Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice最新文献

{"title":"Еnvironmental plasticity, ultrastability and breeding value as a sign of yield of new potato varieties","authors":"N. Pysarenko, V. Sydorchuk, N. Zakharchuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study new varieties of potatoes according to the parameters of ecological plasticity, stability, ultrastability and breeding value under changing abiotic factors of the environment in the conditions of the central Polissya of Ukraine. Methods. Field and laboratory, breeding and statistical. Results. Potato varieties that combine a high genotypic potential and a stable manifestation of yield level and are better under a complex of unfavourable conditions, as well as with a positive reaction to the improvement of growing conditions, have been identified. It was established that in the years of research favourable for the hydrothermal coefficient, the highest yield was observed among potato varieties of different ripeness groups: early ripening – Bazaliia, Opillia and Radomysl; middle early – Fanatka, Mezhyrichka 11 and Sontsedar; mid ripening: – Avanhard, Rostavytsia, Volodarka and Alians. In less favorable years, the highest yield was characterized by the following potato varieties: early – Opillia, Radomysl and Bazaliia; middle early – Fanatka; mid ripening – Alians and Volodarka. It was established that the following potato varieties showed the most stable ecological plasticity when the external growing conditions changed (the smallest value of σd2): Tyras, Sontsedar, Radomysl, Fanatka, Lietana, Bazhana and Avanhard. A high value of the σd2 indicator is characterized by: Alians, Volodarka and Rostavytsia. According to the results of the evaluation of the parameters of ecological plasticity (bі) and stability (σd2), potato varieties are divided into six groups, according to their reaction to the growing conditions at the place of research. The most valuable for productivity breeding are the following potato varieties: Tyras, Radomysl, Sontsedar, Avanhard and Vzirets. It was established that the highest average productivity during the years of research was characterized by the following potato varieties: Volodarka, Sontsedar, Fanatka, Opillia and Radomysl. It was established that the highest numerical index of ultrastability and the lowest value of σ in potato genotypes up to the average of the corresponding ripeness group were shown by: Opillia, Radomysl, Bazhana and Fanatka. Significant variability and low ultrastability were found in potato varieties: early – Tyras and Vzirets; middle early – Mezhyrichka 11 and Sontsedar; mid ripening – Rostavytsia and Alians. Conclusion. Genotypes with the highest value of average yield, ultrastability and breeding value were identified among early ripening varieties: Opillia and Radomysl; middle early: Fanatka and Sontsedar; mid ripening – Avanhard, Alians and Volodarka. We recommend these promising varieties to producers of various forms of ownership for cultivation in the conditions of the central Polissya of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116018735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic and biological productivity of sugar beets depending on the fertilization system","authors":"V. Ivanina, M. Daniuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the impact of an alternative organic-mineral fertilization on the photosynthetic and biological productivity of sugar beet under modernizing it with the latest agrochemical means. Меthods. Short-term field and analytical. Results. The results of research on the impact of an alternative organic-mineral fertilization with different saturation with the latest agrochemicals on the photosynthetic and biological productivity of sugar beets are presented. It was established that the development of the leaf surface, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves, the photosynthetic and biological productivity of sugar beet increased significantly when foliar fertilizing with agrochemicals was carried out against the background of the organic-mineral fertilization. Conclusions. Application of N30 + «Folcrop Combi» + «Folcrop Amin» for foliar fertilization against the background of 5 t/ha of straw + P90K90 under plowing + N90 under pre-sowing cultivation formed the maximum development of the leaf surface: in July – 1920 cm2/plant, in August – 2566, in September – 1790 cm2/plant. The specified fertilization ensured the maximum content of chlorophyll in leaves in July – 2.01%, August – 1.94%, September – 1.80%. The net productivity of photosynthesis in sugar beet plants in August with the application of straw and mineral fertilizers increased compared to the control without fertilizers – in 1.60 times, with additional foliar fertilization – in 1.77-1.93 times. The most intensive processes of photosynthesis occurred with the combined application