{"title":"Material Resource Use Efficiency in the Metallurgical Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0","authors":"Dominika Hrubá, Andrea Samolejová, Martin Lampa","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4273","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining competitiveness is becoming increasingly difficult, not only for industrial companies in an open economy. Especially in times of extended crisis, only those who respond most quickly to change will succeed. The implementation of tools for Industry 4.0 can reduce an employer’s dependence on human resources and thereby increase the flexibility of the company in responding to the needs of their customers. Experience with the use of Industry 4.0 technology has proved greater efficiency in material flows and therefore the use of available resources in all branches of industry. Industry 4.0 will create the conditions for the emergence of new business models and production processes. As a result, it will be possible to achieve a new level of mass production taking into account the individual wishes of customers. It will reduce the energy and raw material intensity of production, enable the maximum use of residual materials as input components into the subsequent production process and increase the efficiency of the use of non-recycled waste within the company. The paper presents selected elements of Industry 4.0 which could improve the efficiency of resource use in the metallurgical industry in the future. The aim of the article is to define recommendations based on not only positive but also negative experiences which can assist other companies in managing their material flows more efficiently as a result of application of the Industry 4.0 tools.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129361745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The COrrosion resistance of zinc flake coatings","authors":"Marketa Mosnickova, Martina Němcová, M. Parakova","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4169","url":null,"abstract":"Flake zinc-aluminium coatings are used in industry for decades. They can perform high corrosion resistance according to required accelerated tests, but in the field application the corrosion resistance is reduced due to nonuniform thickness of coating layers. In case the same thickness of coating, the corrosion resistance is affected by composition of coating.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129680086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Borisov, K. Starikov, A. Kim, V. Popovich, A. Popovich
{"title":"heat treatment effect on the structure formation of directionally solidified nickel alloy after slm","authors":"E. Borisov, K. Starikov, A. Kim, V. Popovich, A. Popovich","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4235","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure of single-crystal nickel-based alloy manufactured by selective laser melting with a high-temperature substrate preheating. The change of gamma/gamma prime -phases ratio was established as a result of various heat treatment modes.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130877105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A POSSIBILITY TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF THE METALLURGICAL POLLUTANT NOISE SOURCES ON THE SURROUNDING ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS","authors":"D. Constantinescu, A. B. Cârlan","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TWO-BODY ABRASION RESISTANCE OF HIGH-CARBON METASTABLE AUSTENITIC STEELS","authors":"Jerome Ingber, S. Lippmann, M. Kunert","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4152","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of two-body abrasion tests on several high-carbon low-alloy steels initially consisting of a dual-phase microstructure containing metastable austenite and thermally induced plate martensite. The wear behavior of these metastable austenitic steels (MAS) is compared to commercial wear-resistant steels. Some tested MAS showed specific wear rates (SWR) that are more than three times lower compared to that of a martensitic 30MnB5 (1.5531) and an austenitic X120Mn12 (1.3401) steel and even more than five times lower than the SWR of Hardox 450. Pre- and post-wear hardness measurements indicate that low wear rates in MAS are related to hardness increase during wear. MAS with post-wear hardness in the range of 900 – 1000 HV achieved the lowest SWR. A further increased post-wear hardness up to 1250 HV proved to be not beneficial and led to an increasing SWR. XRD measurements show significant changes in the phase fractions of the MAS sub-surface region due to an austenite-martensite phase transformation. SEM micrographs also show severe plastic deformation in the sub-surface layer and the wear tracks.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of densities of waste materials in terms of their utilization in dense medium separations","authors":"Filip Kovár, L. Bartoňová","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114886363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gryc, L. Socha, J. Svizelová, Tomáš Prášil, I. Hotovy, P. Čížek, J. Štefanek
