{"title":"Effects of irradiation modes in photodynamic therapy with azulene on singlet oxygen formation","authors":"Teerasak Damrongrungruang, Sutthichon Rattanayatikul, Nattapon Sontikarn, Boonsita Wuttiruk, Aroon Teerakapong, P. Tippayawat","doi":"10.1117/12.2525585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525585","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in the irradiation mode in Photodynamic Therapy result in different quantities of reactive oxygen species. We aimed to quantify the singlet oxygen formation in Photodynamic Therapy among various modes of red LED irradiation. Azulene powder was dissolved in ethanol/deionized water to obtain concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μM. For all samples (90 μl/well), 10 μl of 10 mM dimethyl anthracene was added to each well of a 96-black well plate along with a singlet oxygen probe. After 30 minutes, irradiation was performed in arbitrary light units (638 nm, 0.5 watts, light bulb-to-well bottom distance = 2 mm) to obtain 4 or 40 J/cm2 by any of the following irradiation modes: 1) a Continuous Mode, 2) a Fractional Mode (4 sessions, each session = 1/4 of final energy density resting 15 minutes between each session), or 3) a Pulse Mode (by alternative irradiation 300 msec with resting 700 msec). Samples were then subjected to singlet oxygen detection in a Varioskan (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) fluorescence microplate reader (excitation/emission wavelength = 375/436 nm). Measurements were performed in triplicate and the fluorescence intensity (relative singlet oxygen amount) was recorded. Kruskal Wallis with the Mann Whitney U test was performed, and p < 0.05 was determined as the significant difference. The amounts of relative singlet oxygen from PDT with higher energy density were relatively higher than those with lower energy. The continuous mode of irradiation resulted in a relatively higher singlet oxygen amount (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the continuous mode of red light irradiation with 40 J/cm2 with azulene can produce the highest amount of singlet oxygen using a fluorescence probe.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115350090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sonophotodynamic Therapy for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm","authors":"F. Alves, N. Inada, V. Bagnato, C. Kurachi","doi":"10.1117/12.2528214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528214","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has been investigated as an alternative method for the inactivation of microorganisms. This treatment, which is based on the application of a photosensitizer and visible light, has a reduced effectiveness when the microorganisms are organized as biofilm. Recently, Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) has also been suggested as an antimicrobial treatment presenting the advantage of activating photosensitizer by the use of ultrasound (US), which propagates deeper into the tissue and is able to disrupt the biofilm. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of associating US with aPDT mediated by curcumin (Cur), in order to disrupt Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and increase the inactivation of the bacteria. For this, standardized suspensions of S. aureus were prepared (108) and after 48 h of biofilm formation, samples received the following treatments: aPDT (Cur and blue LED light), SDT (Cur and US) and SPDT (incubation with Cur and, then, simultaneously application of US and light). Additional samples received Cur, light or US only, or no treatment (control). To determine cell survival, the biofilms were removed and aliquots were serially diluted and plated in Brain Heart Infusion Agar. After 24 h of incubation at 37°C, the colony forming units were calculated. The preliminary results demonstrated that US in combination with aPDT (SPDT) showed higher and significant bacteria reduction compared to the application of SDT and aPDT. Cur, LED light or US alone did not have any effect. This result highlights the enhanced effect of ultrasound and aPDT against S. aureus biofilms.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124031264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. E. Ibarra, L. Beaugé, C. Chesta, V. Rivarola, R. Palacios
{"title":"Exploiting cellular delivery of conjugated polymer nanoparticles for improved photodynamic therapy in a 3D glioblastoma model","authors":"L. E. Ibarra, L. Beaugé, C. Chesta, V. Rivarola, R. Palacios","doi":"10.1117/12.2526763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526763","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has recently gain attention as alternative treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) cancer diseases, due to the demonstration of successfully elimination of gliomas in patients. The implementation of PDT for brain tumors, and especially glioblastoma (GBM), has already been approved in some countries. Due to their superb light absorption and photostability conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are promising photosensitizers (PS) for use in PDT. Recently, we developed metallated porphyrin-doped CPNs for PDT and demonstrated that they were effective