S. Mingione , D. Jansen , F. Winnefeld , S.V. Churakov , B. Lothenbach
{"title":"Effect of Mg on xonotlite structure and stability","authors":"S. Mingione , D. Jansen , F. Winnefeld , S.V. Churakov , B. Lothenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minor constituents such as clays or dolomite might be present in the raw materials used for the synthesis of xonotlite (Ca<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>17</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>). These impurities can introduce additional elements (e.g., Mg, Al, Fe) into the system, affecting the purity of xonotlite, or promoting the formation of secondary phases. This study focuses on the influence of MgO on the formation and stability of xonotlite. A combination of solubility experiments conducted at 7, 20, 50 and 80 °C, along with thermodynamic modelling and atomistic simulations, was employed to investigate Mg incorporation. Structural and phase characterization was performed using XRD, TGA, FT-IR, SEM and <sup>29</sup>Si MAS-NMR. Up to 13 mol% of Mg can be incorporated into the xonotlite structure and the derived thermodynamic properties indicate that this leads to a stabilization of xonotlite. Higher quantities of magnesium lead to a stabilization of other phases such brucite, which may compete with xonotlite crystallization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107970"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Zhu, Mingxin Shi, Hanxiong Lyu, Yang Liu, Shipeng Zhang, Chi Sun Poon
{"title":"Innovative two-step synthesis design approach in developing vanadium incorporated low-carbon binder system","authors":"Lu Zhu, Mingxin Shi, Hanxiong Lyu, Yang Liu, Shipeng Zhang, Chi Sun Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel two-step synthesis approach was developed to create a low-carbon C<sub>2</sub>S binder system incorporating vanadium, utilizing thermodynamic modeling and subsequent experimental validation. The modeling identified 1 wt% V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as the ideal dosage since excessive V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> led to Ca<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> generation, depleting CaO in C<sub>2</sub>S phases. Additionally, 1400 °C was the optimal clinkering temperature for C<sub>2</sub>S synthesis as higher temperatures favored C<sub>3</sub>S formation while lower temperatures reduced the C<sub>2</sub>S content. Experiments confirmed that clinkering at 1400 °C could produce high <em>β</em>-C<sub>2</sub>S content in V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-doped binders, with V<sup>5+</sup> ions stabilizing <em>β</em>-C<sub>2</sub>S and inhibiting its transformation to <em>γ</em>-C<sub>2</sub>S. Small amounts of Ca<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> formation during clinkering could also promote the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> passivation. After 1-day carbonation, vanadium-dosed pastes prepared at 1400 °C possessed low porosity and dense morphologies, contributing to superior strength by forming CaCO<sub>3</sub> and gel phases. This approach offers a sustainable direction to maximize the performance of low-carbon binder systems by recycling heavy metal-derived solid wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107977"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Vohburger , Marie Collin , Arnaud Bouissonnié , Luc Nicoleau , Torben Gädt
{"title":"Citric, tartaric, and succinic acid effects on C3S dissolution and the nucleation kinetics of CSH and portlandite","authors":"Andreas Vohburger , Marie Collin , Arnaud Bouissonnié , Luc Nicoleau , Torben Gädt","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional additives like hydroxy-carboxylic acids modify the hydration mechanism of Portland cement and are commonly used as set retarders. These retarders can affect the clinker phase dissolution and the crystallization of hydrate phases. However, their specific effects are not fully understood. This study focuses on understanding the role of citric, tartaric, and succinic acid in the dissolution of tricalcium silicate (C<sub>3</sub>S) and the crystallization of C<img>S<img>H and portlandite during the early hydration of C<sub>3</sub>S. At high undersaturation, we observe that the acids accelerate C<sub>3</sub>S dissolution, while their sodium salts exhibit minimal effects. At low undersaturation, citrate reduces the dissolution rate by 50<!--> <!-->%, and tartrate can fully suppress dissolution in a model experiment with a water-to-solid ratio of 10<!--> <!-->000. The suppression appears to be linked to the precipitation of calcium citrate or calcium tartrate. Potentiometric titration studies indicate that tartrate and citrate inhibit the nucleation and crystal growth of C<img>S<img>H and portlandite. In summary, we find significant inhibiting effects of citrate and tartrate for the dissolution of C<sub>3</sub>S and the nucleation of both calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107964"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dengquan Wang , Yue Zhang , John L. Provis , Barbara Lothenbach , Sergey V. Churakov , George-Dan Miron , Zeyu Zhou , Jing Guan , Jiaxing Ban , Bin Ma
