Сomparative energy efficiency of soil management of Cherkasy region in different periods of management

Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI:10.54651/agri.2022.03.01

O.V. Demуdenko, S. Vitvitskyy

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Abstract

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of energy efficiency of agriculture in the period of developed animal husbandry when applying manure as an organic fertilizer (1956−1995) and its coagulation (1996−2020) and the use of by-products in the agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region. Methods. Analytical, statistical, mathematical. Results. During the period from 1956 to 2020 there was a significant transformation of the structure of sown areas in the agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region due to the reduction of spring crops, fodder crops and growth of corn, sunflower, soybeans, which significantly affected the yield of main and by-products and changed their ratio. which, in the end, leaned in favor of the yield of by-products with the growth of the components that determine the ratio. The change in the structure of sown areas significantly affected the energy intensity of the main and by-products: in the period from 1956 to 1975, the main products accounted for 43% of energy consumption, and by-products – 35%; in the period 1976–1990 48% and 35%; in the period 2011−2020 36% and 54% respectively. Energy profitability for the growth of productivity and gross output of basic products in the period from 1996 to 2020 decreased 4.2 times compared to the period from 1956 to 1995, and relative to the total biomass formed by 1.25 times; energy consumption of production increased 4.9 times, and energy efficiency decreased 3.9 times. At the same time Kee decreased by 2.8–3.9 times, reaching the lower limit of efficiency (Kee = 2.5–2.6). Conclusions. It was found that the highest energy efficiency of agriculture was in the period from 1996 to 2000, when the highest level of energy efficiency was achieved (Kee = 4.66): at the same time high efficiency of crop production was ensured with simultaneous use of manure and by-products as organic fertilizer. . During this period, the optimal number of cattle was reached, when the number of cattle was about 600 thousand, against 1022 thousand heads in the period 1985−1990, which is 1.7 times less.

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Сomparative喀尔喀西地区不同管理时期土壤管理的能源效率

的目标。对车尔喀西地区农工综合体畜牧业发达时期施用有机肥(1956 ~ 1995年)、混凝(1996 ~ 2020年)和副产品利用的农业能源效率进行比较分析。方法。分析，统计，数学。结果。1956 - 2020年，车尔喀西地区农工综合体播种面积结构发生明显变化，春作物、饲料作物减产，玉米、葵花、大豆生长，主副产品产量受到显著影响，比例发生变化。最终，我们倾向于副产物的产量和决定比例的成分的增长。播种面积结构的变化对主副产品能耗强度影响显著:1956 ~ 1975年主副产品能耗占比为43%，副产品能耗占比为35%;1976-1990年间分别为48%和35%;在2011 - 2020年期间，分别为36%和54%。1996 - 2020年生产力增长和基本产品总产出的能源收益率比1956 - 1995年下降了4.2倍，相对于总生物量下降了1.25倍;生产能耗增长4.9倍，能效下降3.9倍。同时Kee降低2.8 ~ 3.9倍，达到效率下限(Kee = 2.5 ~ 2.6)。结论。结果表明，1996 ~ 2000年是农业能源效率最高的时期(Kee = 4.66)，同时利用粪便和副产品作为有机肥，保证了作物生产的高效率。这一时期的最佳存栏数为60万头左右，而1985 ~ 1990年的存栏数为102.2万头，减少了1.7倍。

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Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice

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