ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Prosocial Attitudes: Evidence from the Scholarship Program Reform by Korea University","authors":"Seung-Gyu Sim, S. Kang, Y. Sawada, Yeonwoo Baik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2999960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2999960","url":null,"abstract":"We extend the conventional perspective of economic research, that individuals' preferences are exogenously given or shaped by exogenous shocks, to assess whether and to what extent an artificial policy intervention that requires adult individuals to engage in social activities can nurture pro-social attitudes. In particular, we exploit the novel experience of Korea University's social work-based scholarship program, which obligates recipients to teach children of low-income families, to disentangle the nurturing, proximity, self-selection, and screening effects on preferences. The estimated model provides strong evidence for the nurturing hypothesis, that is, that 'social engagement enhances pro-social attitudes.'","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126723434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Right to Education Act: Trends in Enrollment, Test Scores, and School Quality","authors":"M. Shah, B. Steinberg","doi":"10.1257/PANDP.20191060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/PANDP.20191060","url":null,"abstract":"The Right to Education (RTE) Act passed in 2009 guarantees access to free primary education to all children ages 6-14 in India. This paper investigates whether national trends in educational outcomes change around the time of this law using household surveys and administrative data. We document four trends: (1) school-going increases after the passage of RTE, (2) test scores decline dramatically after 2010, (3) school infrastructure appears to improve both before and after RTE, and (4) the number of students who have to repeat a grade falls precipitously after RTE is enacted, in line with official provisions of the law.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121881052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Involvement of the University in Training and Lifelong Learning of the High School’s Graduates","authors":"I. Pârvu, I. Grecu, P. Mitran, Gheorghe Grecu","doi":"10.26458/1837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26458/1837","url":null,"abstract":"The nowadays continuously expansion of the market for higher education services puts a high pressure on the management of such institutions. Universities are trying to keep their position on the market by applying theories and practices that have traditionally been used by the business environment. This paper proposes to adapt such a practice to higher education institutions. This is the strategy of backward vertical integration. We understand this by highlighting the possibilities that higher education institutions have to take over some of the activities carried out in high schools. Starting from the experience of a project to whose implementation the authors participated, the paper describes how the counseling and vocational guidance activities addressed to high school students can be carried out by the higher education institutions.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127235781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism Design Approach to School Choice: One versus Many","authors":"Battal Doğan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3810989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3810989","url":null,"abstract":"A vast majority of the school choice literature focuses on designing mechanisms to simultaneously assign students to many schools, and employs a “make it up as you go along” approach when it comes to each school’s admissions policy. An alternative approach is to focus on the admissions policy for one school. This is especially relevant for effectively communicating policy objectives such as achieving a diverse student body or implementing affirmative action. I argue that the latter approach is relatively under-examined and deserves more attention in the future.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115778629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"University Characteristics as Factor Affecting the Creation of University Spin-Offs","authors":"J. Huňady, Marta Orviská, Peter Pisár","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3283758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3283758","url":null,"abstract":"The university-spin off company is a specific but rather effective tool for the direct transfer of knowledge and new technology from academia into business. However, this seems to be still a not very common phenomenon in many European countries. The paper aims to compare the characteristics of universities in European countries based on empirical data for 2465 higher education institutions in Europe retrieved from European Tertiary Education Register database. We examined factors that could have a potential effect on the creation of university spin-off companies in Europe. In order to find these factors we applied logit and probit regression analysis. Our results strongly suggest that those universities which are neither strongly focused on a few fields of research, nor very broad in their focus are mostly less active in creating the university spin-off companies. The intensity of PhD study, the share of tuition fees as well as a number of foreign students seem to be factors affecting university spin-off activities.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127367197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Nutrition and Student Discipline: Effects of Schoolwide Free Meals","authors":"N. Gordon, Krista J. Ruffini","doi":"10.3386/W24986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24986","url":null,"abstract":"Under the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP), schools serving sufficiently high-poverty populations may enroll their entire student bodies in free lunch and breakfast programs, extending free meals to some students who would not qualify individually and potentially decreasing the stigma associated with free meals. We examine whether CEP affects disciplinary outcomes, focusing on the use of suspensions. We use school discipline measures from the Civil Rights Data Collection and rely on the timing of pilot implementation of CEP across states to assess how disciplinary infractions evolve within a school as it adopts CEP. We find modest reductions in suspension rates among elementary and middle but not high school students. While we are unable to observe how the expansion of free school meals affects the dietary intake of students in our national sample, we do observe that for younger students, these reductions are concentrated in areas with higher levels of estimated child food insecurity. Our findings suggest that the impact of school-based child nutrition services extends beyond the academic gains