of 5 t/ha of straw + P90K90 under plowing + N90 under pre-sowing cultivation + «Folcrop Combi» + «Folcrop Amin» − the net productivity of photosynthesis was 11.08 g/m2 per day. The use of a modernized organic-mineral fertilization (5 t/ha of straw + P90K90 under plowing + N90 undern pre-sowing cultivation + N30 + «Folcrop Combi» + «Folcrop Amin») ensured the highest biological productivity of sugar beet: yield of roots – 60.3 t/ha, sugar harvest – 10.37 with exceeding the control without fertilizers – by 19.1 and 3.20 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129128300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сomparative energy efficiency of soil management of Cherkasy region in different periods of management","authors":"O.V. Demуdenko, S. Vitvitskyy","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of energy efficiency of agriculture in the period of developed animal husbandry when applying manure as an organic fertilizer (1956−1995) and its coagulation (1996−2020) and the use of by-products in the agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region. Methods. Analytical, statistical, mathematical. Results. During the period from 1956 to 2020 there was a significant transformation of the structure of sown areas in the agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region due to the reduction of spring crops, fodder crops and growth of corn, sunflower, soybeans, which significantly affected the yield of main and by-products and changed their ratio. which, in the end, leaned in favor of the yield of by-products with the growth of the components that determine the ratio. The change in the structure of sown areas significantly affected the energy intensity of the main and by-products: in the period from 1956 to 1975, the main products accounted for 43% of energy consumption, and by-products – 35%; in the period 1976–1990 48% and 35%; in the period 2011−2020 36% and 54% respectively. Energy profitability for the growth of productivity and gross output of basic products in the period from 1996 to 2020 decreased 4.2 times compared to the period from 1956 to 1995, and relative to the total biomass formed by 1.25 times; energy consumption of production increased 4.9 times, and energy efficiency decreased 3.9 times. At the same time Kee decreased by 2.8–3.9 times, reaching the lower limit of efficiency (Kee = 2.5–2.6). Conclusions. It was found that the highest energy efficiency of agriculture was in the period from 1996 to 2000, when the highest level of energy efficiency was achieved (Kee = 4.66): at the same time high efficiency of crop production was ensured with simultaneous use of manure and by-products as organic fertilizer. . During this period, the optimal number of cattle was reached, when the number of cattle was about 600 thousand, against 1022 thousand heads in the period 1985−1990, which is 1.7 times less.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134208911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Еnvironmental protection and efficient methods of using drained organic soils using different methods of calculating mineral fertilizer application","authors":"I. Slyusar, V. O. Serbenyuk, O.P. Solianik, О. Tarasenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To develop optimal parameters of reclamation, agricultural, economic and environmental protection solutions to ensure sustainable development of agricultural production in the humid zone on drained soils; elimination of soil degradation and improvement of their fertility based on the development of an ecologically sound system of agriculture with effective methods of calculating the application of mineral fertilizers and energy-saving technologies for growing agricultural crops in conditions of market relations. Methods. Field with a complex of biometric, laboratory-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Results. A nature protection and ecological assessment of the methods of using drained organic soils of the humid zone and the calculation of the application of mineral fertilizers for perennial grasses of different years of cultivation, sunflower, corn, oats, was carried out. The optimal security of the formation of the productivity of perennial grass stands and the economic feasibility on average for the years 2016–2020 have been established. With the warming of the climate, it is advisable to introduce highly profitable heat-loving crops (soy, sunflower, corn) into the structure of sown areas of the humid zone, which in an eight-field grass field rotation with the use of mineral fertilizers and growth stimulants (organic balance) based on the analysis of research data, provide 9.2–9.7 t/ha of dry mass, sunflower seeds 2.6 t/ha, corn grains – 8.2 t; oats 4.6 t/ha for high product quality and prevention of excessive mineralization of organic matter. Conclusions. For cultivation in grass-field crop rotation, the highest yield on average for 2016–2020. 