Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications最新文献

Defining data-driven analytical methods on improving energy-efficiency in apartment buildings 定义数据驱动的分析方法以提高公寓楼的能源效率

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08209

Timo Ruohomäki, Andreas Andra, K. Raivio

引用次数: 0

Terrestrial and Satellite-based Positioning and Navigation Systems – A Review with a Regional and Global Perspective 地面和卫星定位和导航系统——区域和全球视角的回顾

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08262

A. Bhardwaj

{"title":"Terrestrial and Satellite-based Positioning and Navigation Systems – A Review with a Regional and Global Perspective","authors":"A. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08262","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite-based navigation techniques have revolutionized modern-day surveying with unprecedented accuracies along with the traditional and terrestrial-based navigation techniques. However, the satellite-based techniques gain popularity due to their ease and availability. The position and attitude sensors mounted on satellites, aerial, and ground-based platforms as well as different types of equipment play a vital role in remote sensing providing navigation and data. The presented review in this paper describes the terrestrial (LORAN-C, Omega, Alpha, Chayka) and satellite-based systems with their major features and peculiar applications. The regional and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can provide the position of a static object or a moving object i.e., in Kinematic mode. The GNSS systems include the NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System (NAVSTAR GPS), of the United States of America (USA); the Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System, GLONASS), of Russia; BEIDOU, of China; and GALILEO, of the European Union (EU). Among the initial satellite-based regional navigation systems included are the TRANSIT of the US and TSYKLON of what was then the USSR which became operational in the 1960s. Regional systems developed in the last decade include the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). Currently, these global and regional satellite-based systems provide their services with accuracies of the order of 10–20 m using the trilateration method of surveying for civil use. The terrestrial and satellite-based augmented systems (SBAS) were further developed along with different surveying techniques to improve the accuracies up to centimeters or millimeter levels for precise applications.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An IoT and Blockchain based System for Monitoring and Tracking Real-time Occupancy for COVID-19 Public Safety 基于物联网和区块链的COVID-19公共安全实时入住率监测和跟踪系统

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08207

T. Fernández-Caramés, Iván Froiz-Míguez, P. Fraga-Lamas

{"title":"An IoT and Blockchain based System for Monitoring and Tracking Real-time Occupancy for COVID-19 Public Safety","authors":"T. Fernández-Caramés, Iván Froiz-Míguez, P. Fraga-Lamas","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08207","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought several limitations regarding physical distancing in order to reduce the interactions among large groups that could have prolonged close contact. For health reasons, such physical distancing requirements should be guaranteed in private and public spaces. In Spain, occupancy is restricted by law but, in practice, certain spaces may become overcrowded, existing law infringements in places that rely on occupancy estimations that are not accurate enough. For instance, although the number of passengers who enter a public transportation service is known, it is difficult to determine the actual occupancy of such a vehicle, since it is commonly unknown when and where passengers descend. Despite a number of counting systems existing, they are either prone to counting errors in overcrowded scenarios or require the active involvement of the people to be counted (e.g., going through a lathe or tapping a card when entering or exiting a monitored area) or of a person who manages the entering/exit process. This paper presents a novel IoT occupancy system that allows estimating in real time the people occupancy level of public spaces such as buildings, classrooms, businesses or moving transportation vehicles. The proposed system is based on autonomous wireless devices that, after powering them on, do not need active actions from the passengers/users and require a minimum amount of infrastructure. The system does not collect any personal information to ensure user privacy and includes a decentralized traceability subsystem based on blockchain, which guarantees the availability, security and immutability of the collected information. Such data will be shared among smart city stakeholders to ensure public safety and then deliver transparent decision-making based on data-driven analysis and planning.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Adaptation and Selection techniques based on Deep Learning for Human Activity Recognition using Inertial Sensors 基于深度学习的惯性传感器人体活动识别自适应选择技术

