Yong Tao, Pablo Martin, Hegoi Manzano, Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini Qomi
{"title":"Mesoscopic mechanisms of dicalcium silicate dissolution","authors":"Yong Tao, Pablo Martin, Hegoi Manzano, Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini Qomi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107660","url":null,"abstract":"Dicalcium silicate dissolution is crucial in cement hydration and provides long-term durability. However, our understanding of its dissolution process is limited due to its multiscale nature. To resolve this limitation, we combine rare event molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) techniques. At the nanoscale, we reveal the relationship between surface Ca<sup>2+</sup> coordination chemistry and dissolution free energy barriers. Leveraging this knowledge, KMC simulations accurately predict the apparent dissolution activation energy and the sigmoidal relationship between dissolution rate and solution activity observed in experiments. Importantly, we find that dislocations have minimal impact on dissolution rates in grains and fast-dissolving cleavages. Instead, these rates are primarily determined by spontaneous pit opening and coalescence on surfaces, and the receding corners and edges within dissolving grains. This multiscale framework paves the path for fundamental studies and quantitative prediction of dissolution–precipitation processes widely encountered in cement chemistry, carbon sequestration, and enhanced geothermal systems.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiyuan Zhang, Yaxin Tao, Jose R.A. Godinho, Kim Van Tittelboom, Karel Lesage, Geert De Schutter
{"title":"Active rheology control of cementitious materials: New insights from magneto-responsive aggregates","authors":"Yiyuan Zhang, Yaxin Tao, Jose R.A. Godinho, Kim Van Tittelboom, Karel Lesage, Geert De Schutter","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107707","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to achieve active rheology control of cementitious materials from the new view of magneto-responsive aggregates. It provides a sound experimental validation, qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization of magnetorheological response and mechanism of cementitious materials containing responsive aggregates under a nozzle/pipe-like (inline) external magnetic field. Specially, the aggregate shape indicators, rheological responses and micro-/meso- structures are described. The physical, chemical and geometrical features of aggregates were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), loose packing fraction, optical microscopy and X-ray computed tomography (CT). The slow penetration test and vane test were conducted to measure the structural build-up of fresh samples with and without an inline magnetic intervention by using a rheometer-based customized test setup. The spatial distribution of magneto-responsive aggregates was determined by employing X-ray CT. The internal skeletal contact properties of magneto-responsive aggregates including cluster orientation, cluster aspect ratio, cluster elongation, contact point number, contact length and contact area were characterized quantitatively from the 3D image. A newly developed magneto-responsive cement mortar which can adjust rheological properties in time and on demand was achieved. The alignments of magneto-responsive aggregates along the magnetic induction lines were visualized. The orientation of magneto-responsive aggregate clusters showed concentrated distribution. With the decrease of the cement-to-aggregate ratio and increase in the size of magneto-responsive aggregates, the field-induced yield stress and torque increased significantly, which also influenced the contact properties of magneto-responsive aggregates. These results are beneficial for the application of active rheology control of magneto-responsive cementitious materials.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semi-dry natural carbonation at different relative humidities: Degree of carbonation and reaction kinetics of calcium hydrates in cement paste","authors":"Naohiko Saeki, Ryo Kurihara, Takahiro Ohkubo, Atsushi Teramoto, Yuya Suda, Ryoma Kitagaki, Ippei Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107777","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated semi-dry carbonation at different relative humidities (RH) under atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations to determine the effect of RH on the degree of carbonation (DoC) and reaction rates. The carbonation kinetics of each calcium-containing hydrate exhibited an initial rapid chemical-reaction-limited stage, followed by a significantly slower stage. DoC values plateaued after 200 days of carbonation, reaching 78 % at 95 % RH and 34 % at 33 % RH, aligning with EN 16757 values for sheltered outdoor and indoor environments, respectively. When the samples reached a stable DoC at a given RH, further carbonation occurred upon exposure to higher RH, implying that the DoC was governed by the highest RH to which the samples had been exposed. The phase assemblage was also affected, approaching thermodynamic equilibrium at higher RH but deviating at lower RH due to the formation of local equilibria and the presence of metastable phases.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jihoon Park, Joonho Seo, Solmoi Park, Alam Cho, H.K. Lee
