IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)最新文献_第2页

Welfare Potential of Zakat: An Attempt to Estimate Economy Wide Zakat Collection in Pakistan 天课的福利潜力:巴基斯坦全经济天课收集的尝试

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-12-02 DOI: 10.30541/V54I4I-IIPP.1011-1027

Salman Ahmed Shaikh

{"title":"Welfare Potential of Zakat: An Attempt to Estimate Economy Wide Zakat Collection in Pakistan","authors":"Salman Ahmed Shaikh","doi":"10.30541/V54I4I-IIPP.1011-1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30541/V54I4I-IIPP.1011-1027","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic economics literature is rich in highlighting the welfare potential of Zakat, but very few empirical studies have undertaken the quantitative estimation of potential Zakat collection. In this study, we attempt to estimate potential Zakat collection at economy wide level to explore the welfare potential of the institution of Zakat. We attempt to estimate economy wide Zakat collection by including heads like Zakat on agriculture produce, value of livestock, tradable inventory, currency in circulation, foreign exchange reserves, estimated gold and silver deposits and financial assets like investments in National Savings Scheme (NSS), mutual funds, stock market capitalization, pension schemes and remunerative bank deposits. Our estimates suggest that approximately Zakat collection in Pakistan could reach 7% of total GDP and is sufficient for covering poverty gap in Pakistan. We also discuss that the institution of Zakat system can also have positive effects on flow of investment, promoting entrepreneurship culture and making capital markets and real estate markets more competitive. At the macroeconomic level, we also discuss the role of the institution of Zakat as a stabilizer.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123602904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Drivers of Innovation in the Industry and Services Sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲地区工业和服务业创新的驱动力

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2550186

Sidiki Soubeiga

{"title":"Drivers of Innovation in the Industry and Services Sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Sidiki Soubeiga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2550186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2550186","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigated the drivers of innovation in the manufacturing, industry and services sectors of 20 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and found that (i) secondary education matters for value-added creation or innovation but the manufacturing and industry sectors need more and more labors with technical skills and high-level training; (ii) the elasticity of access to finance by firms, especially SMEs, on innovation or value-added generation appears to be decreasing with the increase of the development level of the manufacturing and industry sectors, demonstrating that SSA’s countries need to devote efforts in supplying more medium and long-terms credits to industrial firms; (iii) the positive spillover effects of technological transfers expected from the inflow of foreign direct investment did not manifest because those investments were mostly oriented towards natural resource-based industries and have had weak local contents; (iv) value-added creation or innovation in the manufacturing and services sectors were severely affected by weak regulatory quality and government ineffectiveness in many countries, however weak control of corruption had variegated effects on value-added generation in these sectors depending on the specific pattern of industrial progress concerned. Those results are subject to our assumption that globalization imposes high degree of competition between firms in the latter region and those from all over the world so that entrepreneurs in these countries must innovate in order to be able to generate significant value added in the sectors of industry and high-value added services.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128623865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access to and Use of Bank Services in Nigeria: Micro-Econometric Evidence 尼日利亚银行服务的获取和使用:微观计量经济学证据

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2460961

U. Efobi, Ibukun Beecroft, E. Osabuohien

引用次数: 67

Долгосрочные Факторы и Перспективы Формирования Инновационной Экономики (Longterm Factors and Prospects of Formation of Innovation Based Economy) ДолгосрочныеФакторыиПерспективыФормированияИнновационнойЭкономики(长期因素和形成创新的经济前景)

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-04-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2433563

V. Faltsmann, L. Davydova

引用次数: 0

Innovation Financing in Developing Economies 发展中经济体的创新融资

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-03-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2403494

A. Leiponen, Sharon Poczter

{"title":"Innovation Financing in Developing Economies","authors":"A. Leiponen, Sharon Poczter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2403494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2403494","url":null,"abstract":"While finance is a critical input to the innovative process, it is often difficult to obtain, particularly in developing economies with less well-developed financial markets. As innovation is a central driver of growth, it is therefore important for policymakers to understand how different sources of financing may affect innovation. Extant literature emphasizes the relative importance of internal versus debt financing for innovative activity for firms in developed economies, yet the effect on innovation inclusive of other sources of external finance that may be particularly important in the developing context (such as informal financing) remain relatively unknown. This paper investigates the relationship between firms’ external capital sourcing and innovative activity in a large sample of developing economy enterprises. Contrary to the established literature that focuses largely on the impact of internal financing, we argue that external financing plays a central role in financing innovative activity in developing economies, particularly for more difficult to fund innovative activity. Results using instrumental variables estimation across a wide set of economies and a series of robustness checks for endogeneity indicate that a one standard deviation increase in external financing leads to a 28 percent increase in the probability of firm innovation, a magnitude far exceeding prior estimates of the relationship between external financing and innovation in the developed context. We also find that equity financing is a more salient driver of innovative activity for firms, even though most developing economies are bank-centered. These effects are larger for less tangible innovative processes and for firms facing greater a priori obstacles to innovation such as smaller and younger firms, and those with informal organizational structures. Altogether, these results imply that the provision of government incentives to private investors (including family and friends) for equity investment in innovative activity may be an effective development policy tool.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116806220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

R&D Poverty Traps 研发贫困陷阱

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-02-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2405003

