Nirrupama Kamala Ilango , Hoang Nguyen , Alexander German , Frank Winnefeld , Paivo Kinnunen
{"title":"Role of magnesium acetate in hydration and carbonation of magnesium oxide-based cements","authors":"Nirrupama Kamala Ilango , Hoang Nguyen , Alexander German , Frank Winnefeld , Paivo Kinnunen","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MgO-based cements have the potential for low carbon binders especially when MgO is sourced from non‑carbonate minerals. Understanding the reaction kinetics and products formed are the keys to pave the way for these binders as construction materials. In this study, the influence of acetate on hydration and subsequent carbonation of reactive MgO is investigated. MgO hydrated in Mg-acetate solution of various concentrations (0 to 0.5 M) and CO<sub>2</sub> cured afterward was characterized at different reaction times. Magnesium acetate in addition to enhancing the hydration kinetics modifies the morphology and crystallinity of the precipitated brucite. Acetate also influences the carbonate phases formed when samples are cured with CO<sub>2</sub>. Giorgiosite, a lesser-known hydrated magnesium carbonate, was formed in the presence of acetate, while the control specimens prepared with neat water produced nesquehonite. The findings reported here give insights into the use of organic additives in improving the reaction kinetics of MgO and the possibility to tune the formation pathways of different magnesium carbonates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 107357"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884623002715/pdfft?md5=a5eb1e1e98f3882696c9b630a289e26e&pid=1-s2.0-S0008884623002715-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71436174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suntharalingam Sharmilan , Henrik Stang , Alexander Michel
{"title":"A multi-species reactive transport model based on gas-ion-solid phase interaction for the carbonation of cement-based materials","authors":"Suntharalingam Sharmilan , Henrik Stang , Alexander Michel","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a reactive transport modelling framework for understanding carbonation processes through pore solution composition, phase assemblage changes in cement-based materials, and pore solution composition changes on steel corrosion. The study emphasizes the significance of considering pore structure changes on mass transport and utilizing a surface complexation model for predicting changes in pore solution composition and comprehending its influence on steel corrosion. A clear enrichment in sodium and potassium content in carbonated regions is observed upon carbonation, which leads to a decrease in alkali concentration in the pore solution, and alkali ions are transported toward the carbonated zone. Simultaneously, the opposite behaviour is observed for both the sulphur and chloride content. The increase in the concentration of sulphur and chloride in the pore solution was observed upon the decomposition of the solid phase. Calcium ions are transported to the carbonated zone, further increasing calcite formation near the exposed surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 107349"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884623002636/pdfft?md5=7816472bd1888e48eb853db5922303b1&pid=1-s2.0-S0008884623002636-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71436173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petr Miarka , Alejandro S. Cruces , Pablo Lopez-Crespo , Wouter De Corte
{"title":"Fracture process zone development and length assessment under the mixed-mode I/II load analysed by digital image correlation technique","authors":"Petr Miarka , Alejandro S. Cruces , Pablo Lopez-Crespo , Wouter De Corte","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this paper, the fracture process zone (FPZ) of high-performance concrete (HPC) is investigated under mixed-mode I/II load conditions, and its formation is studied by applying digital image correlation (DIC). The experimental tests are performed on Brazilian disc specimens with central notch (BDCN). The traction-free crack and the FPZ extent ahead of the crack are localised. This is done by modification of the existing methodology for mode I cracks to account for various mixed-mode I/II loading conditions. Analytical and </span>linear elastic fracture<span> mechanics (LEFM) methods for the critical strain are used to find the FPZ extension. Lastly, this paper revisits the analytical formulas used in the prediction of mode I FPZ lengths. These formulas are adjusted to allow for the prediction of the FPZ length in the whole range of mixed-mode I/II load conditions. Experimental results show that the FPZ has a different size for various mixed-mode I/II load conditions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107261"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54317037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Liu , Zheng Chen , Zhitao Chen , Yingzi Yang , Lin Chi