6.8; 8.9–9.0 and 9.0 t/ha of dry weight) sunflower seeds (2.4–2.6 t/ha), corn grains (7.7–8.2 t/ha) and oat grains (4.5–4.6 t/ha) obtained by applying doses of fertilizers obtained on the basis of data analysis of long-term studies. Such doses of mineral fertilizers provided the highest yield of crops with a moderate dose of fertilizer application, moreover, the content (NPK) in the grown products did not exceed the MPC indicators.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127206498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethanol yield from stems of different sugar sorghum hybrids at different sowing rates","authors":"P. Piasetskyi, A. Morhun, K. Leonova, V. Liubych","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine bioethanol yield from sugar sorghum stems at different plant sowing rates. Methods. Field – establishing and conducting research, physical – determining the yield of plant vegetative mass, chemical – determining stem sugar content, analysis and statistical. Results. The article presents the study results of the yield of vegetative and dry mass, stem sugar content, bioethanol yield for the cultivation of various hybrids of sugar sorghum with a sowing rate of 75, 100, 150 and 200 thousand psc/ha. It was found that in the variant with the highest sowing rate, the green mass yield of Mamont, Verbliud and Sokhatyii hybrids increased to 82.9–92.6 t/ha, and that of Zubr, Favoryt and Medovyi ones increased to 72.6–78.6 t/ha. The highest yield of dry mass was obtained at a density of 200 thousand pcs/ha in Zubr and Mamont hybrids – 19.3–20.0 t/ha. The yield of dry mass at the level of 14.0–17.5 t/ha was obtained for the cultivation of Favoryt, Medovyi, Verblid and Sokhatyii hybrids with a sowing rate of 150–200 thousand pcs/ha. The highest yield at sowing rates of 75 thousand pcs/ha was provided by the cultivation of Mamont, Verbluid and Sokhatyi hybrids – 12.4–13.7 t/ha. It was found that stem sugar content decreased significantly with the increase in plant sowing rate. In addition, in the stems of Zubr and Verb­luid hybrids, sugar content was significantly higher compared to other hybrids - 17.0–18.9%, depending on sowing rate. The highest bioethanol yield was provided by the cultivation of Zubr, Mamont, Verbluid and Sokhatyi hybrids with a sowing rate of 200 thousand pcs/ha – 6 467–7 215 l/ha. At this sowing rate, the bioethanol yield in other hybrids was at the level of 5563–5658 l/ha. In addition, stability index varied from 0.31 to 0.88. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe, bioethanol yield from sugar sorghum stems varies depending on the hybrid and plant sowing rate. Under the growing conditions of Zubr, Mamont, Verbluid and Sokhatyi hybrids with a sowing rate of 200 thousand units/ha, bioethanol yield is 6467–7215 l/ha. In addition, biothenol yield is affected by weather conditions. In more favorable weather conditions, this indicator is 8.508–9.149 l/ha in Zubr, Mamont, Verbluid, and Sokhatyi hybrids with a sowing rate of 200 thousand pcs/ha, and in less favorable conditions, it is 3.784–5.922 l/ha or less by 1.4–2.4 times.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131192880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segetal vegetation in Matricaria recutita (l.) crops according to protection methods and its influence on growth dynamics and inflorescence formation","authors":"O. Nazarchyk, V. Moisiienko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. After all, the quality of medicinal raw materials, and subsequently the preparations made from them, directly depend on the number of weeds present in the crop. Currently, producers of agricultural products who cultivate medicinal plants, namely medicinal chamomile, are faced with such a question as the protection of medicinal crops from harmful organisms, especially weeds, during cultivation technology. The research was aimed at establishing the dependence of the growth dynamics of medicinal chamomile plants and the productivity of inflorescences on the degree of weediness of crops by segetal plants. Methods. The weed protection system included agrotechnical, chemical and integrated methods of control. Results. It was found that the most common weeds in the chamomile agrophytocenosis were Centaurea cyanus L., Polygonum patulum, Convolvulus arvensis L., Avena fatua, Echinochloa crus-galli L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Chenopodium album L., Galium aparine L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. It was established that the use of the autumn sowing period of chamomile contributed to more effective suppression of weeds, since a certain number of weeds die in winter at low temperatures.The average weediness after harvesting the predecessor before preparing the field for sowing medicinal chamomile was 115–123 pcs./m2. Agrotechnical protection measures reduced the number of weeds to 42–50 pcs./m2, the use of herbicide, respectively – 17–18 pcs./m2, integrated protection – 12–15 pcs./m2. Conclusion. We have established that the Perlyna Lisostepu variety has significant resistance to weeds. As for the dependence of the growth dynamics and productivity of chamomile on the implementation of weed control measures, the combination of all measures, that is the use of only an integrated method, makes it possible to best deal with harmful plants namely to reduce their number on average over the years of research to 12 pcs./m2 and obtain a yield of 1.5 t/ha of raw mass of inflorescences.