{"title":"DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN DENTAL RADIOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"Alenka Matjašič","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2021.i02.a003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2021.i02.a003","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this work was to review published articles in the fi eld of diagnostic reference levels in dental radiology, and to determine which areas have not been covered yet and require further scientifi c studies. The aim was also to determine if there are any dose optimization procedures suggested after DRL establishment. Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed using the Science Direct, PubMed, CINAHL (via EBSCOhost) and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCOhost) databases, following the Cochrane Network study design guidelines. Articles were analysed and presented by author, year of publication, country of origin, technology (e.g. digital radiography, computed radiography and fi lm-screen), radiographic type (e.g. intraoral, panoramic and CBCT), units of measurement and main conclusions for each study. Results: Thirteen scientifi c articles on dose reference values in dental radiology were evaluated. Full-access articles published between 2001 and 2021 were used, and both reviews and original research articles were included. The studies address the defi nition or analysis of DRLs in intraoral and panoramic dental imaging and in dental CBCT imaging. Many studies report results based on diff erent image-receiving systems (e.g. DR, CR and fi lm-screen). The fi lm-screen system yielded the highest dose values of all three systems. All studies reviewed describe DRLs for the adult population, while only four also describe paediatric DRLs. Conclusion: Most EU countries have not yet set national DRLs for dental radiology. Most studies set or revise DRLs at the national level and compare them with guidelines from literature and from similar studies conducted in other countries. Most of these studies observed DRLs in the adult population. DRLs should also be set in the fi eld of dental CBCT imaging, as the use of this technology is rapidly increasing and the dose levels are incomparably higher than in general dental radiography. Keywords: dental radiography, diagnostic reference levels, intraoral imaging, panoramic dental imaging.","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134350330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MRI SAFETY AND MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE PRESENTATION","authors":"Matic Godec, Jani Izlakar, Gasper Podobnik","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2021.i02.a002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2021.i02.a002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: MRI has long been contraindicated in patients with CIED devices due to the risk of adverse eff ects through electromagnetic interference. Recent developments in engineering have led to the introduction of MRI conditional CIED devices that do not cause signifi cant clinical harm to patients undergoing MRI, when specifi c imaging conditions are met. Safe access to MRI has become a crucial need for patients with CIED devices. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of how to manage patients with implanted CIED devices and to present a case report of a patient with CIED undergoing prostate MRI examination. Methods: This paper explores MRI Safety and the management of patients with implanted CIED devices through an extensive literature review and case presentation. The literature search was conducted using medical scientifi c electronic databases such as PubMed, Cinahl, Wiley Online Library and ScienceDirect. We examined a patient with a CIED device undergoing a prostate MRI examination. Results and discussion: We performed an examination of the described patient in accordance to the guidelines presented in this paper. The MR conditionality status was determined using the device identifi cation card and the manufacturer’s technical manual. The MRI examination of the patient was completed without complications; therefore, no adverse eff ects were reported. The MRI images were without artefacts. Conclusion: Recent clinical studies and published guidelines suggest that MRI of the patients with either an MRI conditional or MRI non-conditional CIED device is relatively safe under specifi c conditions. Multidisciplinary pre-procedure planning, a strict screening process, monitoring and device evaluation protocols are of key importance for ensuring safe MRI imaging in patients with CIED.","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127902036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edina Salkić, F. Julardžija, A. Šehić, M. Jusufbegović, A. Sofić, Meris Jusic, Jasmina Bajrović
