{"title":"System-Theoretical Modeling and Analysis of Phase Control in a Photonically Steered Terahertz Phased Array Transmitter","authors":"K. Kolpatzeck, Xuan-He Liu, L. Häring, A. Czylwik","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454691","url":null,"abstract":"The use of photonic phase shift beamforming is highly attractive in terahertz transmitters due to its seamless integration with terahertz generation by photomixing. By feeding several photodiodes with coherent infrared signals with well-defined phase relationships, highly directed and steerable terahertz radiation can be generated. At the same time, the total radiated power is increased by free-space power combining. Since optical phase modulators are readily available in planar lightwave circuit technology and do not need to scale with RF frequency, planar optic integration is simplified compared to photonic true time delay beamforming. However, phase fluctuations due to thermal and mechanical influences become a major issue if fiber-optic components are used and necessitate the implementation of a phase control circuit. Since direct detection of the terahertz phases is not feasible, an alternative approach is needed. In this paper, a concept for controlling the terahertz phases using a lower-frequency reference tone generated by a second set of infrared lasers is proposed and a simplified system-theoretical model is developed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Ali, E. Cipriani, T. Johansen, P. Colantonio
{"title":"Study of 130 nm SiGe HBT Periphery in the Design of 160 GHz Power Amplifier","authors":"Abdul Ali, E. Cipriani, T. Johansen, P. Colantonio","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454697","url":null,"abstract":"At mm wave, and sub-THz frequencies the foundry usually does not provide information about the power amplifying capability or optimum impedances of the transistors for maximum power, and efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we studied and analyzed the size of a SiGe HBT (Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) in terms of output power and efficiency performance for the design of a power amplifier (PA) operating at 160 GHz. Load pull simulations were performed for various size of transistors. Optimum size transistors resulting in high power and efficiency are used to design a 160 GHz power amplifier using the foundry models for transmission lines and MIM capacitors. The simulated power amplifier (excluding interconnects for transistors and MIM) achieves a simulated output power of 18 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 19%. Future work includes the design of low loss interconnects for transistors and MIM capacitors, and fabrication of the power amplifier.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123608139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Surkamp, B. Döpke, Y. Hu, C. Brenner, M. Hofmann, A. Klehr, A. Knigge, G. Tränkle
{"title":"Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy by Asynchronous Sampling with Modelocked Semiconductor Lasers","authors":"N. Surkamp, B. Döpke, Y. Hu, C. Brenner, M. Hofmann, A. Klehr, A. Knigge, G. Tränkle","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454698","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband terahertz spectroscopy measurements are commonly recorded with time domain systems that require a mechanical delay stage to obtain sampling of the terahertz transient. The principle limitation in measurement time for such detection schemes arises from the necessary stage movement to acquire the terahertz signal. The fastest systems use two ultrafast fiber or solid-state lasers for asynchronous sampling, which results in a fast system at the drawback of high cost. In our proof of principle study, we synchronize two hybridly modelocked semiconductor lasers to perform terahertz time domain spectroscopy by asynchronous sampling. The two external cavity lasers operate at repetition frequencies of 392.8 MHz with an offset of 125 Hz and emit in the wavelength range of 830 nm. We obtain Terahertz transients with spectral components of up to 250 GHz which is mainly limited by the detection system. This enables very compact and highly cost effective terahertz spectroscopy systems and may prepare the way for industrial applications","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Ray-Tracing Algorithm for Non-Specular Diffuse Scattered Rays at Terahertz Frequencies","authors":"F. Sheikh, D. Lessy, T. Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454694","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel self-programmed three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing algorithm (RTA) based on Beckmann-Kirchhoff (B-K) model for modeling diffuse scattering mechanism in non-specular directions at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The terahertz or submillimeter-wave frequencies pose unique challenges for channel modeling due to sparse and extreme frequency selective behaviour of the propagation mechanism. In particular, the most critical feature proved to provide important contributions in determining spatial and temporal dispersion in the submillimeter-wave band is the diffuse scattering mechanism, wherein an incident ray may split into a specular and several non-specular (diffused scattered) rays after bouncing off from rough materials. This makes the diffuse scattering or scattering from rough surfaces a necessary design consideration constituting a high proportion of all the propagation rays and hence, must be accounted for propagation modeling to accurately predict channel characteristics. Next, we integrate our MATLAB-based proposed algorithm to a commercial ray-tracing tool to derive a spatiotemporal model of scattered multipath propagation channels considering rough materials in a realistic office environment for both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios. So far none of the commercially available ray-tracing tools have implemented this scattering model yet.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126265859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Super-Resolution FMCW Radar System at 60 GHz for 3D Measurements","authors":"D. Damyanov, T. Schultze, I. Willms","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454688","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of high-precision Radar Object Recognition (OR) system for real life emergency scenarios, a 60 GHz Super-Resolution FMCW radar imaging system is presented in this paper. Conventional radar imaging systems are limited by different hardware parameters such as bandwidth and antenna pattern resulting in distorted and noisy low-resolution (LR) images hindering the possibility of correct object recognition. Hence the radar imaging system proposed in this paper provides super-resolution (SR) images based on SR reconstruction methods typically used for low-cost optical components. Furthermore, the proposed SR radar system uses a low-cost single chip 60 GHz FMCW radar with two Rx antennas and one Tx antenna in a quasi monostatic configuration. The experimental validations are performed with geometrically complex targets by acquiring 3D radar images.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132901645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dülme, N. Schrinski, B. Khani, P. Lu, V. Rymanov, A. Stöhr, C. Brenner, M. Hofmann
{"title":"Compact Optoelectronic THz Frequency Domain Spectroscopy System for Refractive Index Determination based on Fabry-Perot Effect","authors":"S. Dülme, N. Schrinski, B. Khani, P. Lu, V. Rymanov, A. Stöhr, C. Brenner, M. Hofmann","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454695","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a compact optoelectronic THz frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) system for determination the real part of the refractive index of a semiconductor wafer with a given thickness. The concept is based on the detection of transmission maxima, which appear due to Fabry-Perot interferences inside the wafer and which depend on the refractive index of the semiconductor material. This all-fiber based THz FDS setup consists of two external cavity laser diodes and an uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) module on the emitter side, while a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) is used as THz receiver. Since we don't need any additional lenses and because of the small device dimensions, this setup is compact in size, compared with traditional bulky TDS systems. We prove our THz FDS concept by characterizing of a semi-insulating iron-doped indium phosphide (InP:Fe) wafers with different thicknesses within a frequency range from 220 GHz up to 450 GHz. Based on the determination of the free spectral range (FSR) between the Fabry-Perot transmission maxima, a refractive index of 3.475 for this frequency region is obtained. Additional THz time domain spectroscopy experiments match the THz FDS results very well and confirm our results. Furthermore, analytic calculations are in excellent agreement with the measurements. A planned transfer of this THz FDS approach to a completely hybrid or monolithic integration of all photonic devices in a compact module could be offer a very small and full mobile THz spectroscopy setup.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128908365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Makhlouf, B. Khani, J. Lackmann, S. Dülme, A. Stöhr
{"title":"Metallic 3D Printed Rectangular Waveguides (WR3) for Rapid Prototyping of THz Packages","authors":"S. Makhlouf, B. Khani, J. Lackmann, S. Dülme, A. Stöhr","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454684","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, laser beam melting (LBM) is used for direct 3D printing of hollow-metallic rectangular waveguides (WRs) within the WR3-band (230–320 GHz). By using laser beam melting of stainless steel (SS) 316L powder, a WR3 waveguide is fabricated in a single 3D printing process. This eliminates the need for costly mechanical and chemical post-printing processes required in traditional micromachining and non-metallic 3D printing technologies. In addition, the metallic LBM waveguides outperform the non-metallic ones in mechanical robustness. On the other hand, the surface roughness for LBM SS316L is typically