Operations Research eJournal最新文献_第8页

Making the Rules of Sports Fairer 让体育规则更公平

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2016-02-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2737672

S. Brams, Mehmet S. Ismail

引用次数: 45

Analyzing Process Flexibility: A Distribution-Free Approach with Partial Expectations 分析过程灵活性:具有部分期望的无分布方法

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2730345

H. Bidkhori, D. Simchi-Levi, Y. Wei

引用次数: 14

A Study on the Success Factors of Product Innovation in a Firm 企业产品创新成功因素研究

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2697886

N. Idris

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Knowledge Sharing, Commitment and Opportunism Towards Product Performance in Malaysia 知识共享、承诺和机会主义对马来西亚产品绩效的关系

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2697868

Liyana Ali

{"title":"The Relationship between Knowledge Sharing, Commitment and Opportunism Towards Product Performance in Malaysia","authors":"Liyana Ali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2697868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2697868","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing, commitment and opportunism towards product performance.Design/methodology/approach – An online questionnaire survey was conducted to verify the research model with 100 valid responses from manufacturing firms. The survey data was analysed by regression that assessed the impact on product performance.Findings – This study finds that knowledge sharing among committed business partners suppresses, rather than invites, opportunism.Research limitations/implications –This study have strong managerial implication. Firm that hesitate to share their knowledge with others because of the fear of opportunism should commit more seriously to their business partners so that they could share knowledge for better new product development.Practical implications – It is reasonable to conclude, on this evidence, that product performance can be created and enhanced by gaining knowledge sharing, demonstrating commitment and opportunism.Originality/value – This study contradictory belief that knowledge sharing lead to opportunism because this will help them generate more ideas in new product development. This new belief encourage people in manufacturing industries in Malaysia to have joint business collaboration with other industries without having a trust issue while making them commit in collaborative product performance.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126551469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the Structure of Optimal Stopping Policies 最优停车策略的结构表征

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-10-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1495366

Sechan Oh, Ö. Özer

{"title":"Characterizing the Structure of Optimal Stopping Policies","authors":"Sechan Oh, Ö. Özer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1495366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1495366","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies a stochastic model of optimal stopping processes that arise frequently in operational problems (e.g., when a manager needs to determine an optimal epoch to stop a process). For such problems, we propose an effective method that characterizes the structure of the optimal stopping policy for the class of discrete-time optimal stopping problems. Using the method, we also provide a set of metatheorems that characterize when a threshold or control-band type stopping policy is optimal. We show that our proposed method can characterize the structure of the optimal policy for some stopping problems for which conventional methods fail to do so. Our method also simplifies the analysis of some existing results. In addition, the metatheorems help identify sufficient conditions that yield simple optimal policies when such policies are not generally optimal. We show the aforementioned benefits of our method by applying it to several optimal stopping problems frequently encountered, for example, in operations, marketing, finance and economics literature. We remark that structural results make an optimal-stopping policy easier to follow, describe, compute and hence implement. They also help understand how a stopping policy should respond to changes in the operational environment. In addition, structural results are critical for the development of efficient algorithms to solve optimal stopping problems numerically.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115941394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Flexible Products for Dynamic Preferences 灵活的产品动态偏好

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2037631

Aydın Alptekinoğlu, Karthik Ramachandran

{"title":"Flexible Products for Dynamic Preferences","authors":"Aydın Alptekinoğlu, Karthik Ramachandran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2037631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2037631","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers often have needs that change in a dynamic fashion over time due to physiological, mental or environmental variations. We develop a model to address a product strategy question on how to satisfy dynamic consumer preferences: Should a firm offer multiple standard products, each designed for a specific purpose (e.g., several specialized golf clubs), or a flexible product that can be reconfigured by consumers as their preferences change (e.g., one adjustable golf club)? Often the latter approach is fueled by new technology, like the dial-a-dose system that Novo Nordisk invented and perfected over the years for its insulin pens. We find that products that deliver a high utility to consumers are ideal candidates for flexible designs, as higher utility encourages reconfiguration and justifies a higher flexibility premium. This offers an explanation as to why flexible products are typically sold at significant premiums over their ‘inflexible’ counterparts. We also discover a non-obvious relationship between optimal product strategy and dynamic consumer preferences. Intuition suggests that product flexibility would be more valuable when consumer preferences are more dynamic in the sense of changing more often. On the contrary, we find that a flexible product may lead to higher profits than a portfolio of standard products when consumer preferences are more stable. While higher stability in preferences reduces the frequency of reconfigurations, it also increases the value of each reconfiguration when preference shifts do occur. Finally, we also investigate the impact of heterogeneity in consumer preferences. We find that it can lead to a hybrid product strategy being optimal, where offering a mix of flexible and standard products enables efficient price discrimination between high- and low-end consumers.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121347902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Analysis of a Expenditure Head for Audit Using Statistical Analysis 用统计分析法分析审计开支项目

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-09-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2662396

