Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal最新文献

Vulnerable people, vulnerable resources? Exploring the relationship between people's vulnerability and the sustainability of community-managed natural resources 脆弱的人，脆弱的资源?探索人类脆弱性与社区管理的自然资源可持续性之间的关系

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.904079

C. Barratt, E. Allison

{"title":"Vulnerable people, vulnerable resources? Exploring the relationship between people's vulnerability and the sustainability of community-managed natural resources","authors":"C. Barratt, E. Allison","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.904079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.904079","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory approaches to the management of common-pool resources (CPRs) are built on the premise that resource-users are dependent on the productivity of the resource and therefore have the incentive to act as resource stewards if empowered to do so. Yet many CPR users have only temporary interest in using the resources. Moreover, they are vulnerable to a range of stressors and risks unrelated to resource access and sustainability concerns. Both of these may undermine such incentives. Furthermore, discounting theory posits that high vulnerability shortens time horizons so that vulnerable CPR users might be expected to heavily discount future benefits from resource conservation. We present an ethnographic study carried out in two communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda, where fisherfolk face a range of elevated risks to health and security. These immediate risks undermine participatory fishery management but this does not necessarily indicate inherently short time-horizons; for many, fishing and fish-trading are not perceived as a life-long occupation but as a means to generate capital for investment in other businesses. Thus, whether they are vulnerable or not, it cannot simply be assumed that current CPR users will have a long-term interest in participating in resource management. Incentivizing participation in CPR management for long-term sustainability may have to address both people's wider vulnerabilities and aspirations.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Better targeting of farmers as a channel for poverty reduction: a systematic review of Farmer Field Schools targeting 更好地将农民作为减贫渠道:对农民田间学校目标的系统审查

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.924841

Daniel Phillips, H. Waddington, H. White

{"title":"Better targeting of farmers as a channel for poverty reduction: a systematic review of Farmer Field Schools targeting","authors":"Daniel Phillips, H. Waddington, H. White","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.924841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.924841","url":null,"abstract":"Farmer Field Schools (FFSs) are an adult education and agricultural extension approach designed to empower farmers, increase productivity and improve livelihoods. We systematically review the literature and undertake content analysis, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis to explore how FFSs are targeted and how the targeting affects participation and performance. Some FFS programs are found to include ‘equity’ criteria targeting the poorest or those judged to be most in need of the benefits FFSs offer. However, many FFS programs include ‘effectiveness’ targeting criteria designed to promote inclusion of farmers with more resources, education and social agency, with the aim of maximizing the impact of the program. While programs typically achieved the effectiveness-related inclusion objectives, some failed to fulfil the equity-related inclusion goals. This was because either conflicting targeting criteria and participant-selection mechanisms favored elite capture, or the need for a minimum level of social and economic capital precluded participation for some. There is also evidence that the FFS program participants' characteristics can significantly impact outcomes. Programs with relatively more educated participants may be more effective in improving the adoption of farming practices, increasing yields and passing on FFS learning to neighboring farmers living in the same communities. However, poorer farmers benefit more when they participate directly in programs than when they receive knowledge indirectly.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130080718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Caste, inequality, and poverty in India: a re-assessment 种姓、不平等和印度的贫困:重新评估

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.967877

V. Borooah, Dilip G. Diwakar, V. Mishra, A. Naik, N. Sabharwal

引用次数: 44

Determinants of agroforestry technology adoption in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa 南非东开普省农林业技术采用的决定因素

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.977454

M. Zerihun, M. Muchie, Z. Worku

{"title":"Determinants of agroforestry technology adoption in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"M. Zerihun, M. Muchie, Z. Worku","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.977454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.977454","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores factors that affect the adoption of agroforestry (AF) technologies in ‘Tsolo’ and ‘Lusikisiki’ areas in O.R. Tambo district in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is based on empirical evidence gathered from households in the study areas. The aim and objective of the study are consistent with the strategic priorities of the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. The study finds that agricultural farming experience, education level of the household head, a proxy variable for household wealth status, land size owned, number of livestock owned, pace of adoption of other agricultural technologies, the scale of slope of farm land, and percent of severely degraded farm land affect the adoption of AF technologies in the study areas significantly and with the higher magnitudes of the odds ratios. These variables need to be considered in all the initiatives by government and non-governmental organizations to promote AF as a strategy to realize integrated rural development in the study areas. These findings have policy implications to advance integrated sustainable rural development strategies. The local government in the study areas can use the promotion of AF technologies for multiple purposes, particularly as a tool toward rural poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125669860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Migrant remittances and household development: an anthropological analysis 移民汇款与家庭发展:人类学分析

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.903808

R. Eversole, M. Johnson

{"title":"Migrant remittances and household development: an anthropological analysis","authors":"R. Eversole, M. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.903808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.903808","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, influxes of remittances from overseas workers, mostly sent to families back home, have begun to attract policy and scholarly attention for their potential development impacts. This article seeks to answer the question: What is the development impact of these remittances for the households that receive them with reference to field data from remittance-receiving households in the Philippines. Recognising that different ‘development logics’ inform different understandings of development, this article analyses field data on migrant remittances with reference to three common sets of development logics: economic development, social development and sustainable livelihoods. It then dialogues and extends these findings with qualitative data on the way remittance-receiving households themselves understand the role of migrant remittances. An anthropological approach brings these different logics into dialogue, illustrating the complexity of households’ quest for economic, social and livelihood outcomes, and the need to understand the contexts that influence their ability to meet their development goals at home and abroad.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Gender and poverty – an analysis of urban poverty in Ethiopia 性别与贫困——埃塞俄比亚城市贫困分析

