Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations最新文献

{"title":"DER VERWUDETЕ SOKRATES BY BERTOLT BRECHT: PECULIARITIES OF NARRATIVE SYSTEM","authors":"L. Oliander","doi":"10.35433/brecht.8.2022.65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.8.2022.65-72","url":null,"abstract":"Poetics is used to characterize the fictional and philosophical concept of B. Brecht’s short story, as well as the narrative means employed to create the image of protagonist – philosopher Socrates who finds himself in a crisis during the battle with Persians. The paper reveals the sense-creating role of the short story composition. It is demonstrated that in terms of narration type the story can be divided into two unequal parts: the first part is a (quasi) encyclopaedia article where Socrates is depicted as a philosopher and educator, a courageous person who met his end with dignity and a brave warrior. The second part consists of a number of visual images-stories that can be conditionally named as follows: “Socrates before the battle”, “Socrates and a small shield”, “Socrates criticizes suppliers”, “Soldiers and Socrates at halt”, “Commander’s shout”, “Battle landscape”, “Memories and reflections of irritated Socrates about his evening conversation with a young foolish aristocrat who commanded cavalry”; “The aristocrat details his battle plan”; “Socrates’ ironic attitude to this plan and his thinking about it”; “Escape”, “Imitation of the attack against Persians”, “Wounded Socrates is carried away”, “Socrates and his wife”, “Socrates glory”, “Philosophical musings of Socrates-pacifist about the causes of war”. The peculiarities of B. Brecht’s narrative system are studied. \u0000One of them is that every paragraph centered around Socrates is an expressive image which can be realized on the canvas, on the stage and in the cinema. It was found that every scene, in its dynamics, reveals the protagonist’s character, his ways of thinking and krainia under different circumstances. It was established that the scenes of Socrates’ escape and the imitation of the army attack against the Persians are the most dynamic.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114393102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESCENDANT: BETWEEN AND TO DESCENDANTS","authors":"M. Stöppler","doi":"10.35433/brecht.8.2022.87-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.8.2022.87-97","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an original interpretation of one of Bertolt Brecht's most famous poems \"To Descendants\". Through the prism of the philosophy of the 20th century, the multifacetedness of the concept of \"individual\" was analyzed and the characteristic features of the concept of \"individualism\" were considered. Turning to the works of Bertolt Brecht and the philosophical work of leading thinkers of the last century provides an opportunity for an unusual look at the classic work of the German poet.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115967504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BERTOLT BRECHT AND SLOBODAN SCHNEIDER: WAR. RELIGION. WOMAN. THEATER","authors":"O. Bondareva","doi":"10.35433/brecht.8.2022.26-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.8.2022.26-42","url":null,"abstract":"Global issues fixed in the diachrony of world culture by the concept of \"war\", as well as modern methods of its aesthetic interpretation, are seen today as extremely promising for Ukrainian literary studies, which is now actively rethinking how and through which models the artistic representation of modern military events should take place and their reflection in experience/living. \u0000The article offers a comparative literary analysis of B. Brecht's plays \"Mother Courage and Her Children\" and S. Schneider's \"Snake Skin\", in which, in the setting of the Thirty Years' War in Europe of the 17th century. contains deep ethical and philosophical reflections on the war as such and aesthetic reflections of two outstanding European playwrights on the war events of which they became contemporaries. \u0000If B. Brecht’s play has many literary interpretations, including in Ukraine, S.Schneider’s play is being interpreted by Ukrainian literary studies for the first time. The intentions and artistic resources of both texts are compared through the conceptual series War – Religion – Woman – Theatre. In interpretation B. Brecht’s war is horizontal-processual and geographically dispersed, in S. Schneider’s she is cyclical and permanent, localized in a closed topographical and mythological space. \u0000It is illustrated how playwrights conduct a dialogue with the world cultural tradition regarding religion/faith as a factor in modern war, the peculiarities of female figurative potential and female (not)subjectivity in aesthetic interpretations of war belonging to the 20th century are revealed, B. Brecht’s \"epic theater\" is compared and S. Schneider’s symbolic and allegorical theater. The study complements the problematic field of modern humanitarian reflections, activated by Russia’s full-scale attack on Ukraine in February 2022.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116411551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCRATIC DIALOGUE AS A LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL PROTOFORM OF B. BRECHT’S DRAMATIC WORKS (BASED ON THE PLAY LIFE OF GALILEO)","authors":"N. Astrakhan","doi":"10.35433/brecht.8.2022.16-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.8.2022.16-25","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines Bertolt Brecht’s play Life of Galileo in the context of the tradition of Socratic dialogue as a derivative of carnivalized serious and laughter forms of antiquity. The philosophical and literary genre of Socratic dialogue is characterized by a focus on searching for truth, its comprehensive polyphonic discussion, the technique of provoking with a word, and checking the thinker’s truth with his life and death; all these features are revealed in Brecht’s epic drama. The artist's innovative