An IoT and Blockchain based System for Monitoring and Tracking Real-time Occupancy for COVID-19 Public Safety

T. Fernández-Caramés, Iván Froiz-Míguez, P. Fraga-Lamas
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought several limitations regarding physical distancing in order to reduce the interactions among large groups that could have prolonged close contact. For health reasons, such physical distancing requirements should be guaranteed in private and public spaces. In Spain, occupancy is restricted by law but, in practice, certain spaces may become overcrowded, existing law infringements in places that rely on occupancy estimations that are not accurate enough. For instance, although the number of passengers who enter a public transportation service is known, it is difficult to determine the actual occupancy of such a vehicle, since it is commonly unknown when and where passengers descend. Despite a number of counting systems existing, they are either prone to counting errors in overcrowded scenarios or require the active involvement of the people to be counted (e.g., going through a lathe or tapping a card when entering or exiting a monitored area) or of a person who manages the entering/exit process. This paper presents a novel IoT occupancy system that allows estimating in real time the people occupancy level of public spaces such as buildings, classrooms, businesses or moving transportation vehicles. The proposed system is based on autonomous wireless devices that, after powering them on, do not need active actions from the passengers/users and require a minimum amount of infrastructure. The system does not collect any personal information to ensure user privacy and includes a decentralized traceability subsystem based on blockchain, which guarantees the availability, security and immutability of the collected information. Such data will be shared among smart city stakeholders to ensure public safety and then deliver transparent decision-making based on data-driven analysis and planning.
基于物联网和区块链的COVID-19公共安全实时入住率监测和跟踪系统
COVID-19大流行在保持身体距离方面带来了一些限制,以减少可能长时间密切接触的大群体之间的互动。出于健康原因,在私人和公共场所都应保证这种保持身体距离的要求。在西班牙,入住率是受法律限制的,但在实践中,某些空间可能变得过于拥挤,现有的法律违反了依赖于入住率估计不够准确的地方。例如,虽然进入公共交通服务的乘客人数是已知的,但很难确定这种车辆的实际占用情况,因为通常不知道乘客何时何地下车。尽管现有许多计数系统,但它们要么在拥挤的情况下容易出现计数错误,要么需要被计数人员的积极参与(例如,在进出监控区域时通过车床或刷卡),要么需要管理进出过程的人员。本文提出了一种新的物联网占用系统,可以实时估计建筑物、教室、企业或移动交通工具等公共空间的人员占用水平。拟议的系统基于自主无线设备,在通电后,不需要乘客/用户的主动操作,只需要最少的基础设施。该系统不收集任何个人信息,确保用户隐私,并包含基于区块链的分散可追溯子系统,保证收集信息的可用性、安全性和不可变性。这些数据将在智慧城市的利益相关者之间共享,以确保公共安全,然后根据数据驱动的分析和规划提供透明的决策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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