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological characteristics of tobacco samples of competition and breeding variety testing in the conditions of Prydnistrovia of Ukraine","authors":"V. I. Pashchenko, A.A. Yurechko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Investigate competition and selection material of tobacco for resistance to major diseases for immunological characterization of samples and use of results in practical selection.General scientific and special work methods: field, laboratory, selection that use induction apomixis, calculation, mathematical and statistical. The use of apomixis in tobacco breeding helps shorten the selection process by 4–6 years. During the assessment of the selection material for the resistance of tobacco to harmful organisms, we have used the results substantiated by us during 2011−2015 scales for assessing the intensity of damage by the most common and harmful diseases and the settlement and damage by pests. Results. Tobacco varieties and hybrids with individual and complex resistance to diseases, that are common in the Transnistria region of Ukraine, were selected for the purpose of using them in selection work. On the basis of these samples, a characteristic collection of tobacco was created and registered on resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.Conclusions. During the years of research (2016−2020), varieties and hybrids of tobacco were selected in competitive and selective variety tests (Ternopilsky 7, Berley 38, Berley 46, Ukrainsky Novy, Fn Banat × Ukrainian new, An Berlei 46 × Ternopil 7, Zhovtolisty 36, Ukrainian sharp-leaved, Fn [(Banat × Ukrainian new) × Polish burley)] × Yellow-leaved 36, Fn Temp 321 × Sharp-leaved 451, Fn Virginia 23 × Virginia 401) with complex and individual resistance to the main diseases common in Transnistria of Ukraine. On the basis of these samples, a characteristic collection of tobacco was created and registered on resistance to biotic and abiotic factors in the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126841923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern adaptive systems of basic main tillage under white mustard","authors":"V. Kyrylyuk, V.M. Krychkivskyy","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of long-term use of the primary soil treatment and fertilization systems on the yield of white mustard. The results of research of the impact of basic soil treatment and fertilizer systems on yield and economic efficiency of white mustard production in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are presented in order to identify the most effective, adapted to natural and climatic conditions in recent years. Methods. The research was conducted during 2018–2021 in a stationary two-factor field experiment, which includes 4 alternative systems of basic soil treatment (shelf, flat, chisel, disk) and two fertilizer systems: mineral (background 1) – N60P60K60 and organo-mineral ) – predecessor straw + N10 per 1 t of straw + N30Р30К30 in short-rotation 4-field crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: soybean, spring barley, white mustard, winter wheat. Results. It was found that the highest yield of white mustard seeds 1.05 t / ha was provided by the chisel system of basic tillage against the background of organo-mineral fertilizer, which exceeded the control (shelf system) by 0.1 t/ha (11%) and similar to the highest rate against the background of mineral fertilizers by 0.13 t/ha (14%). Conclusion. Flat-cut and chisel systems on the background of organo-mineral fertilizer in terms of yield prevailed control by 11% and 17% and similar on the background of mineral fertilizer by 14%. In terms of economic efficiency and yield of chisel mustard. The system on the background of organo-mineral fertilizer with the predecessor leaving straw + N10 per ton of straw and application of mineral fertilizer at a dose of N30P30K30 can be considered promising and most adapted to production in weather and climatic conditions in recent years. Against the background of organo-mineral fertilizer, the use of any shelf-free main treatment for mustard is more profitable than the most productive against the background of mineral fertilizer. Production of white mustard with the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 is unprofitable for all systems of basic cultivation.