{"title":"Hydrotalcite-pyroaurite solid solution in cement system: Molecular structure and thermodynamic properties","authors":"Dengquan Wang , Yue Zhang , John L. Provis , Barbara Lothenbach , Sergey V. Churakov , George-Dan Miron , Zeyu Zhou , Jing Guan , Jiaxing Ban , Bin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrotalcite-pyroaurite solid solutions, which are common minerals both in nature and in modern cementitious materials, hold significant potential for waste immobilization and cement properties yet remain insufficiently studied. In this work, we first synthesized a series of hydrotalcite (Mg<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>16</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O) and pyroaurite (Mg<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>16</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O) solid solutions and conducted comprehensive characterizations. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy was further employed to elucidate the molecular structure, while molecular simulations explored changes in charge density induced by Fe substitution. The results reveal that Fe substitution for Al reduces the thermal stability and induces structural changes. Specifically, the larger ionic radius of Fe<sup>3+</sup> compared to Al<sup>3+</sup> increases the unit cell parameters and elongates the Fe<img>O and Fe<img>Mg distances in the local structure. Fe substitution also leads to localized positive charge accumulation within the layer. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters were obtained, and a solid solution model was established to supplement the existing thermodynamic database.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107976"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring natural siderite (FeCO3) as a novel supplementary cementitious material","authors":"Florian Mittermayr , Florian Steindl , Marjorie Pons Pineyro , Lukas Briendl , Marlene Sakoparnig , Isabel Galan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates siderite (FeCO₃) as a novel supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) systems. Freshly ground siderite significantly retards early hydration of C₃S and C₃A, primarily due to the formation of iron hydroxide that temporarily inhibits hydration. However, this effect diminishes over time, with hydration degrees and strength development at later stages (≥90 days) matching or exceeding those of systems with inert fillers. Siderite undergoes a “ferrolanic” reaction, consuming portlandite and forming hydrated Fe-bearing phases, influenced by redox conditions. Additionally, siderite improves concrete durability, reducing calcium leaching and potentially enhancing sulfate resistance through stabilized ettringite and Fe/Al solid solution phases. This research is the first comprehensive exploration of siderite as an SCM, highlighting its potential to address SCM shortages and contribute to CO₂ reduction in cement production. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term durability and practical applications in cementitious systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107975"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinker mineral formation and thermal decomposition of calcium carbonates in carbonated tobermorites: Mechanism of CO2 release in low-temperature ranges","authors":"Ryusei Igami , Go Igarashi , Abudushalamu Aili , Daisuke Minato , Ryo Kurihara , Ippei Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) has been widely used to quantify the amount of fixed CO<sub>2</sub> in cementitious materials. It was well-known that calcium carbonates in cementitious materials decomposed not only around 700–800 °C but also in lower-temperature ranges (around 300–600 °C). However, the mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub> release in low-temperature ranges was not clarified. This study investigated the semi-dry carbonation of synthesized tobermorite under different relative humidities and a 1.0 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentration to reveal the mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub> release in low-temperature ranges. TGA revealed that the decomposition of calcium carbonates occurred at three different temperature ranges. The peak around 700–800 °C was attributed to the decomposition of calcite transformed from vaterite and aragonite. The peak around 400–600 °C was attributed to the solid-state reaction of vaterite and aragonite with silica gel, resulting in CO<sub>2</sub> release. The peak around 300–400 °C was attributed to the decomposition of amorphous carbonate minerals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107969"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoyong Wen , Mingli Cao , Guangzhao Liu , Hong Yin
{"title":"Phase assemblages of seawater-mixed model cement modified by in-situ polymerization","authors":"Shaoyong Wen , Mingli Cao , Guangzhao Liu , Hong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ polymerization of organic monomers in seawater cement is an effective method to mitigate the erosion of cement hydrates. Understanding the effects of in-situ polymerization on the hydration products of model cement holds promise for extending the service life of seawater concrete. Herein, we conducted a series of experiments combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the impact of in-situ polymerization of sodium acrylate (SA) on the phase assemblages of seawater-mixed model cement. Our findings reveal that in-situ polymerization of SA enhances the stability of hydration products. This improvement is attributed to the carboxylic acid groups of polyacrylic acid (PAA), which form stable coordination bonds with Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, anchoring onto the surface of hydration products and weaving an organic-inorganic interpenetrating network structure that strengthens interfacial bonding and inhibits erosion from external ions, thereby reducing calcium dissolution. However, the physical barrier effect of PAA on mineral surfaces and its chemical adsorption behavior towards Ca<sup>2+</sup> collectively alter the aqueous chemical environment, thereby inducing nucleation poisoning effects in C-S-H while reducing precipitation rate of other hydrates. Notably, PAA significantly lowers the decalcification risk of the C-S-H structure by enhancing its erosion resistance. These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the role of in-situ polymerization in cement-based materials and promote the design of durable seawater-mixed concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107974"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luiza R. M. de Miranda , Karel Lesage , Geert De Schutter , Nicolas Roussel