eliminating glioma cells trough ROS-mediated photoinduced damage. A problem of many therapies used to eradicate brain gliomas is the difficulty of arrival and preferential accumulation of the active drug into the tumor upon systemic administration due to the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To solve this problem our approach employs mononuclear cells, which can cross BBB and infiltrate tumors, as stealth carriers for drug delivery into brain tumors. In this study loading of CPNs into monocytes/macrophages was demonstrated and the cellular functionality, chemotaxis and penetration of these loaded monocytes/macrophages into GBM spheroids (3D tumor models) was tested. CPNs loading was successfully achieved using human monocytes THP-1 and mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMdM) without disturbing cell viability and differentiation potential towards macrophage state. CPNs-loaded monocytes were found to better infiltrate spheroids as compared to CPNs. Furthermore, PDT efficacy on GBM spheroids was improved when using our monocyte-mediated delivery strategy","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126254504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Latos, A. Sieroń, G. Cieślar, A. Kawczyk-Krupka
{"title":"The benefits of targeted endoscopic biopsy performed using the autofluorescence based diagnostic technique in gastrointestinal tumors","authors":"W. Latos, A. Sieroń, G. Cieślar, A. Kawczyk-Krupka","doi":"10.1117/12.2525527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525527","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective The search for new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is an essential task in contemporary oncology. The purpose of our study was the evaluation of the practical usefulness of endoscopic autofluorescence assessment (AFE) using the Onco-LIFE system, and the estimation of the correlation between the histopathological evaluation with the degree of lesions’ Numerical Color Value (NCV index) and the method’s sensitivity and specificity valuation. Material 67 patients were analyzed and had previously a tumor of the gastrointestinal tract which appeared malignant, but without histopathological confirmation. We measured NCV, estimated the correlation of the clinical diagnosis based on histopathological evaluation with the degree of NCV index from gastrointestinal lesions, and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of this method. Results In the group of 67 patients, we found 44 cases of primary or secondary cancers and 7 cases of non-epithelial malignancies. In this group (51 patients) we identified 13 colorectal cancers and 38 upper gastrointestinal cancers. Based on the NCV index at NCV>1.0, we can show that the sensitivity for malignant neoplastic lesions was 100% and the specificity was 73%, while for NCV>1.5, the sensitivity for malignant neoplastic lesions was 86% and the specificity 100%. Conclusion AFE using the Onco-LIFE system is a helpful tool to perform targeted biopsies at the outset. A significant correlation was found between lesions’ NCV index and the grade of dysplasia or tumor malignancy. AFE sensitivity and specificity is higher than WLE. Further studies are needed, especially performed by expert endoscopists.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Amaro, M. Gomez‐Mendoza, Ana B. Descalzo, Luis Rivas, G. Orellana
{"title":"Self-sterilizing photoactivated catheters to prevent nosocomial infections","authors":"F. Amaro, M. Gomez‐Mendoza, Ana B. Descalzo, Luis Rivas, G. Orellana","doi":"10.1117/12.2525896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525896","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on catheters are the primary causes of nosocomial infections and entails a limitation for their long-term use, often requiring catheter removal. Ca. 80% of the urinary tract infections contracted by patients in hospitals are catheter-associated, leading to substantial morbidity, mortality and higher costs. The increase of multi-drug resistant bacteria has created an urgent need for new strategies to prevent biofilm formation on catheters and antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) appears to be a promising approach. We have developed (patent pending) self-sterilizing silicone catheters with a covalently attached layer of photosensitizer (PS) that shows strong antibacterial effect in vitro against a panel of bacterial species commonly related to catheter-associated infections such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Illumination with a 532 nm diode laser light of the PSderivatized catheter surfaces induced killing of 99-99.9% of the bacterial biofilm attached to it. The population survival decreased to a negligible level after 60 min of illumination and no significant decrease of the bacterial viability was observed in the absence of either light or PS. Time-resolved luminescence measurements with detection at 1265 nm confirmed generation of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) only in PS-derivatized catheters upon illumination, paving the way for future applications to reduce the occurrence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129301231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JC Atenco-Cuautle, M. Delgado-López, R. Ramos-García, J. Ramirez-San-Juan, J. Ramirez-Ramirez, T. Spezzia-Mazzocco
