Cement and Concrete Research最新文献_第2页

Influence of functional group's grafting position in polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecule on its dispersibility and mechanism 聚羧酸型高效减水剂分子中官能团接枝位置对其分散性的影响及其机理

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107919

Bin Li, Ling Wang, Zhendi Wang, Mingwei Wang

{"title":"Influence of functional group's grafting position in polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecule on its dispersibility and mechanism","authors":"Bin Li, Ling Wang, Zhendi Wang, Mingwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims at clarifying the effect of the functional group's grafting positions in PCE molecule on its dispersing performance, adsorption behavior, molecular conformation and cement pastes' setting times. Two kinds of PCEs modified by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with different grafting positions were synthesized. Test results showed that the grafting position of β-CD in PCE molecule significantly influences its adsorption behavior and molecular conformation. (β-M)<sub><em>n</em></sub>-AA-HPEG with β-CD grafted on the main chain effectively increases adsorption amount on cement and decreases surface adsorption on clay. While PAA-g-(β-P)<sub><em>n</em></sub>HPEG with β-CD grafted on the side chain slightly decreases adsorption amount on cement and hinders both surface and interlayer adsorption by clay. Moreover, DLS test results showed that the side chain as the grafting position would increase PCE's steric hindrance more effectively than grafting at the main chain. Surprisingly, through adjusting the grafting position, the setting times of cement pastes have exhibited the opposite trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107919"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitigating the efflorescence of alkali-activated slag mortars by aluminosilicate-based lightweight fine aggregate 硅酸盐铝基轻质细骨料对碱活性矿渣砂浆的抑制作用

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107917

Chen Liu , Zhenming Li , Guang Ye

引用次数: 0

HEMC modifications to tricalcium silicate hydration: Changes in kinetics and nanostructure examined by time-resolved high energy X-ray scattering HEMC修饰硅酸三钙水化：通过时间分辨高能x射线散射检测动力学和纳米结构的变化

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107915

Elsa Qoku , David Reuschle , Thomas Fitzgibbons , Angus P. Wilkinson , Kimberly E. Kurtis

{"title":"HEMC modifications to tricalcium silicate hydration: Changes in kinetics and nanostructure examined by time-resolved high energy X-ray scattering","authors":"Elsa Qoku , David Reuschle , Thomas Fitzgibbons , Angus P. Wilkinson , Kimberly E. Kurtis","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ethers (HEMCs) are of increasing interest for their ability to modify rheology and workability of cementitious systems and most importantly with the increase in automation in cement industry. In this paper, the effect of two HEMCs - with similar molecular masses but different degrees of substitution (DS) and molar substitution (MS) - on the hydration of tricalcium silicate (C<sub>3</sub>S) was examined by calorimetry, high energy X-ray scattering, and SEM up to 48 hours. The HEMCs decreased the secondary dissolution rate of C<sub>3</sub>S and delayed the precipitation of hydration products. The dissolution rate of C<sub>3</sub>S in the control sample, with no added HEMC, was ∼20 % and ∼ 13 % higher than that for samples with 0.2 and 0.45 % by mass of added HEMC, regardless of the DS and MS values. Portlandite precipitation was strongly delayed for the HEMC2 with the lower DS. It is proposed that interaction/adsorption of the HEMCs onto the surface of both hydrated particles and anhydrous C<sub>3</sub>S is likely the primary source of their action in early hydration. In-situ X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of HEMC-modified pastes revealed that the atomic ordering in the C-S-H was unchanged when compared to the control sample over the period studied, thus suggesting that the interaction occurs on the surface of the phase. It is proposed that HEMC2 preferentially inhibits the formation/growth of C-S-H, whereas HEMC1 shows almost no impact on C-S-H. Portlandite crystals with differing morphologies occurred in the HEMC-modified and control pastes. HEMC1 inhibits crystal growth along [001] due to their preferential interaction/adsorption on (001) faces. HEMC polymer bridge/film formation was observed between the stacked layers of portlandite and on C-S-H in pastes containing HEMC1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107915"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of change in accelerated carbonation progress in cement paste under different relative humidity conditions 不同相对湿度条件下水泥浆体加速碳化过程的变化机理