higher as compared to non-metallic printed structures. For rectangular waveguides, this leads to slightly higher transmission losses. According to these performances, 3D metallic printing can be considered as a suitable technology for rapid prototyping, e.g. for high-frequency photodiode (PD) packages, where complex PD packages are printed in a single fabrication step. Since the length of the rectangular waveguide in the terahertz photodiode package is only a few millimeter long, slightly higher transmission losses can be accommodated. To investigate the use of LBM technology for THz PD packages, the impact of the surface roughness on the electrical performance of the fabricated waveguides is numerically and experimentally analyzed. The measured average inner surface roughness is about 50 µm, whereas it is about 47.7 µm at the WR3 flange surface, resulting in an RF insertion loss of about 0.7 dB/mm. By smoothing the WR3 flange surface to values as low as 2 µm via a simple milling process, RF losses are reduced down to 0.3 dB/mm.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133368246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparison Study of Non-specular Diffuse Scattering Models at Terahertz Frequencies","authors":"F. Sheikh, D. Lessy, Mai Alissa, T. Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454692","url":null,"abstract":"At terahertz (THz) frequencies, dimensions of optically thin building materials (e.g., sand-lime brick, gypsum plaster) are comparable to or even larger than the wavelength. Such materials, normally neglected and assumed smooth evidently become rough now. A smooth material will reflect the incident ray specularly in a single direction, whilst a rough material will scatter it into various directions. Perhaps, for very rough materials the specular reflection loses its privileged position, and the non-specular diffusely scattered rays dominate the reflection behaviour. Likewise, a widely known fact that the surface roughness alters the scattered field far more than its electrical properties, emphasizes that these unique features lead to new multipath scattering models to characterize the THz channel. Effective Roughness (ER) and Beckmann-Kirchhoff (B-K) models address the problem of diffuse scattering by means of approximate models. This paper compares the aforementioned models considering the impact of diffuse scattering on total received power by employing ray-tracing tool in an indoor office environment. For this study, particular attention is diverted to the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenario due to its imminence in terms of coverage and performance.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"35 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125721634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez, M. Schüßler, R. Jakoby, Christopher Krause, F. Meyer, G. V. Bögel
{"title":"Photonic Crystal THz High-Q Resonator for Chipless Wireless Identification","authors":"Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez, M. Schüßler, R. Jakoby, Christopher Krause, F. Meyer, G. V. Bögel","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454693","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the considerations and simulations made for the design and characterization of a high-Q resonator for wireless identification at 90 GHz are presented with the perspective to extend them to the low THz range. The designed resonator in high-resistive silicon has a quality factor of 700 and different simulation methods close to real measurement scenarios are shown to demonstrate the potential of the presented topology for the generation of identifications that can be wirelessly read in the low THz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115182023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Validation of a Phase Control Concept for Photonically Steered Terahertz Phased Array Transmitters at Microwave Frequencies","authors":"Xuan-He Liu, K. Kolpatzeck, L. Häring, A. Czylwik","doi":"10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454685","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the THz gap is slowly filled in with the rapid improvement of THz sources and detectors. However, low radiation power at higher THz frequencies still limits the variety of applications and remains as a challenge. A phased array transmitter offers a solution to overcome that issue. It can be realized in the optical domain by employing photomixing for terahertz generation and implementing the mature concept of photonic beamforming. However, the fiber based photonic beamforming system may suffer from phase drift that cannot be easily determined due to the lack of phase detection circuitry at terahertz frequencies. In this paper a 4-element phased array with phase control using a lower frequency reference tone is demonstrated and preliminary measurement results at microwave frequencies are presented.","PeriodicalId":267901,"journal":{"name":"2018 First International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz Systems (IWMTS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116064360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}