dramaturgy is philosophical in nature, subordinated to the objective of giving thorough consideration to the main problem of the work, building a complex system of dialogical microcontexts, the correlation of which is supposed to highlight the possibilities of its solution to the fullest extent. The poetics of epic drama moving towards the \"dialectical theatre\" (Bertolt Brecht’s concept) is designed to transfer the intellectual and philosophical conflict embedded in the depicted events into the viewer’s consciousness. Influenced by the aesthetics of this poetics, the viewer is supposed to change their established views on the present and, therefore, their behavior in the contemporary world, which requires a person to take active actions based on understanding the truth hidden in the depths of historical reality. \u0000The article pays special attention to the artistic concept of man, embodied in the image of Galileo, a scientist ahead of his time who comes into conflict with the conservative majority. An artistic interpretation of the central image, in particular, Brecht’s representation of its close connection with the Renaissance, alienates the play’s material from the author’s time and personality. However, paradoxically, this alienation actualizes the lyric and biographical principle laid down by the playwright in the image of the main character; it creates prerequisites for generalization, which makes it possible to emphasize the continuity of the tradition of a selfless search for truth and constant relevance of this tradition from the era of antiquity (Socrates and Plato) through the Renaissance (Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galilei) to the author’s present (Brecht and his contemporaries: artists and scientists with their behaviours in the situation of severe political pressure).","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SONGS FROM BERTOLT BRECHT’S THE THREEPENNY OPERA: FUNCTIONING WITHIN THE DRAMATIC TEXT AND BEYOND IT","authors":"S. Macenka","doi":"10.35433/brecht.8.2022.52-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.8.2022.52-64","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera (\"Die Dreigroschenoper\", 1928) reception has been used to analyze the literary and musical genre of song, its specificity for the German cultural space of the time, attachment to the new American and long-standing German song tradition, its dependence on the manner of performance, voice performability, gesture character and aesthetic requirements of epic theatre. Based on the theoretical considerations of the German playwright and his own experience of performing, songs are viewed both as an element of \"play with music\" with an emphasis on their innovative functioning within the text and as independent art phenomena which played an essential role in popularizing The Threepenny Opera in general and its specific ideas and ways of their implementation in particular. A significant characteristic of Brecht's songs has been highlighted – their focus on impacting the public, which resulted in their great popularity. In this respect, a connection with the aesthetic experience of street musicians should be mentioned as the founding element in the aesthetics of Brecht's songs, with an accent on the link with jazz as a popular performative art; on the importance of the voice of performer, which was supposed to reflect interactions with the author, character, and composer; on the masterful music created by Kurt Weill for the songs. A new link between text and music, defined by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill as \"gestic music\", has been characterized. A claim is made that songs like texts designed for singing, where the form and language are aimed at making an impact on the listener, which serve as an attraction in the general performance, work successfully due to relevance, ballad nature, cognizability, repetition, external simplicity and even banality, aphoristic nature, satiricalness, indexicality and performability of the ideas they contain. Analysis of the most popular songs (\"Mack the Knife\", \"Pirate Jenny\") involves ideas of the philosophers Theodor W. Adorno and Ernst Bloch.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129647455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Brecht experienced at the Plärrer in Augsburg.","authors":"Uwe Wittstock, Jürgen Hillesheim","doi":"10.35433/brecht.7.2021.44-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.7.2021.44-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with important biographical aspects in the work of Bertolt Brecht.The main focus of the study is on the early period of the writer's life in Augsburg.The influence of folk street celebrations on the formation of aesthetic views of theyoung artist is considered. Bertolt Brecht's unknown or little-known publicationsin the Augsburg newspapers of 1914-1921 on the peculiarities of moderntheatrical art are analyzed. A detailed analysis of Bertolt Brecht's theatricalreviews gives an idea of the formation of the future playwright, as well asexpands the idea of the spheres of influence on his creative personality in hisyouth. The decisive importance for the author-beginner of folk street celebrationsas a platform for observation of the peculiarities of human behavior, for the studyof different types of people. The influence of sport as a popular and massspectacle on the formation of Bertolt Brecht's ideas about a new kind of theatricaland dramatic art that will be popular with modern audiences is also considered.The article offers the reader new, still unknown facts from the life and work of thefamous German playwright and poet.