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107898

Luge Cheng , Ryo Kurihara , Takahiro Ohkubo , Ryoma Kitagaki , Atsushi Teramoto , Yuya Suda , Ippei Maruyama

{"title":"Mechanisms of change in accelerated carbonation progress in cement paste under different relative humidity conditions","authors":"Luge Cheng , Ryo Kurihara , Takahiro Ohkubo , Ryoma Kitagaki , Atsushi Teramoto , Yuya Suda , Ippei Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the evolution of water content and carbonation in OPC cement paste under low, intermediate, and high relative humidity (RH) conditions, emphasizing the role of water in accelerated carbonation and microstructural modifications. Under high RH, the carbonation suppressed after 28 days owing to calcium ion accumulation at the surface, precipitating as calcite. This calcite formation leads to a dense calcium carbonate layer, reducing the gas–liquid interfacial area for CO₂ dissolution and blocking further water evaporation and carbonation process. Low RH conditions cause the agglomeration of calcium silicate aluminate hydrate (C–(A)–S–H), increasing empty space in the microstructure. This facilitates CO₂ penetration but limits CH carbonation due to insufficient water availability. These findings highlight the significance of water distribution and microstructural evolution in CO₂ sequestration, revealing that RH critically influences the progress of carbonation by altering the pore structure and subsequent water availability in cementitious materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107898"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the mechanisms and alkali-silica reaction behavior of novel and non-traditional alkali-activated materials 新型和非传统碱活性材料的反应机理和碱-硅反应行为的表征

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107914

Shubham Mishra , Farshad Rajabipour , Jan Olek , Sulapha Peethamparan

{"title":"Characterizing the mechanisms and alkali-silica reaction behavior of novel and non-traditional alkali-activated materials","authors":"Shubham Mishra , Farshad Rajabipour , Jan Olek , Sulapha Peethamparan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) behavior of non-traditional alkali-activated materials (NAAMs) utilizing unconventional precursors, including calcined clays (CC), volcanic ashes (VA), ground bottom ashes (GBA), and fluidized bed combustion ashes (FBC). Using ASTM-based accelerated and non-accelerated methods, ASR expansions were assessed across aggregates with varying reactivity (R0, R1, R2, and R3). The research reveals a critical interaction between initial drying shrinkage and ASR expansion, where shrinkage offsets early ASR-induced expansions. Microstructural analysis via SEM and EDS highlights unique alumina-enriched ASR products with low-viscosity and limited expansion potential, attributed to the absence of calcium-rich gels. The study evaluates alternative ASR prediction methods, finding moisture transport parameters unreliable but pore solution ionic composition, especially high alumina levels, as strong indicators of ASR mitigation. A novel ASR Inhibition Efficiency Score (AES) quantifies NAAMs’ mitigation capacity, showcasing the exceptional performance of CC- and GBA-based NAAMs against ASR in highly reactive aggregates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107914"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elucidating the behaviours and mechanisms of enforced carbonation in ferrite 铁素体中强制碳化行为及机理的研究

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107916

Zihan Ma , Yi Jiang , Tiejun Ding , Yong Tao , Faqian Liu , Dapeng Zheng , Jiangshan Li , Peiliang Shen , Chi-Sun Poon

{"title":"Elucidating the behaviours and mechanisms of enforced carbonation in ferrite","authors":"Zihan Ma , Yi Jiang , Tiejun Ding , Yong Tao , Faqian Liu , Dapeng Zheng , Jiangshan Li , Peiliang Shen , Chi-Sun Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the carbonation behaviour and mechanisms of the ferrite (C<sub>4</sub>AF) phase in cement were investigated for the first time through enforced wet carbonation. The results confirm that ferrite carbonation is a spontaneous chemical reaction, the kinetics of which are predominantly controlled by monocarbonate precipitation. The carbonation process involved the initial precipitation of hemi/monocarbonate, followed by further carbonation to form Cc, amorphous Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>, and Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub> as the final carbonation products. A unique products structure was identified, consisting of a Cc inner core enveloped by an iron-containing amorphous Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> outer layer. The efficiency of carbonation was significantly enhanced by high initial pH, resulting in a >3.3-fold increase in the amount of calcium carbonate (Cc) compared to that observed in a neutral environment. Elevated initial pH levels enhance the dissolution of ferrite and CO₂, thereby increasing the concentration of Al(OH)₄<sup>−</sup> and prolonging the period of monocarbonate oversaturation, which substantially enhances the final carbonation degree. Additionally, higher initial pH suppresses the consumption of Al(OH)₄<sup>−</sup> by HCO₃<sup>−</sup>, favouring the precipitation of amorphous Al(OH)₃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107916"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of calcium compounds in BOFS on phase evolution and microstructural changes upon high-gravity carbonation BOFS中钙化合物在高重力碳化过程中物相演化和微观结构变化中的作用