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115379297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and quality of sunflower seeds in different rotation crop rotations of the Forest-steppe zone according to the organo-mineral intensification system","authors":"Y. Tsymbal, P. Boiko, I. Martyniuk, T. Kalchun, L. Yakymenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the influence of the structure, selection and placement of field crops in different crop rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of sunflower seeds in particular. Methods. The research was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences. The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used to produce competitive commercial sunflower products. Results. Research was conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly show that during the 2016–2020 research period, a 7-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this zone saturated with sunflower by 14.3% (winter rape – winter wheat – sunflower – spring wheat – soybean – winter wheat – spring barley) under the organo-mineral intensification system (predecessor by-products + N90P60K90). Conclusion. The yield of sunflower seeds, which was grown after winter wheat, as a predecessor, with the saturation of crop rotations from 12.5 % to 20 % and the corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 3.91–4.44 t/ha, while the oil content in of sunflower seeds was at the level of 45.4–45.7 %.The economic efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the structure of multi-rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 24.93–30.14 thousand UAH/ha with a high level of profitability – 176–211%. .","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127344972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сreation of buckwheat raw material is the basis of creation of high-yield adaptive varieties","authors":"P.P. Karazhbei, M. Povydalo, M.P. Taranukho, N. Buslaieva, T. Kovalenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Of the research is to create a new highly productive initial material of buckwheat with increased resistance to adverse environmental factors. Actuality. According to its biological nature, buckwheat combines a high productivity potential with a relatively low and, it would seem, inconsistent yield. Historically, buckwheat in Ukraine has become almost a national cereal crop, which cereal remains among the important products for the food security of the country. And now, when the war is going on in the country, the cultivation of buckwheat is gaining relevance [6]. An increase in the volume of buckwheat grain production, mainly due to the increase and stabilization of its yield level, is possible due to the use of new breeding methods, and the realization of the genetic potential of the variety - effective cultivation technologies. Methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing. Processing of the results of experimental studies was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Results. According to the individual structural analysis of the plants (breeding sample), the height of the plants, the number of: branches, nodes, inflorescences, grains were determined; mass of grain, plants, straw, 1000 grains. The average level of variation of such indicators as plant height, the number of nodes, and the weight of 1000 grains was observed according to the indicators of direct characteristics of the most productive breeding samples selected according to index indicators. A significant variation was found in the rest of the indicators of the signs. The results of the correlation analysis of the obtained data according to the evaluated indicators confirm a reliable close relationship at the 5% level of significance between the weight of the plant and the number of inflorescences on the plant (r = 0.705), between the number of grains on the plant and the weight of the grain (r = 0.959) and plant mass (r = 0.767), also between grain mass and plant mass (r = 0.798). Conclusions. A reliable close relationship between plant weight and number of inflorescences, number of grains and weight of grain, as well as weight of grain and number of grains was established. The researches conducted by us claim that the individual selection of elite buckwheat plants and their evaluation according to the structural elements of seed productivity, in particular according to the indices: grain size III, individual seed productivity and attraction, make it possible to create promising, high-yielding varieties of edible buckwheat with increased adaptation potential.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132989332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}