{"title":"Rheology, bubble-particle interaction and air bubble system: A study of the influence of inorganic salts on air entrainment by bubble rising measurement","authors":"Qi Liu , Zheng Chen , Zhitao Chen , Yingzi Yang , Lin Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Rheological properties and the interaction between air bubbles and solid particles are important factors influencing the air bubble system in air-entrained concrete. The former may affect the bubble motion and the latter may influence the strength of bubbles. However, none of them were properly discussed by direct observation. In this study, we observe the rising behavior of various-sized bubbles in air-entrained </span>cement paste. By a modified drag equation, the bubble-particle interaction is determined and represented by the interaction coefficient </span><em>K</em><sub>i</sub>. By <em>Ki</em><span> the bubble-particle interaction can be quantified and correlated with air entrainment properties. In combination with rheological properties and surface tension, the influence of inorganic salts on air entrainment is systematically studied. It is found that the content of bubbles <200 μm and the specific surface area of bubbles in the fresh mortar decrease with the increase of </span><em>K</em><sub>i</sub>, and the content of bubbles >1000 μm and the spacing factor increase with increasing <em>K</em><sub>i</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107265"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54317186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro, Teodora Ilić, Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo, Kerstin Elert
{"title":"Carbonation mechanisms and kinetics of lime-based binders: An overview","authors":"Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro, Teodora Ilić, Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo, Kerstin Elert","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reaction of slaked lime with atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of humidity leads to the formation of cementing carbonate phases in traditional aerial lime mortars and plasters. This carbonation reaction also affects the setting and degradation of hydraulic lime mortars and modern cement. Here, we present an overview of the existing knowledge on carbonation of lime-based binders, which are experiencing a revival as compatible material for the conservation of the built heritage and new sustainable construction. First, the carbonation reaction is defined and its importance in a range of technical and natural processes is outlined. This sets the ground for presenting a review of existing mechanistic models for the carbonation of lime-based materials, including the recent interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation model, and the understanding of carbonation in terms of non-classical crystallization theory. Kinetics models and experimental results for carbonation of lime-based binders (crystals and powder, as well as mortars/plasters) and its acceleration are presented and discussed. Finally, conclusions and future research directions are indicated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107301"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884623002156/pdfft?md5=222e0966ea0483711640397fb5888002&pid=1-s2.0-S0008884623002156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48665900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Schneider, Volker Hoenig, Johannes Ruppert, Jörg Rickert
{"title":"The cement plant of tomorrow","authors":"Martin Schneider, Volker Hoenig, Johannes Ruppert, Jörg Rickert","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cement plants of tomorrow will have to implement all CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span> abatement and saving measures to the best extent possible. Reducing the clinker factor, optimising the reactivity of the clinker, substituting fossil fuels by alternative fuels<span> and using alternative raw materials are pathways which will still play a growing role in future cement production<span>. Digitalisation, artificial intelligence, and also new grinding setups will support the </span></span></span>manufacturing process.</span></p><p>Once all of these measures have been implemented, the remaining CO<sub>2</sub> will be captured at the clinker plant. Different capture technologies exist and are about to be further developed to a high degree of maturity. The most important policy ask aims at a respective infrastructure for the transport, storage and use of CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>Finally, the relevant markets for future cements need to be developed. This not only requires the respective standards to be amended, but also that procurement schemes are implemented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107290"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander German , Frank Winnefeld , Pietro Lura , Daniel Rentsch , Barbara Lothenbach
