Productivity and quality of sunflower seeds in different rotation crop rotations of the Forest-steppe zone according to the organo-mineral intensification system

Abstract

Aim. To determine the influence of the structure, selection and placement of field crops in different crop rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of sunflower seeds in particular. Methods. The research was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences. The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used to produce competitive commercial sunflower products. Results. Research was conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly show that during the 2016–2020 research period, a 7-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this zone saturated with sunflower by 14.3% (winter rape – winter wheat – sunflower – spring wheat – soybean – winter wheat – spring barley) under the organo-mineral intensification system (predecessor by-products + N90P60K90). Conclusion. The yield of sunflower seeds, which was grown after winter wheat, as a predecessor, with the saturation of crop rotations from 12.5 % to 20 % and the corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 3.91–4.44 t/ha, while the oil content in of sunflower seeds was at the level of 45.4–45.7 %.The economic efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the structure of multi-rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 24.93–30.14 thousand UAH/ha with a high level of profitability – 176–211%. .