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Assessing the Nigerian Federal Government’s Financial Commitments to Its Education Rights Obligations 评估尼日利亚联邦政府对其教育权利义务的财政承诺
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.4236/me.2020.112035
C. Onyimadu
{"title":"Assessing the Nigerian Federal Government’s Financial Commitments to Its Education Rights Obligations","authors":"C. Onyimadu","doi":"10.4236/me.2020.112035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2020.112035","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides insights on the (mis)match between the Federal Government’s \u0000Appropriations for education in relation to fulfilling its obligations towards \u0000education rights. Using budgeted expenditure on education from 2016 to 2018, \u0000the paper found that the Federal Government’s financial commitments have not \u0000shown progressive achievements in meeting up with its education obligations. \u0000Also, in making use of available resources, priority has leaned towards non-Economic, Social and Cultural rights over education rights. The paper \u0000advocated action plans for both the legislature and civil society that borders \u0000on policy review pressure for equitable funding of all levels of education and \u0000possible litigation.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122082779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Public Expenditure 人力资本、经济增长与公共支出
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3516506
C. Bethencourt, Fernando Perera-Tallo
{"title":"Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Public Expenditure","authors":"C. Bethencourt, Fernando Perera-Tallo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3516506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3516506","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the weak empirical relationship between human capital and macroeconomic performance, we present a model in which human capital is allocated to three activities: production, tax collection (bureaucracy), and public education. The effective tax rate is low in poor countries because tax collection requires human capital, which is scarce. Throughout the transition, the effective tax rate rises, which involves a diversion of human capital from production to bureaucracy and public education. Consequently, human capital has a weak effect on production, even when human capital is efficiently allocated. Differences in institutional quality may involve a spurious negative correlation between gross domestic product and human capital.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133109633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Higher Education and the School-Work Mismatch in an Evolving Labor Market 不断变化的劳动力市场中的高等教育与学校-工作错配
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3515345
Véronique de Rugy, J. Salmon
{"title":"Higher Education and the School-Work Mismatch in an Evolving Labor Market","authors":"Véronique de Rugy, J. Salmon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3515345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3515345","url":null,"abstract":"In relation to an evolving labor market, the main focus of this paper is to examine whether the traditional model of higher education is effectively matching graduate skills to labor market demand. In light of a growing student debt burden and proposals for significant expansions in higher education funding aid, this paper also assesses the orthodox view that a traditional college education is a human capital investment that yields a growing college wage premium. The paper reviews the existing literature on the school-work skills mismatch and concludes that there may be a need to rethink higher education policies to prepare future generations for an increasingly dynamic and evolving labor market.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130373298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Strategic Grade Retention 策略性保留职系
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3519803
Maximilian Bach
{"title":"Strategic Grade Retention","authors":"Maximilian Bach","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3519803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3519803","url":null,"abstract":"Most school systems grant teachers and school principals considerable discretion in grade retention decisions. This paper argues that schools can exploit this discretion by selectively retaining students to reduce class size which potentially has important implications for public spending on education and affected students. To this end, I build a model in which class size is subject to a class size cap, with teachers and school principals determining the share of students to be retained. This leads to a set of empirical predictions that can be tested with minimal data requirements. Testing these predictions using administrative data for German primary schools yields strong evidence of schools strategically using grade retention to reduce class size.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121641636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Causal Impact Of Performance-Based Funding On University Performance: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From A Policy In Russian Higher Education 基于绩效的资助对大学绩效的因果影响:来自俄罗斯高等教育政策的准实验证据
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3499477
T. Agasisti, Ekaterina Abalmasova, E. Shibanova, A. Egorov
{"title":"The Causal Impact Of Performance-Based Funding On University Performance: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From A Policy In Russian Higher Education","authors":"T. Agasisti, Ekaterina Abalmasova, E. Shibanova, A. Egorov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3499477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499477","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In most countries implementing structural transformations in their higher education systems, a key goal of policymakers is to tie the amount of public funding to university performance. The present article analyses the Russian performance-based funding (PBF) reform to provide a quasi-experimental assessment of its effects on university performance. To evaluate the causal effect of PBF on university performance, we define the treatment and control groups by distinguishing universities on the basis of changes in their performance-based allocations and estimate the causal effect of the redistribution of public funds between universities as a result of PBF. Results indicate that the performance of universities is indeed affected by the extra funding generated by the reform, although heterogeneity is also at play. In the short term, the new policy has had an impact on the average national exam scores of enrollees showing that it has had encouraged universities to be more selective.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116876002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Effect of Course Shutouts on Community College Students: Evidence from Waitlist Cutoffs 停课对社区大学生的影响:来自候补名单切断的证据
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26376
Silvia Robles, Max Gross, R. W. Fairlie
