a proactive memory management system on BG/Q by extending the firmware and Linux. We evaluate our approach with a realistic workload and compare our overhead against CR. We show improved resilience with negligible performance overhead for applications.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131481877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Best Practices and Lessons Learned from Deploying and Operating Large-Scale Data-Centric Parallel File Systems 部署和操作大规模以数据为中心的并行文件系统的最佳实践和经验教训
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.23
S. Oral, James Simmons, Jason Hill, Dustin Leverman, Feiyi Wang, M. Ezell, Ross G. Miller, Douglas Fuller, Raghul Gunasekaran, Youngjae Kim, Saurabh Gupta, Devesh Tiwari, Sudharshan S. Vazhkudai, James H. Rogers, D. Dillow, G. Shipman, Arthur S. Bland
{"title":"Best Practices and Lessons Learned from Deploying and Operating Large-Scale Data-Centric Parallel File Systems","authors":"S. Oral, James Simmons, Jason Hill, Dustin Leverman, Feiyi Wang, M. Ezell, Ross G. Miller, Douglas Fuller, Raghul Gunasekaran, Youngjae Kim, Saurabh Gupta, Devesh Tiwari, Sudharshan S. Vazhkudai, James H. Rogers, D. Dillow, G. Shipman, Arthur S. Bland","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.23","url":null,"abstract":"The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) has deployed multiple large-scale parallel file systems (PFS) to support its operations. During this process, OLCF acquired significant expertise in large-scale storage system design, file system software development, technology evaluation, benchmarking, procurement, deployment, and operational practices. Based on the lessons learned from each new PFS deployment, OLCF improved its operating procedures, and strategies. This paper provides an account of our experience and lessons learned in acquiring, deploying, and operating large-scale parallel file systems. We believe that these lessons will be useful to the wider HPC community.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124005081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Scalable Kernel Fusion for Memory-Bound GPU Applications 内存绑定GPU应用的可扩展内核融合
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.21
M. Wahib, N. Maruyama
{"title":"Scalable Kernel Fusion for Memory-Bound GPU Applications","authors":"M. Wahib, N. Maruyama","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.21","url":null,"abstract":"GPU implementations of HPC applications relying on finite difference methods can include tens of kernels that are memory-bound. Kernel fusion can improve performance by reducing data traffic to off-chip memory, kernels that share data arrays are fused to larger kernels where on-chip cache is used to hold the data reused by instructions originating from different kernels. The main challenges are a) searching for the optimal kernel fusions while constrained by data dependencies and kernels' precedences and b) effectively applying kernel fusion to achieve speedup. This paper introduces a problem definition and proposes a scalable method for searching the space of possible kernel fusions to identify optimal kernel fusions for large problems. The paper also proposes a codeless performance upper-bound projection model to achieve effective fusions. Results show that using the proposed scalable method for kernel fusion improved the performance of two real-world applications containing tens of kernels by 1.35x and 1.2x.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125083128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 73
A Communication-Optimal Framework for Contracting Distributed Tensors 收缩分布张量的通信最优框架
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.36
Samyam Rajbhandari, Akshay Nikam, Pai-Wei Lai, Kevin Stock, S. Krishnamoorthy, P. Sadayappan
{"title":"A Communication-Optimal Framework for Contracting Distributed Tensors","authors":"Samyam Rajbhandari, Akshay Nikam, Pai-Wei Lai, Kevin Stock, S. Krishnamoorthy, P. Sadayappan","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.36","url":null,"abstract":"Tensor contractions are extremely compute intensive generalized matrix multiplication operations encountered in many computational science fields, such as quantum chemistry and nuclear physics. Unlike distributed matrix multiplication, which has been extensively studied, limited work has been done in understanding distributed tensor contractions. In this paper, we characterize distributed tensor contraction algorithms on torus networks. We develop a framework with three fundamental communication operators to generate communication-efficient contraction algorithms for arbitrary tensor contractions. We show that for a given amount of memory per processor, the framework is communication optimal for all tensor contractions. We demonstrate performance and scalability of the framework on up to 262,144 cores on a Blue Gene/Q supercomputer.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115663201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Dissecting On-Node Memory Access Performance: A Semantic Approach 剖析节点上内存访问性能:一种语义方法
