Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Breath sounds as a biomarker for screening infectious lung diseases","authors":"Harini Senthilnathan, Parijat Deshpande, B. Rai","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08200","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic monitoring of breath sounds is essential for early screening of obstructive upper respiratory tract infections, such as inflammation of the airway typically caused by viruses. As an immediate first step, there is a need to detect abnormalities in breath sounds. The adult average male lung capacity is approximately 6 liters and the manifestation of pulmonary diseases, unfortunately, remains undetected until their advanced stages when the disease manifests into severe conditions. Additionally, such rapidly progressing conditions, which arise due to viral infections that need to be detected via adventitious breath sounds to take immediate therapeutic action, demand frequent monitoring. These tests are usually conducted by a trained physician by means of a stethoscope, which requires an in-person visit to the hospital. During a pandemic situation such as COVID-19, it is difficult to provide periodic screening of large volumes of people with the existing medical infrastructure. Fortunately, smartphones are ubiquitous, and even developing countries with skewed doctor-to-patient ratios typically have a smartphone in every household. With this technology accessibility in mind, we present a smartphone-based solution that monitors breath sounds from the user via the in-built microphone of their smartphone and our Artificial Intelligence (AI) -based anomaly detection engine. The presented automated classifier for abnormal breathing sounds is able to detect abnormalities in the early stages of respiratory dysfunctions with respect to their individual normal baseline vesicular breath sounds, with an accuracy of 95%, and it can flag them, and thus enhances the possibility of early detection.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116364417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical aspects of acoustic leaky-wave antennas applied to underwater direction finding","authors":"Ivan Felis-Enguix, Jorge Otero-Vega, María Campo-Valera, I. Villó-Pérez, J. Gómez-Tornero","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08218","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic leaky-wave antennas (ALWAs) have demonstrated the capacity to steer directive sound waves in frequency-dependent directions, due to the inherent dispersive radiation characteristic of leaky modes. Compared to more conventional uniform linear array (ULA) acoustic traducers for electronic beam steering (which rely on multiple sensors), the ALWA allows for single microphone operation. Thus, ALWAs offer a direct mechanism to scan a directive acoustic beam in the angular space by simply sweeping the operating frequency of the acoustic signal, which envisions cost-efficient single-transducer direction finders for SONAR applications. In this paper, we study for the first time some important features of an ALWA for acoustic underwater Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation applications. First, we report for the first time on the necessity to shape the radiated ALWA beams in both far- and near-field zones to improve the DoA estimation performance, following similar techniques recently applied for low-cost frequency-scanned direction-finding radars based on LWAs. Furthermore, the capacity to reduce the Side Lobe Level (SLL) has been analyzed in order to improve performance, demonstrating aperture tapering techniques to the ALWA for the first time. These acoustic behaviour aspects have a considerable interest in real applications of ALWA in innovative SONAR systems for underwater scenarios.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115526634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the sensor temperature on low acetone concentration detection using AlGaN/GaN HEMTs","authors":"A. Ahaitouf, Y. Halfaya, S. Sundaram, S. Gautier, P. Voss, J. Salvestrini, A. Ougazzaden","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08193","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report on AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensors for acetone concentration below 100ppm and in a broad range of the sensor temperature varying from RT to 300 ∘C. At RT, in the presence of acetone, a smooth and monotonic decrease of the current is observed with a rather large response of 15A/ppm and with a large response time (several minutes) and memory effect. At a high temperature (300 ∘C), a current decrease is first observed just after the acetone injection, then followed by an increase, which saturates and stabilizes at a constant value. In order to clarify this unexpected behaviour, a detailed study of the sensor response versus the temperature and acetone injection flow is carried out. The outcome of this investigation is that a competition between the current variations induced by both the sensor and gas flow temperature difference from one side and the acetone dipolar moment from the other side can explain this transient. Our study highlights that AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based sensors allow for very sensitive acetone detection at both room and high temperatures. Nevertheless, care must be taken during the characterization and operation of such sensors especially at high operating temperatures. On the other hand, the high temperature operation helps to improve the sensor response and suppress the memory effect.