{"title":"Phase profiling of carbonation-cured calcium sulfoaluminate cement","authors":"Jihoon Park, Joonho Seo, Solmoi Park, Alam Cho, H.K. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107776","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration during carbonation curing on the microstructural evolution of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement. Carbonation curing was performed for 28 d at 3 % and 10 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. To profile the microstructure, samples were collected from the surface of the cement to a depth of 30 mm on set curing days. At 3 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, vaterite and aragonite predominated, and calcite was generated from the recrystallization of vaterite. At 10 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, the formation of aragonite was mainly observed, with distinct phase transition from vaterite to aragonite during curing. The delayed CO<sub>2</sub> penetration rate with an increasing depth from the surface led to an increase in the content of calcite and aragonite at 3 % and 10 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, respectively. The phase assemblages of carbonation-cured CSA cement were thermodynamically predicted and compared with the experimental data to elucidate the microstructural evolution beyond the testing timeframe.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of polymer binders on the aggregation modes of two-pieces CSH composites","authors":"Jiwei Jia, Ali Zaoui, W. Sekkal","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107779","url":null,"abstract":"Using polymer binders in cementitious materials significantly boosts their structural stability and durability for civil engineering applications. This study explored the role of polymeric binders in enhancing the morphological stability of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) paste through molecular dynamics simulations. Most pure CSH configurations displayed larger voids and decreased stability, especially when the particles were initially spaced further apart. Among the tested polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed the most robust bonding to CSH, attributed to its abundant -OH groups. The integration of polymers led to a shift in aggregation toward a more stable face-to-face (F<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>F) configuration, increasing the contact area, and boosting overall stability. At large distances, the Coulombic force acted aggregation in the initial phase but is soon overtaken by the vdW force, which plays the primary role in driving the aggregation process. These findings corroborate existing theoretical models and introduce fresh insights from experimental organic-inorganic interactions, providing substantial implications for the development of advanced cementitious composites.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of the paper “Effect of the chemical composition of synthetic alkali-silica gels on their structure, swelling behavior and water uptake” by Miriam E. Krüger, Harald Hilbig, Ludwig Stelzner and Alisa Machner, Cem. Conc. Res. 184 (2024): 107596","authors":"Andreas Leemann","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107778","url":null,"abstract":"In the discussed study, synthesized ASR products of unknown internal relative humidity (RH) were brought into contact with water using the osmotic cell test. They were not conditioned to an identical RH corresponding to the one of ASR affected concrete before the test. Moreover, swelling and osmotic pressure depend on the difference in the ionic concentration between two solutions. ASR products formed in reactive concrete aggregates are only exposed to the pore solution of the concrete and not to water. Using water in an osmotic cell test leads to results that are not representative for ASR in concrete.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of environmental exposure on Portland cement Type IL","authors":"Rotana Hay, Parham Aghdasi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107775","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the physico-chemical change in a Type IL cement prehydrated in the natural environment for 7, 14, and 21 days. A focus was made on the reaction kinetics, product formation, and strength development using calorimetry, XRF, QXRD, TGA and compressive testing. It was found that prehydration converted hemihydrate to gypsum and partially transformed the principal cement phases and inherent portlandite into carbonates, thus reducing C<sub>3</sub>S and C<sub>2</sub>S while increasing CaCO<sub>3</sub> and gypsum. Hydration was slowed down with a delay in the appearance of the aluminate peak and reduction in cumulative heat at 72 h. Consequently, more C<sub>3</sub>S and C<sub>2</sub>S remained at an early age. Less ettringite was formed while amorphous phases were initially reduced but promoted later on. A secondary decomposition peak linked to metastable CaCO<sub>3</sub> became more prominent in the prehydrated samples. The early-age strength was reduced with the exposure time, but the 28-day strength improved due to the continuing hydration.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Montserrat-Torres, Frank Winnefeld, Barbara Lothenbach