identified in some of the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127408239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching a Tipping Point? A History and Prospectus of Funding for the University of California","authors":"J. Douglass, Zachary Bleemer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3250871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3250871","url":null,"abstract":"This year marks the University of California’s (UC) 150th anniversary. In part to reflect on that history, and to provide a basis to peer into the future, the following report provides a history of the University of California’s revenue sources and expenditures. The purpose is to provide the University’s academic community, state policymakers, and Californians with a greater understanding of the University’s financial history, focusing in particular on the essential role of public funding. In its first four decades, UC depended largely on income generated by federal land grants and private philanthropy, and marginally on funding from the state. The year 1911 marked a major turning point: henceforth, state funding was linked to student enrollment workload. As a result, the University grew with California’s population in enrollment, academic programs, and new campuses. This historic commitment to systematically fund UC, the state’s sole land-grant university, helped create what is now considered the world’s premier public university system. However, beginning with cutbacks in the early 1990s UC’s state funding per student steadily declined. The pattern of state disinvestment increased markedly with the onset of the Great Recession. As chronicled in this report, the University diversified its sources of income and attempted to cut costs in response to this precipitous decline, while continuing to enroll more and more Californians. Even with the remarkable improvement in California’s economy, state funding per student remains significantly below what it was only a decade ago. Peering into the future, this study also provides a historically informed prospectus on the budget options available to UC. Individual campuses, such as Berkeley and UCLA, may be able to generate other income sources to maintain their quality and reputation. But there is no clear funding model or pathway for the system to grow with the needs of the people of California. UC may be approaching a tipping point in which it will need to decide whether to continue to grow in enrollment without adequate funding, or limit enrollment and program growth to focus on quality and productivity. Funding support was provided by the Center for Studies in Higher Education of the Goldman School of Public Policy, Speaker Emeritus John A. Perez, and UC Berkeley Deans Henry E. Brady and Bob Jacobsen. The views expressed are those of the authors.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115335222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencing Factors to Stay Off-Campus Living by Students","authors":"Shuvro Sen, N. Antara","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3598509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3598509","url":null,"abstract":"The advanced education framework has quickly changed on the planet. In these days, individuals are continually endeavoring to accomplish the higher education. Hence, the demand for the educational institution, leaving spaces, infrastructural development is expanding step by step. This investigation has been embraced to perceive the components that impact an understudy in considering the choice to remain in off-grounds living in the season of advanced education. This investigation has been done through an organized survey & finished by factor analysis strategy. The discoveries demonstrated that maximum understudies pick off-grounds living to guarantee their solace, accommodation, and wellbeing in a peaceful perusing condition. Off-grounds living understudies need to endure enormous challenges regarding cost, transportation, connecting with social activities, and so forth. Government and University experts can take some preventive ways like building lobbies, expanding transportation facilities, diminishing the cost of nourishment, and so forth to minimize the problems of off-grounds livings students.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129930263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Private and Public High Schools: Evidence from Finland","authors":"Mika Kortelainen, K. Manninen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3179332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3179332","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A number of papers have compared the effectiveness of private and public schools in different institutional settings. However, most of these studies are observational and do not utilize experimental or quasi-experimental design to evaluate the value-added or the effectiveness of private schools in comparison to public schools. This study focuses on private and public high schools in Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. We use two different methods to compare private and public schools, value-added estimation and regression discontinuity design (RDD). Although based on somewhat different assumptions, both methods allow us to evaluate the causal effect of private schools on the exit exam results in high school. We find that private schools perform marginally better than public schools, but the difference in performance is very small and statistically insignificant according to both methods. Various robustness and validity checks strengthen our RDD results and the validity of the discontinuity design.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125257177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welfare and Incentives in Partitioned School Choice Markets","authors":"Bertan Turhan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3124687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3124687","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of partition structure of schools on students' welfare and on incentives students face under the iterative student optimal stable mechanism (I-SOSM), introduced by Manjunath and Turhan (2016), in divided school enrollment systems. I find that when school partition gets coarser students' welfare weakly increases under the I-SOSM for any number of iterations. I also show that under coarser school partitions the I-SOSM becomes weakly less manipulable for students (when iterated sufficiently many times to reach a stable assignment) according to the “as strongly manipulable as” criteria defined by Pathak and Sonmez (2013). These results suggest that when full integration is not possible keeping school partition as coarse as possible benefits students with respect to their welfare and incentives they face if stability is a concern for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125400676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}