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Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University最新文献

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Hazard Analysis of an Autonomous Container Handling System – a Comparison of STPA and HAZOP Methods 自主集装箱装卸系统的危害分析——STPA和HAZOP方法的比较
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.26408/125.02
Eetu Heikkilä, T. Malm, J. Sarsama, R. Tiusanen, T. Ahonen
{"title":"Hazard Analysis of an Autonomous Container Handling System – a Comparison of STPA and HAZOP Methods","authors":"Eetu Heikkilä, T. Malm, J. Sarsama, R. Tiusanen, T. Ahonen","doi":"10.26408/125.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/125.02","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing automation is a major trend in container terminals. In automated container handling systems, safety has been previously ensured by segregating the automated machinery from other traffic and workers moving on foot. Currently, further increases in flexibility are sought by developing autonomous systems that are capable of mixed-traffic operations without the need for separate operating areas. This increases the complexity of the systems and introduces new safety hazards. In addition to traditional hazard analysis methods, new approaches are needed to address the emergent risks related to autonomous operations. This paper studies the applicability of the STPA (system-theoretic process analysis) method in hazard analysis of an autonomous machine system. To support the evaluation, we define evaluation categories for comparison of the analysis methods. We also compare STPA with an established method, HAZOP (hazard and operability study). To perform the comparison, both STPA and HAZOP are applied to an autonomous container handling system concept. The study suggests that both STPA and HAZOP are well suited to support the development of autonomous machinery. However, we also highlight some notable differences in the methods, mostly related to the different underlying accident models that they utilise. HAZOP is an established method with tools and standards available. STPA, on the other hand, provides a well-defined syntax to ensure the analysis quality and a system modelling approach that supports the system development.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116168062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Recreational Diving Training According to the CMAS International Diving Confederations, SSI Diving School System and American NAUI and PADI Associations 根据CMAS国际潜水联合会、SSI潜水学校系统和美国NAUI和PADI协会对休闲潜水训练的分析
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.26408/125.03
J. Ratajczak, Mikołaj Wieczorek, Grzegorz Rutkowski
{"title":"Analysis of Recreational Diving Training According to the CMAS International Diving Confederations, SSI Diving School System and American NAUI and PADI Associations","authors":"J. Ratajczak, Mikołaj Wieczorek, Grzegorz Rutkowski","doi":"10.26408/125.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/125.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes and compares various methods of obtaining basic diving licences on the example of CMAS international diving confederations, the SSI diving school system and two American diving associations, NAUI and PADI. According to Divers Alert Network Europe, 189 fatalities related to diving occurred in 2018, most of which may have been prevented by sufficient training. The article describes what prerequisites must be met in order to obtain the basic qualifications to practice recreational diving in each of the above-mentioned diving organisations. Therefore, the article compares various training processes for a recreational scuba diver implemented in four selected organisations.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122436874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formal Verification of STPA with Model Checking 用模型检验对STPA进行形式化验证
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.26408/125.01
Ryeonggu Kwon, Gihwon Kwon
{"title":"Formal Verification of STPA with Model Checking","authors":"Ryeonggu Kwon, Gihwon Kwon","doi":"10.26408/125.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/125.01","url":null,"abstract":"As technology advances, hardware-centric systems are rapidly moving towards software-centric ones, and their complexity is rapidly increasing. In particular, systems directly related to safety require thorough verification. Model checking exhaustively explores the state space of the abstracted system to check whether properties written in a logical formula are achieved. In this paper, the control algorithm of the controller is verified using model checking to discover risk scenarios during the STPA steps. Two case studies are conducted using the widely used model checkers NuSMV and UPPAAL. We then explain the empirical results and compare two model checkers based on their characteristics. Finally, we discuss the benefits of applying model checking in the process of STPA.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126473484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk Related Incorrect Decompression, Stage Ascent Procedures with the Use of Decompression Tables as a type of Preventive Actions Against the Effects of Decompression 风险相关的不正确的减压，使用减压表的阶段上升程序作为一种预防减压影响的措施
