The Politics of Global Competitiveness最新文献

The General Law of Social Production 社会生产的一般规律

The Politics of Global Competitiveness Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0005

Paul Cammack

{"title":"The General Law of Social Production","authors":"Paul Cammack","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Marx’s general law of social production stems from his argument that capitalist competition gives rise to continued efforts to break each process of production down into ever-smaller constituent elements, without looking first at the ability of the human hand to perform new processes. This in turn compels workers to be versatile, flexible, and mobile in order to survive in the capitalist economy. In the advanced economies, and in particular in Europe, this tendency is hampered by the legacy of labour market and welfare institutions that protect workers from the impact of the changes in contracts, patterns of work, and forms of welfare or social protection that machine- and digital platform-led revolutions in production require. This chapter documents the intensive collaboration between the OECD, the World Bank, and the European Commission to secure welfare and labour market reforms with the objective of forcing ‘hard to reach’ groups such as youth or married women to enter the labour market or increase their participation. At the same time, these organisations advocate the replacement of ‘standard labour contracts’ with more flexible patterns of work, and a reduced onus on employers to offer permanence or rights to redundancy payments on dismissal. The chapter details efforts of these institutions to incentivise paid work, re-orient education towards work-related skills training and ‘employability’, and devise a ‘constitution’ for global competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":273362,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Global Competitiveness","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131164786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Social Politics of Global Competitiveness 全球竞争力的社会政治

The Politics of Global Competitiveness Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0006

Paul Cammack

引用次数: 0

The World Bank and the Global Rule of Capital 世界银行与全球资本规则

The Politics of Global Competitiveness Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0004

Paul Cammack

{"title":"The World Bank and the Global Rule of Capital","authors":"Paul Cammack","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank was charged when it was founded in 1944 with the task of encouraging the development of productive facilities and resources in less developed countries. The Bank has always seen and continues to see the maximum development of global capitalism as the solution to poverty in the developing world. Over more than forty years, it has published policy proposals to this end in annual World Development Reports. These and related initiatives show a consistent focus on proletarianisation—the creation of a healthy, educated, and productive working class in the developing world, along with the construction of an institutional framework conducive to its participation in global value chains and indigenous capitalist development. In the present century, its policy advice has shifted away somewhat from macro-structural and macro-institutional reforms to focus on micro-level reforms that are intended to bring about changes in individual activity and behaviour that will facilitate increased engagement with competitive markets. Most recently, this orientation has been reflected in the priority the Bank attaches to shifting workers in the developing world, and especially women, from the informal into the formal sector, with an emphasis on the creation of productive jobs linked to the world market. This makes it a strong supporter of ‘gender equality’, understood as equal opportunity for women in education and work.","PeriodicalId":273362,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Global Competitiveness","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126483531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capitalising on COVID-19? 利用COVID-19?

The Politics of Global Competitiveness Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0007

Paul Cammack

引用次数: 0

Social Production in a Capitalist World Market 资本主义世界市场中的社会生产

The Politics of Global Competitiveness Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0002

Paul Cammack

{"title":"Social Production in a Capitalist World Market","authors":"Paul Cammack","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter sets out Marx’s ‘general law of social production’ and addresses its implications for the world of work and for gender, household, and family relations. Marx and Engels understood production to include the production of life itself and of individuals from day to day. At the same time, they thought that the development of industry on a global scale would transform social relations in ways that previous forms of production did not, as technological innovation led to increased division of labour and demanded versatile, flexible, and mobile workers. They were acutely attentive to the impact of these changes on families and households, but in their own lifetimes this was relatively limited. A comparison between gender relations, families, and households in their day and today shows how these have been transformed as capitalism has developed, and suggests, contrary to the arguments of some ‘social reproduction’ theorists, that capital tends without limit to penetrate and transform the ‘domestic sphere’. As women enter the labour market in increased numbers, they postpone or reject childbearing, while the ‘male breadwinner’ and the ‘nuclear family’ become increasingly uncommon. The proponents of the politics of global competitiveness embrace these changes, as they make for more competitive labour markets and a larger and more productive workforce.","PeriodicalId":273362,"journal":{"name":"The Politics of Global Competitiveness","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122522976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The OECD and the World Market 经合组织与世界市场

The Politics of Global Competitiveness Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192847867.003.0003

Paul Cammack

引用次数: 0