{"title":"Rose bengal as a photosensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cell lines","authors":"JC Atenco-Cuautle, M. Delgado-López, R. Ramos-García, J. Ramirez-San-Juan, J. Ramirez-Ramirez, T. Spezzia-Mazzocco","doi":"10.1117/12.2525456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525456","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer implies a very important health problem worldwide since it represents the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate among women in 2018. Traditional treatments are not always totally efficient, causing severe systemic side effects, therefore the search for alternative treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) is of vital importance. In the present work, we show the in vitro effects of rose bengal (RB) as a photosensitizer (PS) and green light (500-550 nm) to eliminate two breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231, a triple negative line highly aggressive and invasive, and T47D, a luminal line of the infiltrating ductal type. RB concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 5 μM and radiation fluences of 2.5, 5 and 10 J/cm2 were evaluated. Cell viability was evaluated with the MTT test, obtaining the best effect with 5 μM concentration and 10 J/cm2 light dose.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128843665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoprotective effect of catechin during ALA-PDT","authors":"Jaroslava Joniová, G. Wagnières","doi":"10.1117/12.2527278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527278","url":null,"abstract":"The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal tissues is associated with side effects of many cancer treatments. This is, in particular, the case for the skin photosensitization experienced by certain patients subjected to PDT based on a systemic administration of photosensitizers (PS). Similarly, the ROS generated in normal tissues during radiotherapies are responsible for the damages induced in various organs, including the skin. Catechin, a natural antioxidant belonging to the family of flavan-3-ols (or flavanols), is known for its beneficial properties associated with its antioxidant action. Therefore, the main aim of the study reported here is to determine if catechin can reduce certain damages induced by PDT performed with one of the most common photosensitizers, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Our study was performed on an in vivo model, the vasculature developing in the chick’s embryo chorioallantoic membrane, which was treated with a topical administration of a 20 mg/mL ALA solution during 4 hours before PDT. We demonstrated that the topical administration of catechin can significantly inhibit the vascular damages induced by ALA-PpIX-based PDT. Our results strongly suggest that catechin possesses a photoprotective effects against PpIX-PDT as well as other sources of ROS.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Reburn, Lizette Anayo, Anette L Magnussen, A. Perry, M. Wood, A. Curnow
{"title":"Experimental findings utilising a new iron chelating ALA prodrug to enhance protoporphyrin IX-induced photodynamic therapy","authors":"Charlotte Reburn, Lizette Anayo, Anette L Magnussen, A. Perry, M. Wood, A. Curnow","doi":"10.1117/12.2525819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525819","url":null,"abstract":"Administration of a separate iron chelating agent during protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-PDT has previously been demonstrated to increase the temporary accumulation of PpIX (by reducing its iron dependent bioconversion to haem by ferrochelatase), resulting in increased efficacy on irradiation. A novel ester between aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and the hydroxypyridinone iron chelating agent CP94 was therefore synthesised (AP2-18) and experimentally evaluated to determine if PpIX-induced PDT effectiveness could be improved by this new combinational agent. A variety of cultured human primary cells were investigated with both PpIX fluorescence and cell viability being assessed in comparison to the PpIX prodrugs normally utilised in clinical practice (aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or its methyl ester (MAL)) either administered alone or concurrently with the comparator iron chelator, CP94. Iron chelation achieved via CP94 or AP2- 18 administration consistently increased PpIX accumulation but the benefits of enhancement on PpIX-PDT cell kill were most pronounced when lower doses of ALA or MAL were utilised (i.e. where PpIX accumulation was observed to be most limited without this intervention). Importantly, AP2-18 was observed to be as least as effective as CP94 + ALA/MAL co-administration throughout and produced no significant dark toxicity in initial experimentation undertaken in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, statistically significant enhanced effects in terms of both PpIX accumulation and PDT cytotoxicity were observed experimentally with AP2-18 in both skin cancer and glioma cells. Newly synthesised AP2- 18 is therefore concluded to be an efficacious combined PpIX prodrug and iron chelating agent for the enhancement of PpIX-induced PDT that warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"52 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116600262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Labib, E. Yaghini, M. Hashemkhani, B. Davidson, A. MacRobert, M. Loizidou, H. Acar, S. Pereira