Saswot Raj Sharma

{"title":"Analysis of a Expenditure Head for Audit Using Statistical Analysis","authors":"Saswot Raj Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2662396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2662396","url":null,"abstract":"In our financial statement, expenses are of significant value. Their proper identification, transaction, controlling can ensure success or failure of a complete business unit. On practise on a lack of sufficient internal control or due to behavior of human nature they don't depicts the actual nature of its underlying value and occurrence. Generally, if expenses are under continuous scrutiny under a approving authority which helps to identity the true nature of the expenses on time frame of human memory with the rates and quantity with which it has occurred then there exist very less opportunity of manipulation. Expenses are generally used as tools for assets misappropriation by employees where manipulation of figures and quantity are generally performed and practiced as per generally business conduct. Hence with this paper we are trying to find the relevant data analysis tools that will help us identity the correctness of the datas that are provided for expenses analysis from a petty cashier for 5 months. Here the data is for average of 8 peoples with total of amount of NPR 26,014 with the total working days as 111 days. We have used the tools like dimensional averages of datas in terms of time, Benford law, Pareto and histogram analysis, audit program using data analysis. Here total of more than 50 sub items are purchased that constitutes the expenses per day for preparation of lunch of an office. We have performed a natural audit procedure that can be used as an alternative to one to one vouching methods to save time and hence be more effective in auditing. These analysis methods will help us identify the food expenses pattern for hotels, restaurants, canteen and other necessary food sales related industries.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Pricing of Peak Production 峰值生产的动态定价

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-08-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2647466

H. Peura, D. Bunn

{"title":"Dynamic Pricing of Peak Production","authors":"H. Peura, D. Bunn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2647466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2647466","url":null,"abstract":"Peak producers of non-storable products, such as electricity, provide crucial flexible operating capacity to respond to infrequent and transient high demand periods. Faced with these uncertain revenue-earning opportunities, despite often having significant price-setting power, they need to profit from a limited number of pricing decisions in order to meet financial targets for viability. We study the repeated interaction between peak producers with a model that captures both the uncertainty in their short-term revenues and their market power. We investigate the conditions under which peak producers can implicitly co-ordinate to achieve high prices, under varying demand conditions. We analyze how financial objectives in the form of annual performance targets dynamically impact peakers' pricing decisions, and the conditions under which setting such targets may benefit or hurt the owners of the firm. We further show how portfolio integration with lower marginal cost technologies can be an important factor in peak price setting, beyond the usual considerations of direct price externalities, capacity manipulation or risk. These insights are useful not only in understanding how purely energy-based revenues can sustain the financial viability of peakers, and the dynamic emergence of price spikes, but also in providing the underlying process for pricing derivative contracts that policy makers may encourage or offer for resource adequacy.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115284042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Dynamic Pricing for Hotel Rooms When Customers Request Multiple-Day Stays 当客户要求多天住宿时，酒店客房的动态定价

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-08-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2639188

Selvaprabu Nadarajah, Yun Fong Lim, Qing Ding

{"title":"Dynamic Pricing for Hotel Rooms When Customers Request Multiple-Day Stays","authors":"Selvaprabu Nadarajah, Yun Fong Lim, Qing Ding","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2639188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2639188","url":null,"abstract":"We study the dynamic pricing problem faced by a hotel that maximizes expected revenue from a single type of rooms. Demand for the rooms is stochastic and non-stationary. Our Markov decision process formulation of this problem determines the optimal booking price of rooms (resources) for each individual day, while considering the availability of room capacity throughout the multiple-day stays (products) requested by customers. To offer attractive average daily prices for multiple-day stays, the hotel should not only substantially raise the booking prices for some high-demand days, but also significantly lower the booking prices for the low-demand days that are immediately adjacent to these high-demand days. This policy-structure insight is based on analysis and exact numerical solutions of small problem instances. For larger problem instances, we develop an approximate linear programming based pricing policy and numerically benchmark it against both a fixed-price heuristic and a single-day decomposition approach. Our pricing policy outperforms these benchmarks and generates up to 7% more revenue than the single-day decomposition approach. Enforcing our policy-structure insight, which may simplify the implementation, results in revenue losses of less than 1%. Our findings are potentially relevant beyond the hotel domain for applications involving the dynamic pricing of capacitated resources used by multiple products.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116835684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Assortment Optimization Under Consider-Then-Choose Choice Models 先考虑后选择模型下的分类优化

Operations Research eJournal Pub Date : 2015-06-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2618823

A. Aouad, V. Farias, R. Levi

{"title":"Assortment Optimization Under Consider-Then-Choose Choice Models","authors":"A. Aouad, V. Farias, R. Levi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2618823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2618823","url":null,"abstract":"Consider-then-choose models, borne out by empirical literature in marketing and psychology, explain that customers choose among alternatives in two phases, by first screening products to decide which alternatives to consider and then ranking them. In this paper, we develop a dynamic programming framework to study the computational aspects of assortment optimization under consider-then-choose premises. Although nonparametric choice models generally lead to computationally intractable assortment optimization problems, we are able to show that for many empirically vetted assumptions on how customers consider and choose, our resulting dynamic program is efficient. Our approach unifies and subsumes several specialized settings analyzed in previous literature. Empirically, we demonstrate the predictive power of our modeling approach on a combination of synthetic and real industry data sets, where prediction errors are significantly reduced against common parametric choice models. In synthetic experiments, our algorithms lead to practical computation schemes that outperform a state-of-the-art integer programming solver in terms of running time, in several parameter regimes of interest. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.","PeriodicalId":275253,"journal":{"name":"Operations Research eJournal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115765857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64