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.19
Alfredo Giménez, T. Gamblin, B. Rountree, A. Bhatele, Ilir Jusufi, P. Bremer, B. Hamann
{"title":"Dissecting On-Node Memory Access Performance: A Semantic Approach","authors":"Alfredo Giménez, T. Gamblin, B. Rountree, A. Bhatele, Ilir Jusufi, P. Bremer, B. Hamann","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.19","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing memory access is critical for performance and power efficiency. CPU manufacturers have developed sampling-based performance measurement units (PMUs) that report precise costs of memory accesses at specific addresses. However, this data is too low-level to be meaningfully interpreted and contains an excessive amount of irrelevant or uninteresting information. We have developed a method to gather fine-grained memory access performance data for specific data objects and regions of code with low overhead and attribute semantic information to the sampled memory accesses. This information provides the context necessary to more effectively interpret the data. We have developed a tool that performs this sampling and attribution and used the tool to discover and diagnose performance problems in real-world applications. Our techniques provide useful insight into the memory behaviour of applications and allow programmers to understand the performance ramifications of key design decisions: domain decomposition, multi-threading, and data motion within distributed memory systems.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127978456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
A Volume Integral Equation Stokes Solver for Problems with Variable Coefficients 变系数问题的体积积分方程Stokes求解器
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.13
D. Malhotra, A. Gholami, G. Biros
{"title":"A Volume Integral Equation Stokes Solver for Problems with Variable Coefficients","authors":"D. Malhotra, A. Gholami, G. Biros","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.13","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel numerical scheme for solving the Stokes equation with variable coefficients in the unit box. Our scheme is based on a volume integral equation formulation. Compared to finite element methods, our formulation decouples the velocity and pressure, generates velocity fields that are by construction divergence free to high accuracy and its performance does not depend on the order of the basis used for discretization. In addition, we employ a novel adaptive fast multipole method for volume integrals to obtain a scheme that is algorithmically optimal. Our scheme supports non-uniform discretizations and is spectrally accurate. To increase per node performance, we have integrated our code with both NVIDIA and Intel accelerators. In our largest scalability test, we solved a problem with 20 billion unknowns, using a 14-order approximation for the velocity, on 2048 nodes of the Stampede system at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. We achieved 0.656 peta FLOPS for the overall code (23% efficiency) and one peta FLOPS for the volume integrals (33% efficiency). As an application example, we simulate Stokes ow in a porous medium with highly complex pore structure using a penalty formulation to enforce the no slip condition.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
FlexSlot: Moving Hadoop Into the Cloud with Flexible Slot Management FlexSlot:通过灵活的插槽管理将Hadoop迁移到云端
SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis Pub Date : 2014-11-16 DOI: 10.1109/SC.2014.83
Yanfei Guo, J. Rao, Changjun Jiang, Xiaobo Zhou
{"title":"FlexSlot: Moving Hadoop Into the Cloud with Flexible Slot Management","authors":"Yanfei Guo, J. Rao, Changjun Jiang, Xiaobo Zhou","doi":"10.1109/SC.2014.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.83","url":null,"abstract":"Load imbalance is a major source of overhead in Hadoop where the uneven distribution of input data among tasks can significantly delays the job completion. Running Hadoop in a private cloud opens up opportunities for mitigating data skew with elastic resource allocation, where stragglers are expedited with more resources, yet introduces problems that often cancel out the performance gain: (1) performance interference from co running jobs may create new stragglers, (2) there exist a semantic gap between Hadoop task management and resource pool-based virtual cluster management preventing efficient resource usage. We present FlexSlot, a user-transparent task slot management scheme that automatically identifies map stragglers and resizes their slots accordingly to accelerate task execution. FlexSlot adaptively changes the number of slots on each virtual node to promote efficient usage of resource pool. Experimental results with representative benchmarks show that FlexSlot effectively reduces job completion time by 46% and achieves better resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":275261,"journal":{"name":"SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127664328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
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