{"title":"Targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive pancreatic cancer cell lines with cetuximab-conjugated near-infrared silver sulphide quantum dots","authors":"P. Labib, E. Yaghini, M. Hashemkhani, B. Davidson, A. MacRobert, M. Loizidou, H. Acar, S. Pereira","doi":"10.1117/12.2525086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525086","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fluorescence-guided surgery could potentially reduce local recurrence after pancreatic cancer resection. However, the ideal contrast agent for this purpose is not yet determined. The monoclonal antibody cetuximab targets the EGFR receptor, which is overexpressed in 64% of pancreatic cancers. We investigated the efficacy of near-infrared emitting silver sulphide Quantum Dot (QD)-cetuximab nanoconjugates for targeting EGFR-positive pancreatic cancer. Methods: 2-Mercaptopropionic acid-coated QDs were prepared from AgNO3 and Na2S. Pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 were confirmed EGFR-positive using a commercial AlexaFluor488-cetuximab probe. Nonconjugated QD and cetuximab-conjugated QD (QD-cetuximab) toxicity was assessed after 24 and 48 hours using MTT assay. Fluorescence microscopy was performed following a) formaldehyde-fixed immunofluorescence and b) live staining with QD-cetuximab for four hours at concentrations corresponding to 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600μg ml-1 of silver. Results: Untargeted QDs were non-toxic in both cell lines after 48 hours at all investigated concentrations, whereas QDcetuximab was toxic at 100µg ml-1 after 24 hours in PANC-1 and at 10µg ml-1 in CFPAC-1. Fixed immunofluorescence demonstrated EGFR targeting by QD-cetuximab at concentrations of 50μg ml-1 upwards in both cell lines. Live staining demonstrated similar efficacy of EGFR targeting up to 50μg ml-1 , although a reduction of fluorescence at higher concentrations was observed when compared to fixed immunofluorescence. Conclusion: Silver sulphide QD-cetuximab nanoconjugates have the potential to target live EGFR-positive pancreatic cancer cells at doses of up to 50 μg ml-1 . The reduction in QD fluorescence observed at higher concentrations is likely to be secondary to cetuximab toxicity.","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120992351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mordon, C. Munck, E. Surmei-Pintilie, R. Akkad, E. Wasielewski, G. Baert, P. Deleporte, H. Porte, A. Scherpereel
{"title":"Feasibility trial assessing intrapleural photodynamic therapy combined with pleurectomy/decortication then chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients","authors":"S. Mordon, C. Munck, E. Surmei-Pintilie, R. Akkad, E. Wasielewski, G. Baert, P. Deleporte, H. Porte, A. Scherpereel","doi":"10.1117/12.2526248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multimodal treatment associating surgery (pleurectomy/decortication, P/D) then IV adjuvant chemotherapy (platinum/pemetrexed) is an effective therapeutic option for some selected malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients. Intra-operative pleural photodynamic therapy (iPDT) has emerged as a promising option to improve this multimodal treatment outcome (Friedberg J, Ann Thorac Surg. 2017). The MesoPDT trial (NCT02662504) aimed at assessing the feasibility of such procedure outside the only two US expert centers performing multimodal treatment including iPDT to date. Methods: A single-center pilot clinical trial was designed to assess the feasibility of iPDT protocol in Lille University Hospital. A pool of maximum six patients was expected in order to apply the iPDT protocol, and to assess its applicability and safety outside US center expert. Results: In 2016-2017, four consecutive assessable patients were included and treated per protocol, reaching the study achievement cut-off. iPDT specific procedures have been applied and managed in partnership with US experts. The safety profile was favorable. The main and most specific adverse event was acute lung injury occurring within 72 hours after iPDT, which may lead to reversible respiratory distress, manageable with adequate intensive care. The 4 patients achieved the full scheduled protocol. Conclusion: The iPDT multimodal treatment for MPM is applicable and manageable in a European expert center, involving local skills and dedicated teams. The safety profile of the iPDT in Lille center was favorable, as validated by an external board. Median overall survival was promising (≈28 months), similar to previous US results. Our center is expected to join soon a large phase II randomized, multicentric US trial assessing MPM multimodal treatment (P/D, chemotherapy) ±iPDT (NCT02153229; UPENN, USA).","PeriodicalId":267589,"journal":{"name":"World Congress of the International Photodynamic Association","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115118291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}