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114610092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Hotspots and Performance Deteriotations in PV modules under Partial Shading Conditions using Infrared Thermography","authors":"O. E. Ikejiofor, Yeboah Emmanuel Asuamah, H. Njoku, S. Enibe","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08201","url":null,"abstract":": Operating photovoltaic (PV) modules are frequently shaded by nearby structures, vegetation, droppings, etc., and this reduces the effective incident solar radiation received by the modules. Shading also reduces the power output of PV modules and, under certain conditions, causes the formation of hotspots. In this study, a wide variety of partial shading scenarios were investigated to evaluate their effects on the output current, voltage and efficiencies, and hotspot formation in mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline PV modules operating under the ambient conditions experienced in Nsukka, Nigeria. Sixteen shading cases were considered, including 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the modules’ surface areas shaded parallel to the long sides, parallel to the short sides, diagonally and randomly. Test ambient conditions, module outputs and surface thermal patterns were simultaneously monitored using a digital solarimeter, multimeter and infrared thermal imager, respectively. The outputs of the modules decreased to almost zero when as little as 40% of the module surfaces were shaded, with the reductions in performance being more severe in the mono-crystalline modules than in the poly-crystalline modules. The infrared thermography revealed the thermal patterns under the different shading conditions and showed that the random shading of the modules was the most likely to result in hotspots.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125431900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of hand gestures by a smartphone-based optical fiber force myography sensor","authors":"M. S. Rodrigues, Pedro M. Lazari, M. Soares, E. Fujiwara","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08178","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a smartphone-integrated, optical fiber sensor based on the force myography technique (FMG), which characterizes the stimuli of the forearm muscles in terms of mechanical pressures, was proposed for the identification of hand gestures. The device’s flashlight excites a pair of polymer optical fibers and the output signals are detected by the camera. The light intensity is modulated through wearable, force-driven microbending transducers placed in the forearm and the acquired optical signals are processed by an algorithm based on decision trees and residual error. The sensor provided a hit rate of 87% regarding four postures, yielding reliable performance with a simple, portable, and low-cost setup embedded on a smartphone.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121992944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a WSN-based IIoT Monitoring System within the Workshop of a Solar Protection Curtains Company","authors":"Aitor Biurrun, I. Picallo, H. Klaina, P. López-Iturri, A. Alejos, L. Azpilicueta, A. B. Socorro, F. Falcone","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08202","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the implementation of automated manufacturing processes within a wide variety of industrial environments is not understood without the Industry 4.0 concept and the context-aware possibilities given by the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In this sense, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a key role due to their inherent mobility, ease of deployment and maintenance, scalability and low power consumption, among others. This work proposes the deployment and optimization of a WSN in the facilities of the Galeo Enrollables Company, located in Navarre (Spain), in order to optimize the manufacturing processes of technical curtains. For that purpose, radio propagation measurements as well as 3D Ray Launching simulations have been performed in order to characterize the wireless channel of this harsh industrial environment. Then, low cost sensors and actuators have been selected to prepare different wireless motes in order to deploy them on different machines/workstations present within the scenario. The information gathered by the motes is then transmitted to a central node, which conditions the data for input into the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122518438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data Cleaning Approach for a Structural Health Monitoring System in a 75 MW Electric Arc Ferronickel Furnace","authors":"Jaiber Camacho‐Olarte, Julian Esteban Barrera Torres, Daniel Alfonso Garavito Jimenez, Jersson X. Leon Medina, R. C. G. Vargas, D. Cardenas, Camilo Gutierrez-Osorio, B. Rueda, Whilmar Vargas, Diego Alexander Tibaduiza Burgos, C. Bonilla, Jorge Ivan Sofrony Esmeral, Felipe Restrepo-Calle","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08245","url":null,"abstract":"Within a model of scientific and technical cooperation between the smelting company Cerro Matoso S.A. (CMSA) and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL), a project was developed in order to take advantage of the data that were obtained from a sensor network in a ferronickel electric arc furnace at CMSA to improve the structural health monitoring process. Through this sensor network, online data are obtained on the temperature measurement along the refractory lining of the electric furnace, as well as heat fluxes and chemical characterization of the minerals on each stage of the process. These data are stored in a local database, which stores several years of historical data with valuable information for control and analysis purposes. These data reflect the behavior of the industrial process and can be used in the development of machine learning models to predict some of the electric arc furnace operation parameters, and thus improve the decision-making process. Currently, most of the