Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice最新文献

{"title":"Restoration of fertility of gray forest soil for management of intensive and organic agriculture","authors":"M. Tkachenko, I. Kondratiuk, A. Pavlichenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific substantiation of the authors on the essence of reproduction of fertility of acid gray forest soils, its types and forms of manifestation, factors of increase and regulation under conditions of intensive and organic agriculture is presented. An in-depth analysis of the amount of humus in loamy soils, a set of agrotechnological measures and patterns aimed at preventing the degradation of acidic gray forest soils and protection of their fertility in the agrocenosis with different technologies for growing crops. The optimal parameters of humus content and reserves and ways to achieve at a consistently high level of basic nutrients in gray forest soils with organic and intensive use are determined. Based on many years of research, the main issues are considered and the effectiveness of action and aftereffects of periodic chemical reclamation in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers is proved, and the effectiveness of one and a half dose of ameliorant for long-term intensive mineral load in agrocenosis is substantiated. The comparative productivity of agrocenosis for III and IV rotation on gray forest soil for organic farming is given.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129400084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrobiological foundations for growing woody energy crops on drained organogenic soils","authors":"I. Sliusar, E.P. Solyanyk, V. A. Serbenyuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to identify the most effective agrobiological measures of plantation cultivation of wood energy crops – various types of willow on drained organogenic soils of Forest-steppe and Polesie, to develop technologies for their cultivation and to carry out energy, economic and environmental assessments of their cultivation on land extracted from intensive cultivation. Research methods – field with a complex of biometric, agrochemical and laboratory studies, mathematical and statistical.The results of studies conducted on medium-deep drained old-time carbonate peatland are presented. Data on agroecological assessment of soil and climatic conditions of agricultural lands were obtained to create energy plantations in the area of excess moisture, agrochemical and water-physical properties and features of the water-air regime of organogenic soils were investigated. As a result of the analysis, the data found that they fully meet the requirements of growing high-performance energy crops.It has been established that the most effective way of basic soil processing is to plant willows in ploughed furrows with an area of food of 0,9 x0,7 m and harvest every two to three years. The most productive on average in five years was willow three-song – 27,1-28,0 t per hectare and willow rod – 23,2 and 31,7 t per hectare of dry mass in Forest Steppe and Polissya, 28,2 and 21,2 t per hectare, respectively. According to economic indicators, the highest conditional net profit (21,1 thousand UAH per hectare) and the level of profitability (305%) provided willow rod on the scheme of planting 0,9 x 0,7 m and cleaning in the form of chips every three years.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133769997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosanitary condition of spring wheat crops depending on plowing of different and planar loosening","authors":"H. Koval, V.O. Yeshenko, M. Kalievsky, A. Karnaukh, Yu.I. Nakleka, I. Martyniuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the stationary experience of the Department of General Agriculture of the Uman National University of Horticulture, where during 2014–2016. The phytosanitary condition in crops of spring wheat was studied. The culture was located in a five-field crop rotation after spring rape. Factor A in the experiment was the soil cultivation methods represented by plowing and plow-cutting cultivation, and factor B – the depths of these cultivations — 15–17, 20–22, and 25–27 cm. The objects of research were the weediness of crops, the population of the soil with wintering larvae of the winter scoop, meadow moth and forged of striped and steppe and the degree of infection of cultivated plants with diseases: dark brown spotting, powdery mildew and helminthosporious root rot. The methodology for determining these elements of the phytosanitary state of spring wheat crops was generally accepted. According to three-year data, the replacement of plowing by plow-cutting cultivation was accompanied by a deterioration in the phytosanitary condition due to weed contamination of crops. Reducing the depth or replacing the methods of the main autumnal cultivation from 25–27 to 20–22 and 15–17 cm led to an increase in the level of weediness in crops. Both studied factors influenced the soil population for spring sowing of winter spring larvae of the main pests of spikes, when, due to the replacement of the waste processing, the subsurface number of larvae of the winter scoop, meadow moth and forgery increased by 51, 98 and 59 %, respectively, and due to a decrease in the depth of plowing from largest to smallest – by 258, 282 and 263 %, respectively. Similarly, under the influence of these factors, although the level of damage of wheat plants to spring leaf (dark brown spotting and powdery mildew) and root (helminthosporious root rot) diseases changed less pronounced. So, both ways to minimize the main autumn cultivation of the soil cause a deterioration in the phytosanitary condition of spring wheat crops.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115645625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petropavlivska – a new variety of edible buckwheat, with increased seed productivity and adaptivity in the conditions of the Forest-steppe","authors":"P.P. Karazhbei, M. Povydalo, M.P. Taranukho","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality. Buckwheat is a valuable food crop with unique medicinal and dietary properties of cereal and the ability to reduce radiation damage, traditional for Ukraine. Despite this, the sown area under buckwheat is insufficient to meet the needs of the population of our country. Under the conditions of climate change, breeders face an acute question regarding the creation of competitive, highly productive varieties of edible buckwheat with increased adaptive potential. Goal. Based on the results of the competitive test of 2018–2020, to select the best high- yielding breeding sample with increased adaptive potential to biotic and abiotic environmental factors in the conditions of the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing. Processing the results of experimental studies was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. According to the results of the competitive test of 2018-2020 selected a breeding sample p-4/13, which over the years of competitive testing significantly exceeded the standard by 95% probability, variety Olha, and proved to be a highly productive population with high adaptive potential. This population in 2020 was transferred to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination for state qualification examination (Application № 20008003 dated 10.11.2020) as a new variety of buckwheat Petropavlivska. Conclusions. A highly productive, early- ripening, determinant variety of edible buckwheat Petropavlivska was created, with biological grain yield of 2.2–2.5 t / ha, weight of 1000 grains of 28.9 g, grain uniformity of 85–88%, grain yield of 72%, protein content of 14,7–15.2%. The variety is resistant to lodging and shedding.