IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Outward FDI as a Strategy for Technology Catch-Up: A Case Study of Two Indian Automotive Firms","authors":"Reji K. Joseph","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3911181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3911181","url":null,"abstract":"Liberalisation of outward FDI (OFDI) in India at the beginning of this millennium had resulted in a spurt in OFDI flows from India. Automotive was one of the leading sectors of origin of OFDI. Interestingly, it was also found that nearly half of the total innovation-oriented greenfield OFDI, originating from the manufacturing sector of India, had come from this sector alone. This paper, which looks into the factors leading to OFDI from the Indian automotive sector and the impact of such investments through a case study of two Indian automotive firms, finds that acquisition of technology was a major driver of OFDI. The fast-changing preferences of Indian consumers necessitated going outward for the acquisition of technology and know-how. This has resulted in the establishment of an R&D network located in different parts of the world to continuously work on improving the products and identifying new possibilities. This has also resulted in the increased R&D spending and the introduction of vehicles that meet the toughest global safety and environmental standards.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133545894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rise of the Economic Technocracy in Rwanda: A Case of a Bureaucratic Pocket of Effectiveness or State-Building Prioritisation?","authors":"Benjamin Chemouni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3437757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3437757","url":null,"abstract":"The Rwandan Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) is recognised as the most effective organisation in the Rwandan state. The objective of the paper is to understand the organisational and political factors influencing MINECOFIN’s performance since the genocide and link them to the wider conversation on the role of pockets of effectiveness (PoEs) in state-building in Africa. It argues that, because of the Rwandan political settlement and elite vulnerability, MINECOFIN is not a PoE but only a good performer in a generally well functioning state. The Ministry overperforms first because, unsurprisingly, the nature of its tasks is specific, requires little embeddedness and allows a great exposure to donors, making its mandate easier to deliver in comparison to other organisations. MINECOFIN also performs better than other state organisations because it is, more than others, at the frontline of the elite legitimation project since it is the organisation through which resources are channelled, priorities decided, and developmental efforts coordinated. Given the rulers’ need for an effective state as a whole, MINECOFIN appears only as the lead climber in a wider dynamics of systematic state building.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123630940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Payments: Impact Factors and Mass Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"L. Soutter, Kenzie Ferguson, Michael Neubert","doi":"10.22215/TIMREVIEW/1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22215/TIMREVIEW/1254","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores impact factors that affect the adoption of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we investigate the impact factors that subject-matter experts consider most important to the success of FinTech payment models. The data and their responses are evaluated through the lens of Christensen’s market-creation theory, which contends that the adoption of market-creating innovations by a mass swathe of heretofore non-consumers “pulls” framework conditions into place, including missing infrastructure and enabling regulation. Then, we compare the findings with the literature and three case studies of mobile money adoption in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the payment and money transfer segment of FinTech innovations in Africa using a multiple case study methodology. We drew together information from multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews, archival data in the form of industry and regulatory reports, and observational field notes. Our findings suggest that enabling environments (Kenya) do jumpstart adoption and difficult frameworks (Nigeria) do evolve. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in Africa.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121878692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power and Export Sophistication in Buyer-Supplier Relationships: Insights from Colombian Customs Data","authors":"Filippo Bontadini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3414331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414331","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the association between buyer-supplier international trade relationships and supplier’s product upgrading. We proxy the suppliers’ upgrading with a measure of product sophistication. We first propose a measure of power in the trade relationship, combining the dependence of each firm onthe trading partner and their market shares. Using transaction data from Colombia, we next estimate if the measure of power relationship predicts a supplier’s export sophistication, the probability of adding a new product in the trading relationship, and that of increasing export sophistication. We find that suppliers that are highly dependent on buyer’s imports are more likely to fall into a specialisation trap in low sophistication products. Buyers with large market shares trade in sophisticated products, therefore with little margin for upgrading; suppliers with large market shares are more likely to introduce new products, but trade pairs where the buyer depends on the supplier are more likely to upgrade. We further test whether these relationships hold across different destination countries, finding in particular that buyers dominating the market in the US tend to import low-sophistication products and make it harder for suppliers to upgrade. We contribute to the recent literature on buyer-supplier relationships by explicitly including a measure of power into our