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107913

Qifeng Song , Slyvester Yew Wang Chai , Tung-Chai Ling

{"title":"Role of calcium compounds in BOFS on phase evolution and microstructural changes upon high-gravity carbonation","authors":"Qifeng Song , Slyvester Yew Wang Chai , Tung-Chai Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-gravity (higee) carbonation process has emerged as a promising method for enhancing the carbonation efficiency of basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS). While this process has proven effective in carbonating BOFS, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. To investigate this, we selected two types of BOFS: calcium hydroxide-rich (CH-rich) and calcium silicate-rich (CS-rich) BOFS, to examine their differences in carbonation degree, phase evolution, and microstructural changes during higee carbonation. Our experimental findings reveal that higee carbonation significantly reduces the carbonation time for BOFS by 97.5 %. Notably, the CH-rich BOFS achieves a carbonation degree of 20 %, which can be attributed to ex-situ carbonation mechanisms that expose unreacted core phases, allowing for prolonged carbonation. This process enables CH-rich BOFS to reach near-complete decalcification within just 10 min. In contrast, the CS-rich BOFS exhibits less than half the carbonation degree compared to its CH-rich counterpart. This limitation arises from the rapid formation of tightly packed calcite and decalcified C-S-H on the particle surface, which restricts further carbonation via in-situ mechanisms. To address this challenge, we propose a short-term pre-wet carbonation process for CS-rich BOFS prior to higee carbonation. This integrated approach successfully increases the carbonation limit of CS-rich BOFS to 13-16 % by reducing the initial carbonation rate. Overall, higee carbonation reveals calcium compound-dependent mechanisms in BOFS, offering a roadmap for scalable CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration and sustainable slag valorization in the cement industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107913"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To what extent can polycarboxylate superplasticizers enhance the dispersion characteristics of modified graphene oxide in cement? Insights from ultrasonication and high-shear mixing methods 聚羧酸型高效减水剂能在多大程度上增强改性氧化石墨烯在水泥中的分散特性？超声和高剪切混合方法的启示

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107881

Abdullah Anwar, Xuemei Liu, Lihai Zhang

{"title":"To what extent can polycarboxylate superplasticizers enhance the dispersion characteristics of modified graphene oxide in cement? Insights from ultrasonication and high-shear mixing methods","authors":"Abdullah Anwar, Xuemei Liu, Lihai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of graphene oxide (GO) as a nano-reinforcement material in cement composite has generated substantial interest. However, the aggregation of GO nanosheets in the highly alkaline environment of cement matrix, along with inadequate dispersibility, negatively impacts the performance of cement composite and limits its potential application. This study was to find efficient methods to enhance the dispersion behavior of GO in cementitious materials by understanding the effects of various superplasticizers on the dispersibility behavior of GO. Five different polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (PCE-SPs) in dosages ranging from 5 to 20 wt% were evaluated by two different methods - ultrasonication (ULS) and high-shear mixing (NULS). Raman spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, visual inspection, and optical microscopy were used to examine the dispersion characteristics. The results revealed a significant enhancement in the dispersion properties of the GO-colloidal mix when altered with PCE-SPs MG8700 and 20HE at an optimal proportion of 8–10 wt% for the NULS and 10–12 wt% for the ULS method. Moreover, the intense cavitation effect produced during the harsh treatment of ULS causes a higher degree of structural damage to the GO-nanosheets. In contrast, the NULS approach demonstrated effective dispersion of the GO-nanosheets with reduced structural damage and fragmentation. The findings of this study highlight that treating GO with suitable PCE-SPs at the appropriate dosage using the NULS method presents a promising prospect for achieving better dispersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107881"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of curing regimes and binder designs on steel slag-based carbonated aerated concrete (CAC): Reaching a balance between pre-hydration and carbonation 养护制度和粘结剂设计对钢渣基碳化加气混凝土（CAC）的影响：达到预水化和碳化之间的平衡