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08159

M. Gil-Martín, José Antúnez-Durango, R. San-Segundo

{"title":"Adaptation and Selection techniques based on Deep Learning for Human Activity Recognition using Inertial Sensors","authors":"M. Gil-Martín, José Antúnez-Durango, R. San-Segundo","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08159","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning techniques have been widely applied to Human Activity Recognition (HAR), but a specific challenge appears when HAR systems are trained and tested with different subjects. Each user presents different patterns when performing several physical activities, so HAR systems should adapt the activity models trained with some users’ data to new subjects. This paper describes and evaluates several techniques based on deep learning algorithms for adapting and selecting the training data used to generate a HAR system using accelerometer recordings. This paper proposes two alternatives to adapt and select the training data: autoencoders and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Both alternatives are based on deep neural networks including convolutional layers for feature extraction and fully-connected layers for classification. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used as a transformation of acceleration data to provide an appropriate input data to the deep neural network. This study has used acceleration recordings from hand, chest and ankle sensors included in the PAMAP2 dataset. This is a public dataset including recordings from nine subjects while performing 12 activities such as walking, running, sitting, ascending stairs or ironing. The evaluation has been performed using a Leave-One-Subject-Out cross-validation: all recordings from a subject are used as testing subset and recordings from the rest subjects are used as training subset. The obtained results suggest that strategies using autoencoders to adapt training data to test data improve the general performance. Moreover, training data selection algorithms with autoencoders also provide improvements. The GAN approach, using the discriminator module, provides a significant improvement in adaptation experiments.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Comprehensive optimization of the tripolar concentric ring electrode with respect to the accuracy of Laplacian estimation based on the finite dimensions model of the electrode 基于电极有限维模型的三极同心环电极拉普拉斯估计精度的综合优化

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08167

O. Makeyev

{"title":"Comprehensive optimization of the tripolar concentric ring electrode with respect to the accuracy of Laplacian estimation based on the finite dimensions model of the electrode","authors":"O. Makeyev","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08167","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization performed in this study is based on the finite dimensions model of the concentric ring electrode as opposed to the negligible dimensions model widely used in the past. This makes the optimization problem comprehensive since all of the electrode parameters, including, for the first time, the radius of the central disc and individual widths of concentric rings, are optimized simultaneously. The optimization criterion used is maximizing the accuracy of the surface Laplacian estimation since the ability to estimate the Laplacian at each electrode constitutes the primary biomedical significance of concentric ring electrodes. Even though the obtained results and derived principles defining optimal electrode configurations are illustrated on tripolar (two concentric rings) electrodes, they were also confirmed for quadripolar (three rings) and pentapolar (four rings) electrodes and are likely to continue to hold for any higher number of concentric rings. For tripolar concentric ring electrodes, the optimal configuration was compared to previously proposed, linearly increasing inter-ring distances and constant inter-ring distances in configurations of the same size and based on the same finite dimensions model of the electrode. The obtained results suggest that previously proposed configurations correspond to almost two-fold and more than three-fold increases in Laplacian estimation error, respectively, compared to the optimal configuration proposed in this study.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Node Distribution Optimization in Positioning Sensor Networks through Memetic Algorithms in Urban Scenarios 基于模因算法的城市场景定位传感器网络节点分布优化

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08220

P. Verde, Rubén Ferrero-Guillén, R. Álvarez, Javier Díez-González, H. Pérez

{"title":"Node Distribution Optimization in Positioning Sensor Networks through Memetic Algorithms in Urban Scenarios","authors":"P. Verde, Rubén Ferrero-Guillén, R. Álvarez, Javier Díez-González, H. Pérez","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08220","url":null,"abstract":"Local Positioning Systems (LPS) are dependent on environmental characteristics, requiring an ad-hoc node deployment for each particular scenario of application for achieving practical results. Nonetheless, this Node Location Problem (NLP) has been assigned as NP-Hard, thus the application of heuristic algorithms is recommended for obtaining adequate solutions. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are widespread throughout the literature for solving NP-Hard combinatorial problems such as the NLP. However, GAs require the adjustment of a considerable amount of hyperparameters and can be easily compromised by premature convergence into local maximums. Therefore, in this paper, an approach based on local search methodologies, along with the GA optimization, is proposed. For this task, we apply a Memetic Algorithm based on a pseudo fitness function for reducing the problem complexity which analyses the neighboring solutions and introduces information into the optimization process. The exhaustive examination in a reduced space of solutions of this combination is idoneous for particularly adverse scenarios, thus improving the base optimization of the GA. We also perform a comparison of our method with different literature optimizations. Finally, we study the performance of the Memetic Algorithm (MA) proposed for different application scenarios, proving the effectiveness of our approach for irregular outdoor and urban context in which Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions are considered.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128318382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Wafer Level Packaged CMOS-SOI-MEMS Thermal Sensor at Wide Pressure Range for IoT Applications 用于物联网应用的圆片级封装CMOS-SOI-MEMS热传感器

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08191

Moshe Avraham, G. Golan, M. Vaiana, G. Bruno, M. E. Castagna, S. Stolyarova, Tanya Blank, Y. Nemirovsky