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.26408/125.04
Katarzyna Mielniczek, Grzegorz Rutkowski
{"title":"Risk Related Incorrect Decompression, Stage Ascent Procedures with the Use of Decompression Tables as a type of Preventive Actions Against the Effects of Decompression","authors":"Katarzyna Mielniczek, Grzegorz Rutkowski","doi":"10.26408/125.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/125.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents what decompression is, how to perform it correctly using dive ascent tables, and the typical symptoms of decompression sickness. The article also describes typical diving accidents caused by poorly planned diving without decompression stops being performed. The article emphasises that important factors that contribute to diving safety are: proper training of the diver, a properly prepared diving plan including decompression stops, the diver’s mental state and their so-called adaptive training which helps the diver to manage stress in hyperbaric conditions, preparing their body to undergo correct decompression.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116452047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visualisation of Electromagnetic Phenomena Using Augmented Reality Based on the Example of a Horn Antenna 基于喇叭天线实例的增强现实电磁现象可视化
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26408/127.01
Dawid Budnarowski, Jerzy Mizeraczyk, Magdalena Budnarowska
{"title":"Visualisation of Electromagnetic Phenomena Using Augmented Reality Based on the Example of a Horn Antenna","authors":"Dawid Budnarowski, Jerzy Mizeraczyk, Magdalena Budnarowska","doi":"10.26408/127.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/127.01","url":null,"abstract":": The paper presents and discusses the operation of a mobile application using the Augmented Reality (AR) to visualize the electromagnetic (EM) radiation of a horn antenna. The mobile application serves as a teaching aid and complements the laboratory setup for investigating EM radiation from a horn antenna. The EM radiation visualisation data were obtained through numerical simulation using the CST Studio Suite software, which enables modelling and simulation of various EM interactions. The mobile application was created using the Unity engine, which enables the development of mobile applications. The Vuforia library was used to implement digital data (obtained through numerical simulation) and overlay it onto the real image captured by the mobile camera. The application runs on devices with Android 8.0 and higher, and integrates the real 3D environment with virtual reality in real time.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improved Performance of Wi-Fi Based Communication with Multiple Sensors Through Collaboration Between the WebSerial Remote Serial Monitor and ESP-NOW Protocol 通过WebSerial远程串行监视器和ESP-NOW协议之间的协作提高基于Wi-Fi的多传感器通信性能
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26408/127.04
Mostafa Abotaleb
{"title":"Improved Performance of Wi-Fi Based Communication with Multiple Sensors Through Collaboration Between the WebSerial Remote Serial Monitor and ESP-NOW Protocol","authors":"Mostafa Abotaleb","doi":"10.26408/127.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/127.04","url":null,"abstract":": This article is a continuation of the research conducted in [Abotaleb 2023] to analyse the importance of coexistence between different wireless technologies in the instrumentation field. The WebSerial based laboratory stand described in [Abotaleb 2023] showed a limited range of WiFi communication due to decreased Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) levels at points not located at a straight Line of Sight (LOS) from the host controller. The ESP32 controller is the backbone of such a stand, administrating both serial and Wi-Fi communication to send the collected data from multiple sensors to the host controller. In order to increase the range of wireless communication, the WiFi based ESP-NOW protocol will be presented as an alternative to performing such a task from the perspective of possible future application in maritime engineering.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decision Parameters in Project Financing and Their Implications for Offshore Wind Farm Projects 项目融资决策参数及其对海上风电场项目的影响
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26408/127.06
Marita Balks, Lukas Mann