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107905

Rui Sun , Peiliang Shen , Xiao Zhang , Qinglong Qin , Yong Tao , Dongmin Wang , Ze Liu , Chi-sun Poon

{"title":"Effects of curing regimes and binder designs on steel slag-based carbonated aerated concrete (CAC): Reaching a balance between pre-hydration and carbonation","authors":"Rui Sun , Peiliang Shen , Xiao Zhang , Qinglong Qin , Yong Tao , Dongmin Wang , Ze Liu , Chi-sun Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonated aerated concrete (CAC) is recognized as a low-energy alternative to conventional aerated concrete. In this study, the effects of curing methods and binder design on CAC performance, microstructure, and phase evolution are examined. A key contribution is the identification of the balance between pre-hydration and carbonation, a critical yet underexplored factor in strength development. It is demonstrated that insufficient pre-hydration retains excess moisture, hindering C₂S carbonation, while excessive pre-hydration restricts CO₂ diffusion. Two criteria are proposed for optimizing the pre-hydration: the reaction degree of C₂S reaching 40 % and the stabilization of the average pore size of the CAC matrix. Additionally, replacing 60 %–80 % of fly ash with steel slag in the binder mix has been shown to enhance carbonation efficiency and mechanical properties while maintaining a desirable dry density. These findings provide a practical framework for refining CAC mix design and curing strategies, facilitating broader application in sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107905"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling the role of iron oxidation states in alkali-activated slags: A multinuclear solid-state NMR study on polymerization and structural evolution 揭示碱活性渣中铁氧化态的作用：聚合和结构演变的多核固体核磁共振研究

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107897

Ziyou Yu , Alexios P. Douvalis , Rodrigo de Oliveira-Silva , Qifeng Shu , Yiannis Pontikes , Dimitrios Sakellariou

{"title":"Unravelling the role of iron oxidation states in alkali-activated slags: A multinuclear solid-state NMR study on polymerization and structural evolution","authors":"Ziyou Yu , Alexios P. Douvalis , Rodrigo de Oliveira-Silva , Qifeng Shu , Yiannis Pontikes , Dimitrios Sakellariou","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the structure and polymerization behavior of Fe-bearing alkali-activated slags (AASs) is crucial for optimizing their macroscopic properties and expanding their applications in sustainable construction materials, radioactive waste storage, carbon sequestration, and other environmental technologies. This paper investigates the effect of iron oxidation state in precursor slags on the polymerization and microstructural evolution of synthesized AASs using advanced solid-state NMR with 1D MAS and 2D 3QMAS experiments. <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy further provide insights into Fe coordination and phase composition. The synthesized slags were designed with controlled Fe content (<10 wt%), ensuring sufficient NMR spectral resolution. The results show that after 7 days of curing, AASs synthesized from Fe<sup>2+</sup>-rich slag exhibits lower structure polymerization compared to those derived from the Fe<sup>3+</sup>-rich slags. After 1 year of storage, Fe<sup>2+</sup>-rich AAS undergoes further polymerization, leading to the formation of highly connected silicate structures. Based on the NMR analysis, we propose that Fe<sup>3+</sup> is incorporated into the Al<sup>VI</sup> site in hydrotalcite or as a charge balancing cation near the Al<sup>IV</sup> site in the bridging positions, with only a minor fraction potentially in tetrahedral coordination. This study highlights the critical role of iron oxidation state in tuning the polymerization and structural evolution of AASs, providing a fundamental understanding that can guide the design of next-generation Fe-bearing alkali-activated materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107897"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0