A. García-Rodríguez, Fernando Sánchez Losada

{"title":"R&D Poverty Traps","authors":"A. García-Rodríguez, Fernando Sánchez Losada","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2405003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2405003","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we show that the R&D effort of a country and its economic growth are highly correlated. In order to analyze this relationship, we study the nature of the researching activity. In particular, we focus on the following characteristics of research: the inherent uncertainty of researching, the existence of a wage premium associated to innovative activities, and moral hazard. Assuming that a higher R&D effort translates into a higher R&D success probability, we show that when the R&D success probability is low, the economy is not willing to bear the risk associated to R&D activities. As a consequence, few researchers are hired and the economy stays in an R&D poverty trap, a situation where the economy is stacked in a low growth environment due to the uncertainty associated with the researching activity. In this situation, the economy grows at a constant rate, independent of the R&D success probability (although it could grow at a higher rate through a higher effort). On the other hand, if the economy increases its R&D effort such that the R&D success probability increases sufficiently, then the risk associated with R&D activities drops and the economy hires more researchers. Consequently, growth does depend on the R&D success probability and technological advancement becomes a driving force of the economy. We show that imperfect information widens this R&D poverty trap. We also show that subsidizing R&D through researchers' hiring increases growth, but it does not increase the likelihood of leaving the R&D poverty trap. Moreover, the subsidy widens the R&D poverty trap.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133059132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Overflows of Technological Innovation in Emerging Economies: The Case of M-Pesa 新兴经济体的技术创新溢出:以M-Pesa为例

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2617305

Niall Hayes, Gianluca Miscione, Chris Westrup

引用次数: 2

Telecom License Fees & Risks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards Better Licensing Policies 撒哈拉以南非洲的电信许可费和风险:走向更好的许可政策

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2232693

Aude Schoentgen

{"title":"Telecom License Fees & Risks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards Better Licensing Policies","authors":"Aude Schoentgen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2232693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2232693","url":null,"abstract":"Disparities in telecom license fees between countries might lead to skepticism of investors about the \"real\" value of a license and to reluctance to apply for those. This paper introduces a preliminary study on the relationship between license prices and host country environment in the African mobile sector. It is based on an original database that includes all mobile licenses acquisitions by the twelve biggest multinational operators that have invested in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2000-2010. First part of the paper proposes a detailed classification of host country characteristics & risks faced by an operator investing in a telecom asset in an African country, raising the awareness of the challenges facing African mobile operators. Second part includes a preliminary quantitative analysis on the correlation between license fees and host country environment. Hypothesis has been made that there is a correlation between license prices and host country indicators. Last part reminds it is necessary to have relevant license prices, so that investments amounts better reflect the characteristics and risks faced by investors on this continent. The paper highlights the importance of an accurate valuation of licenses as well as policy process in the promotion of further telecommunications investment on the continent.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128492165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Size Does Matter - Trends of SMEs Internationalization Strategies in Chinese Economy 当规模重要时——中国经济中中小企业国际化战略的趋势

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-11-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2182486

A. Pontiggia, T. Vescovi

{"title":"When Size Does Matter - Trends of SMEs Internationalization Strategies in Chinese Economy","authors":"A. Pontiggia, T. Vescovi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2182486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2182486","url":null,"abstract":"The strategies of internationalization have been one of hottest topics in managerial literature in the last decade. Interestingly to notice how deep and unexpected changes have challenged the mainstream of international management theories. This paper illustrates a framework and some preliminary results aim to comprehend how and why MMNEs (Medium-size Multinational Entreprise) internationalization strategies deviate from the more established strategies of multinational and global companies (MNC). We study a sample of Italian SMEs, analyzing the strategy choice and the governance models adopted in China businesses. Qualitative analysis highlights both the feasibility and sustainability of governance models (criteria and components) and forms (model execution and implementation). This paper investigates the specificities of SMEs: The adaptation process and, in some cases, the innovative governance forms analyzed in our sample of cases (described in the paper) are strongly affected by the following factors: first, the size does not fit the potential or actual dimension of market (size factor); Second, increasing difficulties to access to the countries? institutional externalities and strong reliance on the efficiency of markets in order to purchase product and services which they can not internalize (make or buy factor);. Third, negative effects of size preventing to reach arrangements with local and national government (government and local shareholders factor); Fourth, being part of the supply chain of larger firms (MNC) is a common entry mode in Chinese market. Last factor refers to the lack of resources (human, market and relational capital).","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Estudio Del Sector Telecomunicaciones En Colombia (The Telecommunication Sector in Colombia) 哥伦比亚电信部门研究(哥伦比亚电信部门)

IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2322766

Dennis Sanchez Navarro, Jenny-Paola Lis-Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo Herrera Saavedra

{"title":"Estudio Del Sector Telecomunicaciones En Colombia (The Telecommunication Sector in Colombia)","authors":"Dennis Sanchez Navarro, Jenny-Paola Lis-Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo Herrera Saavedra","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2322766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2322766","url":null,"abstract":"El sector de telecomunicaciones ha sido uno de los mas dinamicos en las ultimas decadas a nivel mundial, pues segun cifras del Banco Mundial (2012), en la ultima decada el segmento de telefonia movil reporto un crecimiento del 707,41%. Colombia no ha sido ajena a dicho proceso de interconexion y ha registrado un crecimiento importante en el sector. El presente documento hace una caracterizacion del sector en los ultimos anos y analiza posibles efectos sobre el grado de competencia del mercado que podrian derivarse del proceso de asignacion de espectro en Colombia para tecnologia 4G.The telecommunications sector has been one of the most dynamic in recent decades worldwide, because according to the World Bank (2012), in the last decade, the mobile phone segment reported a growth of 707.41%. Colombia has not been immune to the interconnection process and has recorded significant growth in the sector. This document presents a characterization of the sector in recent years and discusses possible effects on the degree of market competition that could result from the process of spectrum auction for 4G technology in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128821379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1