{"title":"Hydrous carbonate-containing brucite (HCB) in MgO/hydromagnesite blends","authors":"Alexander German , Frank Winnefeld , Pietro Lura , Daniel Rentsch , Barbara Lothenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydration of reactive MgO in presence of hydromagnesite was investigated using analyses of the solid and the liquid phase. A brucite-like phase with low crystallinity was identified as hydration product. A partial destabilization of hydromagnesite was observed and it is suggested that the carbonate was taken up by the brucite-like phase. Furthermore, it was evidenced by thermogravimetry that this phase contained loosely bound “gel water”. Thus, a hypothetical <em>hydrous carbonate</em>-containing <em>brucite</em> (HCB) phase is proposed with a tentative composition MgCO<sub>3</sub>·35Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O derived from mass balance calculations. Based on the solution chemistry and other considerations, its thermodynamic data were determined. Thermodynamic modeling of the hydrate assemblage of MgO/hydromagnesite blends confirmed the stability of HCB in the presence of hydromagnesite and brucite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107304"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008884623002181/pdfft?md5=1582310352468aefdd44cbe6f6d36966&pid=1-s2.0-S0008884623002181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43678379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maciej Zajac , Jiayi Song , Patrick Ullrich , Jan Skocek , Mohsen Ben Haha , Jørgen Skibsted
{"title":"High early pozzolanic reactivity of alumina-silica gel: A study of the hydration of composite cements with carbonated recycled concrete paste","authors":"Maciej Zajac , Jiayi Song , Patrick Ullrich , Jan Skocek , Mohsen Ben Haha , Jørgen Skibsted","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Carbonated recycled concrete paste (cRCP) is a unique supplementary cementitious material with </span>pozzolanic properties<span> stemming from the alumina-silica gel. This study reveals that the high early strength<span> of composite cements<span> with cRCP is attributed to its rapid pozzolanic reactivity. </span></span></span></span><sup>27</sup>Al and <sup>29</sup><span>Si NMR investigations show that the alumina-silica gel is consumed after only 7 days of hydration. The rapid gel reaction<span> results in the formation of a C-(A)-S-H phase with a low Ca/Si ratio. After 7 days, belite and remains of alite react further and increases the Ca/Si ratio of the C-(A)-S-H phase to a level typical for blended cements<span>. As a result, a lower porosity forms already at early age, resulting in high strength. The reactivity of cRCP is influenced by its origin and carbonation conditions. Carbonation in sulfate-rich solutions enhances the gel surface area and accelerates the reaction. Slag remnants in cRCP react aiding to microstructure and strength development.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 107345"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhichao Liu , Canyu Lv , Fazhou Wang , Shuguang Hu
{"title":"Recent advances in carbonatable binders","authors":"Zhichao Liu , Canyu Lv , Fazhou Wang , Shuguang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbonatable binder is relatively a new member of the cement family. This paper aims to review the progress in carbonatable binders given the increasing attention paid to this topic since the last International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement in 2019. Unlike hydraulic binders such as OPC and CSA clinkers, carbonatable binders react with CO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of moisture to produce calcium carbonate as the major binding phase. This holds great potential in the utilization of emitted CO<sub>2</sub> from anthropogenic sources. This paper will start with the introduction of definition and classification of carbonatable binders, followed by the presentation of phase composition, reactivity, microstructure and reaction mechanism. Lastly, a few cases on the recent production and application of carbonatable binders are introduced in the building industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107286"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44478372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Behravan , Michael Lowry , Mehdi Ashraf-Khorasani , Thien Q. Tran , Xu Feng , Alexander S. Brand
{"title":"Effect of pretreatment on reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates for minimizing the impact of leachate on cement hydration","authors":"Amir Behravan , Michael Lowry , Mehdi Ashraf-Khorasani , Thien Q. Tran , Xu Feng , Alexander S. Brand","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Many efforts have been made in recent years to justify the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates in concrete. All previous efforts appear to unanimously report a reduction in concrete performance with varying proportions of RAP usage. The poor performance of RAP aggregates in concrete is attributed mainly to a larger, more porous </span>interfacial transition zone<span><span><span> (ITZ) and the cohesive failure of the asphalt. This study hypothesizes that the detrimental impact on the ITZ is attributable to organic compounds leached from the asphalt coating in the high pH </span>pore solution<span>. This study proves the presence of organic compounds in the pore solution and demonstrates that the leachates impair cement hydration. This study also attempted to pretreat the RAP in a </span></span>sodium<span><span> hydroxide (NaOH) solution to pre-leach the organic compounds. The pretreatment demonstrated that organic compounds were leached and that NaOH modified the asphalt surface chemistry. However, only a marginal improvement in </span>compressive strength was observed by completing a pretreatment.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 107305"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}