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.917053

M. Jayamohan, Amenu Temesgen Kitesa

{"title":"Gender and poverty – an analysis of urban poverty in Ethiopia","authors":"M. Jayamohan, Amenu Temesgen Kitesa","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.917053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.917053","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between gender and poverty in urban Ethiopia using cross-sectional data of 1999/2000 and 2004/2005 household surveys. It employs consumption expenditure to measure the poverty level. In addition, Foster–Greer–Thorbecke index and regression models such as Ordinary Least Squares, Probit and Quantile models are used to assess the correlates of poverty and determinants of real per capita expenditure of households at mean and different quantiles. The result shows that between 1999/2000 and 2004/2005, the poverty headcount has decreased for both female-headed households (FHHs) and male-headed households (MHHs), where the rate of reduction was higher for the FHHs. Feminization of poverty is thus a weak argument in urban Ethiopia. However, over the two periods the income shortfall below the poverty line and severity of poverty were more common in households headed by females. In the year 1999/2000, FHHs were more poverty stricken compared to MHHs, and the gender headcount difference had fallen to 3% in 2004/2005, but remained at a higher level for both, indicating that poverty is an issue of both MHHs and FHHs.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126369273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Post-2015 agenda: mission impossible? 2015年后议程:不可能完成的任务?

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.943415

J. Vandemoortele

{"title":"Post-2015 agenda: mission impossible?","authors":"J. Vandemoortele","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.943415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.943415","url":null,"abstract":"The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have stirred people and mobilized actors into action to foster human well-being. Most stakeholders want a similar agenda beyond 2015. The article argues that a post-2015 agenda fit for the purpose is not ‘mission impossible’. Yet, it will require that some prerequisites are fulfilled which are currently being circumvented. Most importantly, two vital questions have to be answered regarding the ultimate purpose of global targets and whether the post-2015 agenda will be universal in scope or merely an extension of the existing global deal. Member states will also have to clarify the time horizon of the new agenda, its structure, its level of ambition, the benchmarks to be used, the integration of cross-cutting issues, as well as how to capture growing inequalities. Although they may seem technical in scope, most are political in nature. If stakeholders continue to focus on the list of global targets, the outcome of their negotiations will be either an overloaded agenda or no agenda at all. Each stakeholder has to choose between keeping the DNA of the MDGs intact – i.e. clear, concise, computable – or venturing into genetic modification that risks turning into an unending and fuzzy wish list.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125331657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Poverty in maize growing rural communities of southern Africa 非洲南部种植玉米的农村社区的贫困问题

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.969844

G. Kassie, T. Abate, A. Langyintuo, Debrah Maleni

引用次数: 8

Aid, trade and taboo: the place of indigenous traditional knowledge in development strategies: a Pacific perspective 援助、贸易和禁忌:土著传统知识在发展战略中的地位:太平洋视角

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.909289

S. Farran

{"title":"Aid, trade and taboo: the place of indigenous traditional knowledge in development strategies: a Pacific perspective","authors":"S. Farran","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.909289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.909289","url":null,"abstract":"Pacific island countries (PICs) are examples of some of the least developed nations in the world. To improve their economic performance they are being urged to enter various trade agreements and in general to put in place frameworks to support twenty-first century priorities and international agendas including intellectual property regimes based, primarily, on western models. Yet PICs have long-standing traditional ways of safeguarding ‘intellectual property’. Their traditional perceptions of this tangible and intangible cultural heritage are not always compatible with the models being proposed, both by their own governments and by external agencies with the consequence that initiatives to boost their small island economies may fail to take root among local communities or fail to recognize or protect the various forms of property and resources which are important to them and, in some cases, may have unforeseen adverse consequences. This paper uses examples from PICs to highlight the present failure of national and trans-national intellectual property regimes to adequately acknowledge the different approaches which indigenous people in the region have towards ‘intellectual property’ and consequences that this may have on their development in the current aid for trade environment.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Strange bedfellows? NGO–corporate relations in international development: an NGO perspective 奇怪的伙伴?国际发展中的非政府组织与企业关系:一个非政府组织视角

Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2014.915617

Nuria Molina-Gallart

{"title":"Strange bedfellows? NGO–corporate relations in international development: an NGO perspective","authors":"Nuria Molina-Gallart","doi":"10.1080/21665095.2014.915617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.915617","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly diversified their corporate engagement offering, among other things, research partnerships to develop new products and advice to improve value chains and positively impact on development. These partnerships present new opportunities for NGOs. But opportunities habitually come with risks, and NGOs are frequently ill-equipped to deal with them because they are still using old tools to assess new and more complex realities. If NGOs are to develop relationships with the private sector that are beneficial for both them and the communities they work with, they must bring their systems and policies for private sector engagement up to date with the new realities. This paper examines some of the current weaknesses in NGO–corporate engagement and presents recommendations for improvement that include adopting a much more comprehensive approach that does not only assess risks associated with specific (funding or corporate campaigning) relationships, but also takes stock of the different relative positions of power of the two parties; that acknowledges the vast diversity of actors within the ‘private sector’; and that enables NGOs to have a much more sophisticated understanding of the ‘development footprint’ made by the private sector companies they engage with.","PeriodicalId":273252,"journal":{"name":"Development Studies Research. An Open Access Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115795436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17