{"title":"MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE ASSESSMENT OF FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ANOMALIES","authors":"Edina Salkić, F. Julardžija, A. Šehić, M. Jusufbegović, A. Sofić, Meris Jusic, Jasmina Bajrović","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2021.i02.a001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2021.i02.a001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are among the most severe and common anomalies, with an incidence of 1: 100 to 1: 500 in newborns. Depending on the type of anomaly, the diagnosis can only be made at specifi c periods of pregnancy. The prenatal ultrasound (US) is an eff ective primary imaging modality for depicting these anomalies, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method that provides useful confi rmation and resolves any doubts regarding the diagnosis made on prenatal ultrasound. In situations where ultrasound examination is diffi cult, fetal MRI can provide superior information owing to its many advantages. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of prenatal MRI in making an accurate diagnosis and assessment of fetal CNS anomalies after neurosonographic doubt and in detecting additional anomalies that might have been overlooked on ultrasound, which infl uences clinical decision making and anomaly outcomes. Material and methods: For this research, which was designed as a systematic review of the primary scientifi c research literature, numerous articles were used, i.e.17 scientifi c research papers, published in relevant scientifi c research online databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and the same were published in English in the period from 2015 to 2021. Results: From the assessment of the quality of studies with a cohort design, most studies used in this systematic review are high-quality studies (11 in total) and a smaller number are medium-quality studies (6 in total). Out of 575 cases, MRI confi rmed the ultrasound diagnosis and agreed with it in 59.8% of cases, while in 20.2% of cases, it changed the diagnosis, i.e., in 16.5%, it rejected the ultrasound diagnosis. Additional anomalies detected only on MRI occurred in 236/1225 cases, which totals 19.3% of additional anomalies. Termination of pregnancy was reported in 82/317 cases, accounting for 25.9%, while in 176 cases, the pregnancy continued. A total of 11 cases of neonatal death were reported, and the number of stillbirths or deaths after birth was reported in 8 cases. Conclusion: MRI using T2W SSFSE sequences in 3 planes, T1W and DWI in the axial plane, is a complementary modality to prenatal ultrasound in making an accurate diagnosis and assessment of CNS anomalies and detecting associated anomalies previously overlooked on ultrasound. Keywords: fetal magnetic resonance imaging, fetal neurosonography, fetal central nervous system anomalies, prenatal diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115997004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FLASH RADIOTHERAPY AS NEW PERSPECTIVE IN RADIOTHERAPY TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Kuralt Matej, Valerija Žager Marciuš","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2022.i02.a002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2022.i02.a002","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) as a new radiation therapy method, to explain its mechanisms of action, to present possible sources and devices of radiation and to identify its advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT). Methods: Numerous articles were reviewed for this study in a scientific research online database (PubMed) that were published in the last 10 years (2012-2022). We used PRISMA model to simplify our research and we gathered 14 articles that described the basic features of FLASH-RT. Results and Discussion: Most studies have found that FLASH-RT reduces toxicity to healthy tissues adjacent to the tumour. The majority of studies showed the same anti-tumour effect as CONV-RT, some even better. At present, there is a lack of suitable radiation devices for the use of FLASH-RT, and it will be necessary to adapt existing devices. Conclusion: FLASH-RT could be used in highly radioresistant tumours where CONV-RT would cause too much damage to healthy tissue with increase in radiation dose. It could also be useful in tumours where CONV-RT is successful but too toxic for healthy tissue adjacent to the tumour. A lot of research is needed before clinical implementation of FLASH-RT, to find out an optimal: dose rate, dose for different types of cancer and with most favorable effect/toxicity ratio, and technical solution (i.e. radiation source). Keywords: FLASH radiotherapy, conventional radiotherapy, toxicity to healthy tissues, antitumour effect","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image quality in abdominal CT: A comparison of two reconstruction algorithms in Filtered Back Projection (FBP)","authors":"A. Rusandu, Adrian Beck, Atle Hegge, G. Engh","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2022.i02.a001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2022.i02.a001","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the choice of kernel on the image quality in abdominal CT images with focus on liver lesion visibility. Methods: In this comparative study 84 abdominal CT examinations of patients with liver lesions that included parallel series reconstructed with two different kernels (B30 and B45) were analyzed. The subjective assessment of image quality was performed using visual grading analysis based on anatomical criteria, liver lesion visibility and perceived image quality. Objective image quality was assessed by measurements of Hounsfield unit (HU) values (average and standard