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115862231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of segetal vegetation under adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine","authors":"M. Ptashnik, S. Dudnyk, F. Brukhal, N. Boris","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the results of research are presented the regularities of the formation of cenoses of segetal vegetation in field crops, in particular, corn for grain and soybeans, with adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine in order to develop effective, environmentally safe, resource-and energy-saving agrotechnological measures to control the level of contamination of agricultural land. The research was carried out during 2016-2020 in a stationary two – factor field experiment, which includes 5 alternative tillage systems (plowing, flat – cutting processing, differentiated – chiseling, shallow and surface – disking) and 3 fertilizer systems (without fertilizers; earning in the soil by – products of the predecessor; by-products + mineral fertilizers) in a short-term grain crop rotation (winter wheat-corn for grain-spring barley-soy) on gray large-sawn-light loamy forest soils.It was found that in agrocenoses of corn for grain and soybeans during the growing season, a small-year type of contamination is formed with a predominance of representatives of the Poaceae family, the monocotyledonous class, in particular Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria glauca L.The best results in controlling of the development of segetal vegetation on experimental variants were provided by varieties of deep tillage (plow, flat-cut or chisel) against the background of an organic-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessor into the soil and the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Such fertilizer systems decreased the contamination of crops by 38.9%.When cultivating the soil without turning the soil chunk – flat-cut and disking, against the background without fertilizers, the development of segetal vegetation was poorly controlled.Systems of minimized–shallow and surface disk treatments significantly (up to 88%) increased the abundance and (up to 91%) weight indicators of crop weed contamination in the pre-harvest period compared to multi-depth plowing and differentiated system of basic soil tilling.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128990612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hirnyk Drinking water quality of decentralized water supply in rural settlements of the Forest-steppe zone","authors":"L. Shkarivska, A. Davydiuk, I. Klymenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article was, on the basis of monitoring studies, to establish the peculiarities of the state of natural waters in the agrolandscapes of the Forest-steppe zone under various agrotechnogenic loads. The study used the method of agroecological monitoring and laboratory (methods of chemical, physico-chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, DSTU 3973-2000). The study of the state of natural water in 2015–2020 was conducted by the staff of the Department of Agroecology and analytical research of the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” in the agro-landscapes of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe in Kyiv region: in Kyiv-Sviatoshynskyi district - v. Gatne, v. Kruglik,v. Kryukivshchyna, v. Vita Poshtova, in Vasylkiv district -v. Dzvinkove, in the Tarashchansky district - the v. Rizhky, in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe - in the Poltava region, Shishatsky district, v. Manachynivka. The results of water analysis at stationary points of the Right-Bank and Left-Bank Forest-Steppe indicate that none of them was distinguished by the stability of physicochemical and chemical indicators, the quality of drinking water in rural settlements directly depends on the ecological state of agricultural landscapes and individual farms. The state of drinking water in the system of decentralized water supply of rural settlements in most cases did not correspond to the standards in force in Ukraine, which indicates a high anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes, an insufficient level of ecological culture and the need for monitoring. The issue of monitoring natural waters and reducing the risks of their pollution is important from the point of view of improving the quality of drinking water in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128218748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determination of specific phosphatmobilizing activity of soil microorganisms","authors":"I. Malynovska","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to compare the phosphate-mobilizing activity of 69 strains of the genus Bacillus on agar and liquid Muromtsev medium to identify a possible correlation between them. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, and statistical. The main results of the study. The closeness of the relationships between the activity of phosphates dissolving on agar and liquid nutrient media by strains of the genus Bacillus have been determined. There is no significant correlation between the size of the dissolution zone on the agar medium and the phosphorus removal in the culture fluid in a liquid medium has been found. However, the correlation coefficients between specific indicators - specific phosphate-mobilizing activity in a liquid nutrient medium (the ratio of the total quantity of dissolved phosphorus to the amount of grown biomass) and specific phosphamobilizing activity on agar medium (the ratio of the zone dimensions of dissolution to the colony size) - is considerable: for the first group = 0.603; for the second group R = 0.752; for the third group R = 0.864; for the fifth group, R = 0.732. The correlation coefficient has an average value (0.415) for the fourth group, includes strains with high phosphate-mobilizing activity (museum strains B. subtilis 54, B. subtilis 72, B. subtilis 101s, B. subtilis 100), as well a new isolated from the soil strains of Bacillus sp. D-31 and D-32. There is a close correlation (R3 = 0,670) between two specific indicators: specific phosphate-mobilizing activity on agar medium (Kr) and specific activity of FMP dissolution in liquid medium (Asp.). (Analysis has conducted taking into account all investigated strains of bacilli). Conclusions. The new indicator of specific phosphate-mobilizing activity use will simplify the screening of strains on agar medium.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116689805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system","authors":"Yaroslav Tsimbal, P. Boiko, I. Martyniuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}