data are analyzed by the experts of the structural control department, but, due to the large amount of data, the development of analytical tools is necessary to support their work. This paper proposes a data cleaning approach for improving data quality by creating a set of rules and filters based on both expert judgment and best practices in data quality. A statistical analysis was also carried out in order to detect variables with anomalies and outliers, which do not reflect real operation parameters and belong to anomalous data that should not be considered for modelling. With the proposed process, the quality of the data was improved and abnormal data were eliminated in order to consolidate a clean data set for later use in the development of machine learning models. This work contributes on understanding data cleansing rules that must be considered in order to reflect the real behavior of the electric furnace operation for further analysis and modeling tasks.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122218346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sons al balcó: Soundscape map of the Confinement in Catalonia","authors":"R. Alsina-Pagès, Ferran Orga, R. Mallol, M. Freixes, Xavier Baño, M. Foraster","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08180","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, we aim to study the effect that the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused on the perception of noise in Catalonia. In Sons al Balco, the research activities cohabit with the dynamic collaboration with citizens and other stakeholders to create social and environmental impact, to widen awareness and design tools to improve citizenship development and empowerment. The initial scientific hypothesis is that the annoyance coming from outdoor noise, minimized by the lockdown effect, could be associated with better perception of the soundscape by people. Sons al Balco allows validating this hypothesis in two different ways. On the one hand, by means of subjective questionnaires conducted to people living in pre-defined diverse acoustic areas (urban, suburban and rural environments), and on the other hand, by the use of objective measurements of the noise levels, and the study of the soundscape in these areas, using short pieces of video collected by citizens. For this purpose, we designed an on line test to be conducted by any citizen aiming to contribute to this wide study for all the territory of Catalonia, both from rural areas and from cities. A communication campaign was conducted to reach a significant participation. During the lockdown, more than 350 questionnaires and videos were collected, and a first map of the soundscape of the confinement in Catalonia was depicted.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124900690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence Of Plasticizers On Determination of Cationic Surfactants In Pharmaceutical Disinfectants By Direct Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor","authors":"M. Karnaš, Marija Jozanović, B. Đurin, N. Sakač","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08248","url":null,"abstract":"Ion selective liquid membrane type membranes are usually made of a PVC, ionophore and a plasticizer. Plasticizers soften the PVC but due to their lipophilicity they influence the ionophore, the ion exchange across the membrane, membrane resistance and consequently the analytical signal. The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of four different plasticizers, in formulation with the same ionophore, on the analytical properties of the sensor membrane towards two often used cationic surfactants, then select the best membrane formulation and test it on real samples of six pharmaceutical disinfectants containing cationic surfactants.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132341547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Early Damage Detection by Time Series Analysis and Deep Neural Network to Deal with Output-Only (Big) Data","authors":"A. Entezami, H. Sarmadi, S. Mariani","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-7-08281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08281","url":null,"abstract":"Dealing with complex engineering problems characterized by Big Data, particularly in structural engineering, has recently received considerable attention due to its high societal importance. Data-driven structural health monitoring (SHM) methods aim at assessing the structural state and detecting any adverse change caused by damage, so as to guarantee structural safety and serviceability. These methods rely on statistical pattern recognition, which provides opportunities to implement a long-term SHM strategy by processing measured vibration data. However, the successful implementation of the data-driven SHM strategies when Big Data are to be processed is still a challenging issue, since the procedures of feature extraction and/or feature classification may end up being time-consuming and complex. To enhance the current damage detection procedures, in this work we propose an unsupervised learning method based on time series analysis, deep learning and the Mahalanobis distance metric for feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and classification. The main novelty of this strategy is the simultaneous dealing with the significant issue of Big Data analytics for damage detection, and distinguishing damage states from the undamaged one in an unsupervised learning manner. Large-scale datasets relevant to a cable-stayed bridge have been handled to validate the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven approach. Results have shown that the approach is highly successful in detecting early damage, even when Big Data are to be processed.","PeriodicalId":270652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}