{"title":"Concrete printing through lace pressing: Head, shoulders, knees and toes","authors":"Luiza R. M. de Miranda , Karel Lesage , Geert De Schutter , Nicolas Roussel","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D concrete printing offers exciting possibilities for creating complex shapes without traditional formwork, but maintaining geometrical accuracy remains a challenge. Issues like early drying, gravity-induced stresses, and extrusion inconsistencies can compromise the quality of printed structures. This study explores the lace pressing technique, where the printhead stays in contact with the material to minimize deformation and improve precision. Through experiments, we identified three distinct zones within printed layers—shoulders, steady-state, and toes—each influenced by material yield stress, gravity-induced stresses, and layer pressing. Systematic variation of process parameters reveals the boundaries and characteristics of these zones. A theoretical model is introduced, incorporating dimensionless parameters, to predict the onset of plastic failure and deformation across these regions. The results not only validate the model but also highlight its potential for optimizing printing processes and retro-engineering material properties from benchmark prints. These findings contribute to advancing 3DCP by providing tools for more accurate builds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107968"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dissolution of fly ashes in undersaturated alkaline solutions","authors":"Yujia Min, Lisa E. Burris","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dissolution of 8 class C and 8 class F fly ashes in undersaturated conditions at pH 12.4–13.8 and 25–60 °C. Class C fly ashes showed preferential dissolution of Al over Si, while congruent dissolution was observed for low Ca fly ashes. Si in solution inhibited the dissolution of class C ashes, while Ca and Al inhibited the dissolution of class F ashes. NaOH dissolved class F fly ashes faster than KOH at the same concentrations. Non-bridging oxygen per tetrahedra correlated with dissolution rates in early hours while long-term reactivity was related to reactive Al and Si content. Dissolution in the dilute solution was consistent with reaction extent in R<sup>3</sup> mixtures at 25 °C, and but greater for reactions at 40 and 60 °C. These results help us understand fly ash dissolution and predict reactivity under conditions relevant to those used to evaluate performance in cementitious mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107967"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the structural build-up 3D printable cement-based materials: From small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) to extensional (SAOE) rheological workflows","authors":"Yohan Jacquet , Shiho Kawashima , Jon Spangenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing with cementitious materials is rapidly advancing, yet critical challenges remain – most notably, the accurate prediction of structural stability. Current stability models often rely on numerical simulations driven by rheological properties, typically derived from shear tests linked to plasticity criteria or pseudo-elastic assumptions. However, these methods frequently lead to overestimations of critical failure heights due to an imprecise characterization of time-dependent material behavior.</div><div>This study introduces a novel approach to stability prediction by directly measuring extensional viscoelastic properties using Small Amplitude Oscillatory Extensional (SAOE) testing. These tests capture the purely reversible behavior of fresh printable materials under load, enhancing the accuracy of structural response characterization during layer deposition. From this methodology, a two-parameter structuration model was developed to predict the time-dependent evolution of the extensional storage modulus in cement-based printable materials.</div><div>To bridge the gap between shear and extensional viscoelastic properties, a comparative analysis was conducted using the Trouton's ratio, providing a potential pathway for approximating extensional properties from shear measurements. The study also proposes two stability criteria tailored to “infinite brick” and “layer-pressing\" strategies, evaluated through case studies to underline their practical relevance.</div><div>By refining the methodologies for measuring and modeling viscoelastic properties, this research addresses critical limitations in stability prediction, offering novel insights for buildability assessments and advancing the field of 3D concrete printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107971"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}