{"title":"Wafer Level Packaged CMOS-SOI-MEMS Thermal Sensor at Wide Pressure Range for IoT Applications","authors":"Moshe Avraham, G. Golan, M. Vaiana, G. Bruno, M. E. Castagna, S. Stolyarova, Tanya Blank, Y. Nemirovsky","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08191","url":null,"abstract":"Wafer-level processed and wafer-level packaged low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal sensors are required for a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) and wearables applications. Recently, a new generation of uncooled thermal sensors based on CMOS-SOI-MEMS technology has emerged, with higher performance compared to commercial thermal sensors (bolometers, thermopiles, and pyroelectric sensors). The technology is implemented in commercial CMOS FABs and is, therefore, based on mature technology and implemented at a low cost. When packaged in a high vacuum, the sensors are dubbed TMOS and are applied for uncooled IR radiation. At atmospheric pressure, the sensors may function as gas sensors, dubbed GMOS. This paper focuses on the study of the thermal performance of wafer-level processed and packaged TMOS and GMOS sensors, where the pressure varies between high vacuum (0.01 Pa) and atmospheric pressure. The present study is based on analytical thermal modeling for gaining physical insight, 3D simulation is performed by ANSYS software, and finally, the measurements of the packaged devices are compared with the modeling and simulations.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134041689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technical and Economic Viability Analysis of Optical Fiber Sensors for Monitoring Industrial Bioreactors 用于工业生物反应器监测的光纤传感器技术经济可行性分析

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08161

M. Soares, T. Cabral, B. Mendes, Vitor Anastacio da Silva, E. Tambourgi, E. Fujiwara

{"title":"Technical and Economic Viability Analysis of Optical Fiber Sensors for Monitoring Industrial Bioreactors","authors":"M. Soares, T. Cabral, B. Mendes, Vitor Anastacio da Silva, E. Tambourgi, E. Fujiwara","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08161","url":null,"abstract":"Bioreactors are employed in several industries, such as pharmaceutics, energy, biomedic and food. To ensure the proper operation of these bioreactors, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) systems are commonly used. Although ELISA and HPLC provide very precise results, they are incapable of real-time monitoring and present high operational costs. Given this context, in this work, we discuss the technical and economic viability of implementing fiber optics-based monitoring systems in lieu of traditional ELISA and HPLC systems. We selected fed-batch ethanol fermentative systems for our analysis, as the fed-batch mode is not only prevalent in different fermentative industries, but ethanol production represents a major sector of the Brazilian economy, with annual production in excess of 35 billion liters. Then, a simple fiber sensing system for measuring the refractive index of the fermentation broth, capable of real-time monitoring the fermentation process, is proposed and the advantages of the real-time process control are discussed. Afterward, we present the long-term economic gains of implementing such a system. We estimate that, by using readily commercially available components, the typical Brazilian ethanol plants will see a return for their investment in a time as short as 50 days, with a 5-year Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 742%/year by setting up a fiber-optic monitoring system over HPLC. With the provided list of components, these numbers can be easily adjusted for industries worldwide, providing incredibly attractive economic prospects.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121154222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of the different crystallinity of ionic liquid based solid polymer electrolyte on the performance of amperometric gas sensor 离子液体基固体聚合物电解质不同结晶度对安培式气体传感器性能的影响

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08166

P. Sedlák, P. Kuberský, A. Gajdoš, J. Majzner, V. Sedlakova, R. Macků, V. Holcman

引用次数: 0

Real-time concrete crack detection and instance segmentation using deep transfer learning 基于深度迁移学习的实时混凝土裂缝检测和实例分割

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/ecsa-7-08260

L. Piyathilaka, D. Preethichandra, U. Izhar, G. Kahandawa

{"title":"Real-time concrete crack detection and instance segmentation using deep transfer learning","authors":"L. Piyathilaka, D. Preethichandra, U. Izhar, G. Kahandawa","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08260","url":null,"abstract":"Cracks on concrete infrastructure are one of the early indications of structural degradation which needs to be identified early as possible to carry out early preventive measures to avoid further damage. In this paper, we propose to use YOLACT: a real-time instance segmentation algorithm for automatic concrete crack detection. This deep learning algorithm is used with transfer learning to train the YOLACT network to identify and localize cracks with their corresponding masks which can be used to identify each crack instance. The transfer learning techniques allowed us to train the network on a relatively small dataset of 500 crack images. To train the YOLACT network, we created a dataset with ground-truth masks from images collected from publicly available datasets. We evaluated the trained YOLACT model for concrete crack detection with ResNet-50 and ResNet-101 backbone architectures for both precision and speed of detection. The trained model achieved high mAP results with real-time frame rates when tested on concrete crack images on a single GPU. The YOLACT algorithm was able to correctly segment multiple cracks with individual instance level masks with high localization accuracy.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127974185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9