{"title":"Optimization of numerical simulations of gravity casting of ductile iron castings","authors":"K. Gryc, L. Socha, J. Svizelová, Tomáš Prášil, I. Hotovy, P. Čížek, J. Štefanek","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4094","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to the presentation of initial results focused on the optimization of numerical simulations of gravity casting of ductile iron castings into non-permanent bentonite molds. Numerical simulations were performed focused on the course of filling the mold and solidification of the casting by simulation SW ProCAST. The proportions of pearlite and ferrite phases, graphite nodularity and hardness were obtained. The input parameters were set to fit the simultaneously realized experimental operating melts. Macroscopic defects, metallographic structure and hardness were verified in selected sections of test castings. The data obtained from metallographic analysis and hardness were used to verify the results of numerical modeling. The comparison of the results shows a good agreement between the real casting and the numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130649711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petra Martinková, Kamila Janovská, Šárka Vilamová, Marek Šafránek, I. Vozňáková
{"title":"Analysis oF Foreign Trade in Selected Manufacturing Industry Commodities","authors":"Petra Martinková, Kamila Janovská, Šárka Vilamová, Marek Šafránek, I. Vozňáková","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4289","url":null,"abstract":"Export oriented companies are extremely important for the Czech Republic as a highly open economy. These companies contribute to the generation of GDP and ensure that the current account on its balance of payments remains balanced. International trade is currently enjoying rapid growth because most trading subjects are aware of the importance of developing international activities which aim to sell products on foreign markets. This high sectoral concentration of Czech exporters along with a significant territorial export orientation primarily towards EU states means the Czech Republic is highly vulnerable to fluctuations and economic disturbances on foreign markets. The research investigates application of the gravity model of foreign trade on selected branches of the manufacturing industry and identifies significant factors which affect trade flow. The main aim of the research was to determine statistically significant export variables and generally confirm the suitability of using the gravity model equation as a tool for analysing trade flow and discovering trade potential. Part of the research involved compiling a basic modified export gravity model of foreign trade. This model allows identification of the statistically significant explanatory variables which fundamentally affect the Czech Republic’s exports. The paper presents this model and the outputs which relate to selected commodities produced by the manufacturing industry, such as basic metals, coke and oil products, chemical substances and preparations, etc.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130701804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ARC STEELMAKING FURNACE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING","authors":"S. Timoshenko, Aleksii Smirnov, E. Niemtsev","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4080","url":null,"abstract":"Electric arc furnaces (EAF), especially of foundry class, operating with a long-term technological period, are characterized by a high level of energy loss. Intensification of heat and mass transfer in steelmaking bath by pneumatic or electromagnetic (EMS) stirring contributes to increase energy efficiency of the EAF. Influence of bath shape factor (ratio of diameter to depth), which determines heat loss due to melt surface radiation, as well as, EAF energy efficiency, on generated in liquid steel EMS power, hasn’t been sufficiently studied. Aim is to improve energy efficiency of the EAF, using EMS, through optimization the bath shape. Technique consists in comparative assessment of specific stirring power by numerical modeling of electro vortex flows in liquid steel at varying bath shape factor. Scientific novelty lays in development the concept of a \"deep\" bath in relation to EMS. Found that decrease in the bath shape factor from traditional 5 to 2.5 is characterized by growth of power, released during EMS, by 19-36 %, more pronounced with increased current force and reduced current frequency in the stator winding. Geometrical and operating parameters, at which the EMS power exceeds the capabilities of pneumatic stirring, have been determined. Practical value is in 6-9 % reduction of technological period under EMS conditions in a \"deep\" bath, which allows decrease of specific power consumption in melting cycle of foundry class EAF by 1.5-2 % and by 5-6 % for the EAF, operating as part of micro-metallurgical complex.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117317968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Riemschneider, I. Bordeasu, I. Mitelea, I. Uțu, C. Crăciunescu
{"title":"The effect of plasma nitriding on cavitation erosion resistance of grAy cast iron with lamellar graphite, EN-GJL-200","authors":"E. Riemschneider, I. Bordeasu, I. Mitelea, I. Uțu, C. Crăciunescu","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4137","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous engineering components which are in contact with liquid environments that are working under pressure can be degraded by cavitation erosion. The present paper study the improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite and pearlite microstructure by applying the nitriding thermochemical treatment. The cavitation tests were carried out on a vibratory device with piezoceramic crystals in accordance with ASTM G32 - 2016 standard. The material degradation is demonstrated by mass loss and erosion rate variation depending on the cavitation attack period. As reference material it was considered the same type of gray cast iron, subjected to softening annealing treatment. The eroded surface was examined by optical and scanning electronic microscopy.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132556823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}