deviation) in abdominal organs and calculations of contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR). Results: B30 kernel performed significantly better than B45 in all criteria except for sharpness. The most considerable improvement of the image quality was in terms of subjective experienced image noise, overall diagnostic image quality and visually sharp reproduction of liver lesions. The physical measurements showed that CNR increased by up to 46% when using B30. Conclusions: Using a B30 kernel algorithm for image reconstruction reduces noise and by that improves image quality and diagnostic accuracy significantly when compared to B45.","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126386186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MRI findings in serous atrophy of bone marrow in spinal imaging","authors":"A. Breznik, Tomaž Zakrajšek, B. Turk","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2022.i02.a003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2022.i02.a003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Serous atrophy of bone marrow (SABM) is a rare, and potentially reversible, cause of diffuse look, irregular bone marrow and subcutaneous adipose tissue appearances on magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). SABM has also been named gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GTMB) or ‘starvation marrow’. Purpose: The aim of the article is to represent a case report of ‘flip-flop’ phenomenon in SABM and GTBM pathology. Material and methods: This case report highlights an unexpected image appearance of an occurrence ‘flip-flop’ effect which is characteristic in the condition of serous atrophy of bone marrow (SABM). The literature search was conducted using medical scientific electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Results / Case Study: An 44-year old man was appointed for an MRI examination. MRI images result like a technical failure, but are actually a specific imaging pattern related to the clinical problem. For clarity of unexpected images appearances, the radiographer repeated scans on a second vendor of MRI machine, but there still was the same appearance, like on the first scanner. The result of the literature review and the characteristics indicate We describe an example of the »flipflop« phenomenon in SABM and GTBM. Discussion and Conclusion: Serous atrophy or gelatinous malformations of bone marrow is not a normal disease, but indicates an underlying illness that starves the bone marrow, particularly the fatty marrow. We describe a case report of ‘flip flop’ phenomenon in SABM and GTBM pathology, where MRI images result like a technical failure, but are actually a specific imaging pattern related to the clinical problem.","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123452258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF CEREBROVASCULAR INSULT FREQUENCY\u0000IN EMERGENCY PATIENTS AT THE CLINICAL HOSPITAL\u0000CENTRE RIJEKA","authors":"Lara Kragulj, Maja Karić, L. Tkalčić, A. Božanić","doi":"10.47724/mirtj.2021.i01.a003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47724/mirtj.2021.i01.a003","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cerebrovascular stroke is defi ned as a sudden\u0000focal neurologic defi cit caused by cerebrovascular disease\u0000lasting longer than 24 hours. Cerebrovascular insult (CVI)\u0000is divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic. Along with heart\u0000disease and malignancies, cerebrovascular disease is the most\u0000common cause of mortality and disability in the modern\u0000world, attributing to this disease being the leading cause of\u0000disability across the globe. Diagnosis and identifi cation of the\u0000type of stroke requires imaging examination with computed\u0000tomography. A detailed history and imaging usually rule out\u0000the impersonation of a stroke. Computed tomography (CT) is\u0000one of the fi rst diagnostic modalities used to image the brain\u0000to identify the diff erence between ischemic and hemorrhagic\u0000stroke. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to estimate\u0000the incidence of cerebrovascular insult in patients who\u0000underwent CT brain examination in the Clinical Department\u0000\u0000of Radiology at Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC) Rijeka in the\u0000period from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020.\u0000Materials and methods: During this period, 255 data sets\u0000from patients' medical records were anonymously collected.\u0000The data search included patients who underwent CT of the\u0000brain with a clinical question about CVI.\u0000Results: The data analysis at CHC Rijeka showed that the\u0000incidence of CVI is slightly higher in the male population. It is\u0000commonly diagnosed in the population of 81-90 years. About\u0000half of the patients with suspected CVI had normal CT fi ndings.\u0000Conclusion: These results could serve as a guideline for targeting\u0000groups in preventive healthcare interventions and education.\u0000Keywords: computed tomography, cerebrovascular insult,\u0000ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke","PeriodicalId":271343,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY JOURNAL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}