{"title":"Impact of nesquehonite on hydration and strength of MgO-based cements","authors":"Paula Montserrat-Torres, Frank Winnefeld, Barbara Lothenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107772","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrated magnesium carbonate cements prepared from MgO and carbonates such as hydromagnesite (Mg<sub>5</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O) or nesquehonite (MgCO<sub>3</sub>ˑ3H<sub>2</sub>O) have potential for carbon sequestration during hardening. This study investigates the hydration of MgO/nesquehonite blends with up to 50 wt% of nesquehonite. Nesquehonite is highly reactive in the presence of MgO and water. The replacement of 50 wt% MgO by nesquehonite causes a significant increase of compressive strength at higher nesquehonite contents with up to 43–44 MPa after 28 days. However nesquehonite delays early hydration and strength development. Progressive changes in XRD peak position and peak broadening with increasing amount of carbonate indicate the formation of hydrous carbonate-containing brucite, HCB, with variable content of gel-like water and CO<sub>2</sub> as confirmed by FTIR and TGA. This research indicate a high potential of nesquehonite to permanently store CO<sub>2</sub> in MgO-based cements, as up to 15 wt% of CO<sub>2</sub> can be taken up in the hydrated solid phase.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Paillard, N. Sanson, J.-B. d’Espinose de Lacaillerie, M. Palacios, P. Boustingorry, M. Jachiet, C. Giraudeau, V. Kocaba
{"title":"An experimental review of the reaction paths followed by alkali-activated slag pastes","authors":"C. Paillard, N. Sanson, J.-B. d’Espinose de Lacaillerie, M. Palacios, P. Boustingorry, M. Jachiet, C. Giraudeau, V. Kocaba","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107765","url":null,"abstract":"NMR, XRD, mechanical strength measurements, bound water quantification and isothermal calorimetry were combined to contrast the degree of reaction and the paths followed by slag under the influence of three activators: NaOH, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and Na<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>1.7</sub>O<sub>4.4</sub>. NaOH-activation led to the concomitant formation of a very ordered C-A-S-H gel and of hydrotalcite, giving rise to early mechanical strength. For Na<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>1.7</sub>O<sub>4.4</sub>, a N-A-S-H gel formed first due to the high quantities of silicon in solution. This led to quick setting but no mechanical strength. Later, an amorphous C-A-S-H gel provided mechanical strength, while an aluminate phase precipitated. Finally, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-activation also led to the formation of N-A-S-H, formation favored by the initial consumption of calcium to form calcite. This did not bring any real structuration and mechanical strength. Only after a few days of hydration did the mechanical strength improve with the precipitation of amorphous C-A-S-H, an ill-defined hydrated aluminate phase, and of gaylussite.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wahab Abdul, Christiane Rößler, Holger Kletti, Chancel Mawalala, Alexander Pisch, Marcus N. Bannerman, Theodore Hanein
{"title":"On the variability of industrial Portland cement clinker: Microstructural characterisation and the fate of chemical elements","authors":"Wahab Abdul, Christiane Rößler, Holger Kletti, Chancel Mawalala, Alexander Pisch, Marcus N. Bannerman, Theodore Hanein","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107773","url":null,"abstract":"Portland cement (PC) has been used and developed since the early 19th century. Although the compositional ranges of PC clinkers are generally specified in standards, there is a lack of information on the variability of industrial clinkers. Furthermore, with an increase in the use of alternative mineral and fuel feeds, it is important to understand the evolution of clinker chemistry and mineralogy which affects hydraulic reactivity. In this work, 27 clinkers, selected to span the limits of clinker manufacturing, are characterised using X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). These are compared against clinker data from literature, which provides a comparison between modern clinkers and historical clinkers analysed over 50 years ago. Finally, the clinker datasets are used to carry out and compare different calculation methods including Bogue, modified Bogue, and Gibbs energy minimisation using a published stoichiometric thermodynamic database.","PeriodicalId":266,"journal":{"name":"Cement and Concrete Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}