analysis. In doing this, we also offer further support and complement the qualitative evidence put forward by the literature on governance in global value chains (GVCs).","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firm Performance and State Innovation Funding: Evidence from China's Innofund Program","authors":"Yanbo Wang, Jizhen Li, Jeffrey L. Furman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2597673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2597673","url":null,"abstract":"Can firms leverage public entrepreneurship investments to improve innovation and financial performance? Analysis of this question is frustrated by the difficulty of distinguishing treatment from selection effects. We take advantage of internal administrative data on applications to China’s Innofund program in order (a) to identify which application features are associated with higher chances of obtaining grants and (b) to evaluate the causal impact of receiving a grant on firm performance using a regression discontinuity (RD) design. With regards to grant receipt, we find that firms possessing observable merits and political connections are more likely to receive Innofund grants. We also find evidence of bureaucratic intervention, as applicants’ evaluation scores are non-randomly missing and that some firms whose scores did not meet funding standards nonetheless received grants. With regards to post-grant performance, we find that firms receiving high project evaluation scores and Innofund grants perform better than those that do not receive grants and have lower scores. These do not appear to be causal effects, however. Applying Fuzzy RD methods, we find no evidence that receiving an Innofund grant boosts survival, patenting, or venture funding. Our analysis demonstrates the value of administrative data for causal analysis and for uncovering evidence regarding the possibility that bureaucratic intervention affects firm and program outcomes.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"146 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134092299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge as the Key Indicator Toward Enhancing Organizational Value in Developing Countries","authors":"F. Ahmeti, Halil Kukaj, Burim Prenaj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2732513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2732513","url":null,"abstract":"All countries in South Eastern Europe (SEE), in particular countries emerged from ex-Yugoslavia, are going through the transition process for many years. Switching from one economy to another, from closed and centralized to open and free market economy, has forced many companies to change their working and operating culture, especially the communication culture. Hence, the entire economy has started to learn new rules of the global market, new working culture, and they needed to understand, launch and to execute them, especially undeveloped countries such as Kosovo. Having this in mind, not only the organizations needed to change, but the most important was that individuals within those countries needed to change their working and communication culture. This study highlights the importance and explores the contributions of the importance of knowledge within the organization and the role of resources and information toward developing and enhancing new organizational value. Additionally, as the market is becoming more open for new entries, highly decentralized organizations are operating across a broader range of countries, without tending to centralize their operation to a single location. Hence, this has minimized the importance of a geographic area (as well as the home region) and is no longer treated as a priority to be the primary base for any (or all) functional area of global organizations. Many functions that are part of every organization, such as its resources and access to the needed information, are seen as the most important and crucial source of knowledge. As revealed by the study, many tools are developed for creating new added organizational value.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132284392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Management Quality on Innovation Performance of Firms in Emerging Countries","authors":"O. Sidorkin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2700629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2700629","url":null,"abstract":"I study the impact of management quality on innovation input and output of manufacturing firms in ten emerging countries using data from the Management, Organization and Innovation (MOI) Survey. I find effects of management quality on the decisions of firms to invest in R&D hold for both EU and non-EU emerging countries. An improvement in management quality from the 25th percentile to the median is associated with a 4.5 percentage point increase in the propensity to invest in R&D and a 5.7 percent increase in R&D spending per employee. Furthermore, there are positive but weak effects of management quality on product innovation. The empirical results for individual management practices show that the quality of monitoring management is intimately connected with innovation input and output. The quality of incentive management is related to higher input into innovation, but not to innovation output. The overall effects of operations and targeting management quality do not prove to be significant. All results hold after controlling for differences in management quality by industries. Additional analysis of management quality asymmetry shows that the results are driven mainly by firms with low quality management.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117289822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SMEs: The Smart Enterprises - Revisited","authors":"R. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2669548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2669548","url":null,"abstract":"Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for the economic growth and stability of any country. By facilitating economic activity and provide employment they play a vital role especially for developing countries for contributing to poverty reduction. SME’s considered as the backbone of Indian economy.The major constraints of SMEs are lack of finance for start-up and working capital, Lack of skilled manpower to manage the production, service and marketing. Lack of Line of credit from the suppliers, inability to use new technology to produce quality products/give service.Most of the banks consider lending to SMEs an unattractive venture due to a range of factors including information asymmetries and consequently high transaction costs, collateral requirement, financial products not meeting SME sector requirements in medium to long term Information asymmetries, due to inefficient legal system and weak governance structures of SMEs, result in higher transaction costs on the supply side. On the demand side we find most of the SMEs tend to shy away from formal modes of financing due to the high cost of credit, lengthy procedures, collateral requirements and lack of awareness about the benefits of corporate governance.External finance cannot be obtained by firms in their start-up phase as their management structures are not transparent and usually have intangible assets. International investors are often reluctant to invest in developing countries because their institutions do not provide an adequate level of security for their investment particularly in terms of enforceability of legal rights and governance framework.MNCs and international investors will be willing to forge partnership with SMEs only when their level of confidence and trust increases regarding transparency and governance of the local partner.Most of the SMEs are family owned enterprises and there is no clarity on the roles resulting in credibility problems and inability to arrive at strategic decisions.Good governance is vital for the development of a healthy and competitive corporate sector. For SMEs, corporate governance is about the respective roles of the shareholders as owners and the managers. It is about establishing rules and procedures to manage and run the enterprise.It has been empirically tested that good governance practices of a company gives a positive signal to investors. With the globalization of markets, international capital flows have become extremely valuable source of external financing.Good corporate governance leads to development of a framework that provides adequate protection to the interests of stakeholders and reinforces the fiduciary responsibilities of those vested with the authority to act on behalf of the stakeholders.This paper would analyze the current status of Indian SMEs and how, the introduction SMART governance frame work can make the SMEs SMART Enterprises.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"547 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123239322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Self Help Group (I-SHG) - The Potential Maximized Through a Sustainable Social Business Model","authors":"C. Kochukalam, Jeffin Joseph","doi":"10.17697/IBMRD/2015/V4I1/60339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17697/IBMRD/2015/V4I1/60339","url":null,"abstract":"For the empowerment of rural (poor) women, most of the developing nations, including India, have developed means through Self Help Groups. Kerala , being one of the states with most literacy rates, the SHG concept has been understood and replicated with rigour Such groups are provided with support and encouragement for setting up of a unit - mainly product oriented-limited to their expertise and interest sometimes exceeding to the level of gaining competence through training and development. At present most of these units are self-contained within the horizons of their competence and expertise. Improvements in their operations, business planning, innovating, finding newer and better markets, scientifically managing the business as a whole, all possesses great challenge. This becomes a mammoth task when the numbers of units are growing. Beyond women collectives men are forming SHGs as well and the task of micro managing theses units becomes nearly in-adequate and hence a better mechanism of sustainable development is thought of by creating platform to integrate various SHGs especially from the rural part of the state, but not limiting to it, with a large pool of MBA aspirants from various B-Schools. This collaboration when linked to a massive intellectual, practical and experienced resource of retired self- actualizes and industry experts could amplify the cooperative model. Innovative integration of management education to the \"grassroot level empowerment\" christened as I-SHG (Integrated Self Help Group) is an Online Portal-based working project aimed at collaboration, cooperation and coexistence of prevailing SHGs, MBA aspirants, academicians, practicing experts, inspired professionals, corporate entities, retired self actualizers, voluntary groups, financial institutions, regulatory bodies and the government both online and offline. This is an initiative mainly to connect the rural segment with the global paradigms resulting in a sustainable Social Business Model. The concept could be replicated in various management related situations where a collective problem solving is required.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121126068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Issue of E-Commerce and its Implications in Indian Economy","authors":"K. Santosh, Dr. Santosh Suryawanshi","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1367394.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1367394.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, rising internet and mobile phone diffusion has changed the way we communicate and do business. E-commerce is relatively an innovative concept. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) as part of the information technology revolution became widely used in the world trade in general and Indian economy in particular. With innovations in technology, there have been changes in the methodology for commercial dealings. India is one of speedy adaptor of technology. Is quickly with the current scenario of electronic data exchanges and has taken to e-commerce. In view of this, this research paper tries to express the idea of E-commerce and E-commerce implication in the Indian economy and its Contemporary issue.","PeriodicalId":268548,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Development Economics (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131818313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}