{"title":"The Effect of Course Shutouts on Community College Students: Evidence from Waitlist Cutoffs","authors":"Silvia Robles, Max Gross, R. W. Fairlie","doi":"10.3386/w26376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26376","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One frequently cited yet understudied channel through which funding levels impact college students is course availability—colleges are often forced to respond to budgetary pressure by reducing course offerings. We provide the first causal evidence on this mechanism at a community college, using administrative course registration data and a novel research design that exploits discontinuities in course admissions created by waitlists. Community colleges enroll about half of U.S. undergraduates and over half of minority students in public colleges. The impacts of course availability in this setting may be especially salient relative to four-year colleges due to open admissions policies, binding class size constraints, and a heavy reliance on state funding. Across a range of bandwidths, we find that students stuck on a waitlist and shut out of a course section were 22–28 percent more likely to take zero courses that term relative to a baseline of about 10 percent. Shutouts also increased transfer rates to nearby, but potentially less-desirable two-year colleges. These results offer some evidence that course availability can disrupt community college students’ educational trajectories.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134174684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Assessing the Adoption of Learning Management Systems in Higher Education 高等教育采用学习管理系统的评估
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(5)
W. Lasanthika, W. Tennakoon
{"title":"Assessing the Adoption of Learning Management Systems in Higher Education","authors":"W. Lasanthika, W. Tennakoon","doi":"10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(5)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(5)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - At present, higher educational institutions are heavily reliant on Learning Management Systems (LMS) to effectively manage communication with students and to enable technology-based learning. However, the success of LMS depends mostly on the adoption of LMS by students and teachers. The aim of this study is to incorporate different important factors of the Technology Acceptance Model to compare the behavioural intention of students and teachers to adopt LMS.\u0000Methodology/Technique – Structured instruments are used for a sample of academics and undergraduates as the main contributors of LMS. The attitude towards LMS adoption of academics and students was compared.\u0000Finding - The results suggest that the attitudes of teachers and students towards LMS adoption significantly differ as both contributors and users of LMS.\u0000Novelty - In addition, the research highlights different aspects of LMS that can be manipulated for the successful adoption of LMS\u0000\u0000Type of Paper: Empirical.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: LMS Adoption; Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); University Community; Attitude\u0000\u0000Reference Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Lasanthika, W.J.A.J.M; Tennakoon, W.D.N.S.M. 2019. Assessing the Adoption of Learning Management Systems in Higher Education, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 7(3): 204 – 208. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(5)\u0000\u0000JEL Classification: A20, A23, A29.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115712384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Quality-Quantity Tradeoffs in Pricing Public Secondary Education 公立中等教育定价中的质量权衡
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3453239
R. Garlick
{"title":"Quality-Quantity Tradeoffs in Pricing Public Secondary Education","authors":"R. Garlick","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3453239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3453239","url":null,"abstract":"Most governments provide some public education and must choose how to finance it from fiscal transfers and user fees. I study the effects of a shift from mixed funding to pure fiscal transfers in South African secondary schools. Fee elimination increased enrollment in early grades but decreased enrollment in later grades and both pass counts and pass rates on graduation exams. The latter patterns can be explained by crowding that generated reductions in proxies for instructional quality and hence learning outcomes. This demonstrates that price ceilings without supply-side investments may have limited or even negative effects on education outcomes.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124377057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
An Empirical Analysis of College Admissions with Endogenous Entrance Exam Scores 基于内生高考成绩的高校录取实证分析
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3346459
H. A. Arslan
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of College Admissions with Endogenous Entrance Exam Scores","authors":"H. A. Arslan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3346459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3346459","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a method for identifying and estimating student preferences in centralized matching mechanisms when students are ranked by exam scores. In these mechanisms, exam scores contain important information for inferring students' heterogeneous preferences because students have incentives to adjust their effort level to obtain a score that maximizes their total gain in the admission process. I show that ignoring the information embedded in exam scores causes biased estimates in Turkey, where there is empirical evidence that students respond to the preparation incentives. I discuss the objectives of these mechanisms and suggest relevant policies to increase students' welfare.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115940315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Can Successful Schools Replicate? Scaling Up Boston's Charter School Sector 成功的学校可以复制吗?扩大波士顿特许学校的规模
ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/w25796
Sarah R. Cohodes, Elizabeth Setren, Christopher R. Walters
{"title":"Can Successful Schools Replicate? Scaling Up Boston's Charter School Sector","authors":"Sarah R. Cohodes, Elizabeth Setren, Christopher R. Walters","doi":"10.3386/w25796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w25796","url":null,"abstract":"Can schools that boost student outcomes reproduce their success at new campuses? We study a policy reform that allowed effective charter schools in Boston, Massachusetts to replicate their school models at new locations. Estimates based on randomized admission lotteries show that replication charter schools generate large achievement gains on par with those produced by their parent campuses. The average effectiveness of Boston’s charter middle school sector increased after the reform despite a doubling of charter market share. An exploration of mechanisms shows that Boston charter schools reduce the returns to teacher experience and compress the distribution of teacher effectiveness, suggesting the highly standardized practices in place at charter schools may facilitate replicability.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121008530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
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