{"title":"Decision Parameters in Project Financing and Their Implications for Offshore Wind Farm Projects","authors":"Marita Balks, Lukas Mann","doi":"10.26408/127.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/127.06","url":null,"abstract":": Offshore wind farms are one of the most important pillars of the successful implementation of the envisaged energy turnaround. However, so far, the States are all far from reaching their targets. Therefore, a great amount of capital is needed. Since a large part of offshore wind farms is financed by debt capital, it was examined which criteria are currently prevailing on the market. The main findings are that cover ratios are the most important key figures in the decision-making process and during the term. In addition, a large number of clauses are contractually fixed to reduce the risk of default.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconstructing Damaged Data in AIS and Other Telecommunications Systems: A Survey AIS和其他电信系统中受损数据的重建:综述
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26408/127.02
Marta Szarmach, Ireneusz Czarnowski
{"title":"Reconstructing Damaged Data in AIS and Other Telecommunications Systems: A Survey","authors":"Marta Szarmach, Ireneusz Czarnowski","doi":"10.26408/127.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/127.02","url":null,"abstract":": AIS (Automatic Identification System) is a telecommunication system created to enable ships to transmit information regarding their trajectories (such as their position, speed, course, etc.) to other ships and shore stations. With the use of AIS, collisions between ships can be avoided. Unfortunately, AIS suffers from some technical issues that lead to part of the transmitted data being damaged (incorrect or missing). This paper contains a review of machine learning based methods of reconstructing this damaged AIS data as well as examples of inspiration from other telecommunication systems for dealing with this kind of a problem. Finally, after analysing frameworks available in the relevant literature, a novel algorithm for AIS data reconstruction is briefly presented.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Authenticated WiFi-Based Wireless Data Transmission from Multiple Sensors Through a Laboratory Stand Based on Collaboration Between ATMEGA2560 and ESP32 Microcontrollers 基于ATMEGA2560和ESP32单片机协作的多传感器wifi无线数据传输实验台
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26408/127.03
Mostafa Abotaleb
{"title":"Authenticated WiFi-Based Wireless Data Transmission from Multiple Sensors Through a Laboratory Stand Based on Collaboration Between ATMEGA2560 and ESP32 Microcontrollers","authors":"Mostafa Abotaleb","doi":"10.26408/127.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/127.03","url":null,"abstract":": The use of wireless technology in the field of instrumentation is rapidly expanding due to many reasons such as lower installation and commissioning cost than those incurred by wired technologies and a higher level of security provided by authenticated encrypted data transaction, in addition to a decreased level of system complicity, manifested in eliminating or limiting the need for cabling or its accessories. This article will discuss a proposed technique to perform authenticated wireless WiFi data transmission from multiple sensors to the control station depending on a laboratory stand for the purpose of analysing the principle of coexistence between wireless technologies dedicated to industrial automation, such as wireless HART, and general purpose technologies, such as WiFi and Bluetooth Low Energy BLE.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Accuracy of a Virtual Multi-Channel Temperature Measuring Instrument 虚拟多通道温度测量仪的精度评估
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26408/127.05
Romuald Maśnicki, Beata Pałczyńska
{"title":"Assessment of the Accuracy of a Virtual Multi-Channel Temperature Measuring Instrument","authors":"Romuald Maśnicki, Beata Pałczyńska","doi":"10.26408/127.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26408/127.05","url":null,"abstract":": The multi-channel temperature measurement system developed works with NTC thermistors. The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical evaluation of accuracy obtained in measurement channels. The basis for the theoretical assessment is the mathematical model for each of the measurement channels and the characteristics of the system elements included in the circuits of the measurement channel. Two different methods were used to theoretically estimate the accuracy: the Gauss Formula and the Monte Carlo method. The empirical assessment of accuracy is supported by measurement data collected during the calibration procedures for the device developed and the results of verification measurements performed on a working device. The exemplary results presented of the accuracy assessment, obtained in the selected channel, are representative of the properties of all other measurement channels. The results of both methods of assessing accuracy in measurement channels are very similar, which confirms the assumptions regarding the implementation of the instrument developed and its good metrological properties.","PeriodicalId":269306,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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