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121361935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaphrase and Paraphrase. Self-Translation as Exile Art","authors":"O. Koliada","doi":"10.35433/brecht.7.2021.66-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.7.2021.66-75","url":null,"abstract":"The article regards the matter of translation and self-translation in view of 1) thetypology of translations: conservative, dialogical and radical and 2) the classicalmethodology of modern translation according to John Dryden: metaphrase,paraphrase and imitation. Translation, on the one hand, is conventionallypresented as a form of comparative majority literature, when one's ownexperience is a criterion and means of the complex comparison (explicitly,comparing textually and meta-textually, or implicitly, juxtaposing the textualaspects to the sum of knowledge about language in general), which works mosteffectively. from an abstract representation to a verbal description, when thetranslation is transformed into meta-text, correlating the original source and thetarget (translation) texts. Self-translation, on the other hand, is seen as a minoritysegment on the border of different systems – cultures, or social values, and whichhas their contradictory influence on authors, for whom practice prevails overtheory by analogy with the limitation of a personality in relation to a socialcommunity, when an alternative of correspondence is suggested, namely, themolding of the primary freedom of creation by the architectonics andrhythmic-syntactic organization of the source text, which intuitively stimulatesthe imagination and encourage figurative modulations in the target text, theso-called \"obligatory freedom\". Self-translation is exemplified by the linguisticstatus of Samuel Beckett and his bilingual texts, the central element of which isthe formality of action and communication, reinterpreted by the author'sinteraction with the text itself on the level of communication between texts, fillingthe vacuum of absurdity with inter-textual dialogue.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121560722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chimerical world in Bertolt Brecht's drama \"The Vision of Simona Mashar\" and in Leon Feuchtwanger's novel \"Simon\"","authors":"O. Borkovska","doi":"10.35433/brecht.7.2021.20-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.7.2021.20-34","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the creation of a \"chimerical\" world in Bertolt Brecht'sdrama \"The Vision of Simon Mashar\" and Leon Feuchtwanger's novel \"Simon\".\"Irrational\", \"improbable\", \"fictional\", \"unusual\" – there are characteristics thatunderlie the concept of \"chimerical\". \u0000Extraordinary metamorphoses with characters who become in a dreamacquire the features of historical characters, who are promised to act this wayand not otherwise, a shift in time and space - the main characteristics of21\"chimerical\" prose or drama. Bertolt Brecht's play „The Vision of SimoneMashar”and Leon Feithwanger’s novel “Simon” is the story of Jeanne d’Arc, whoprompted the protagonist Simone to perform feats in the name of her nativeFrance, against the German invaders. Brecht created his play in direct contactwith Feuchtwanger, but as a result the authors published two different worksthat have different conceptual meanings, but the main idea of the both works is- the struggle of the French against the German occupiers. The motif of a book andthe motif of a dream are of great importance in two works, which help to connectthe fictional and the real chronotope. It is from the book that Simon learns thestory of Jeanne d’Arc. In the dream, Simon imitates the features of Jeanne d'Arcand fights. Like Jeanne d'Arc, Simon is executed by her compatriots. The workswere written during the Second World War, so the great importance is played byhistorical studies- the idea and prerequisites for the creation of the work. It isresearched how chimericaly is realized in epic drama and realistic psychologicalnovel, and how it is related to the \"V-effect\" in Brecht's dramas.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122434987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern rethinking of the past (for example of novel “Women in Berlin”)","authors":"S. Varetska","doi":"10.35433/brecht.7.2021.35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.7.2021.35-43","url":null,"abstract":"A complex problem is considered, which covers a set of issues related to therethinking of the historical past. In recent decades, there have been sometransformations, especially at the level of reception of the past, which allows usto speak of a slightly modified view of history and its reflection in fiction. A set ofissues related to a comprehensive study of a phenomenon of war in ananthropological dimension is considered. Special attention is paid to a feminineway of re-reading of the national and world history through the prism ofeveryday life and the private sphere of being. This approach demonstrates thespecifics of the female worldview through everyday life: corporeality and dailyroutine. A tragic experience of the war is analyzed using a large palette ofhuman reactions and models of behavior in a stressful non-routine situation.Not a factual history of the Second World War, but the true story of the Germanwoman Martha Gillers on the example of her diary \"Woman in Berlin\" is shown.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"83 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120921411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF ARTISTIC COGNITION IN THE SPACE OF BERTOLT BRECHT'S CREATIVE WORLD","authors":"N. Astrakhan","doi":"10.35433/brecht.7.2021.4-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/brecht.7.2021.4-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the main principles of artistic cognition within the creative world of Bertolt Brecht, considering it the subject, first of all, of the author's reflection. From the point of view of the artist, expressed in his critical articles and theoretical works of different years, the knowledge and depiction of life's truth should be recognized as the main artistic guidance corresponding to the challenges of the time. This concerns the truth of public life,the discovery of which meets as obstacles to artistic research the criminality of society, the unwillingness of an individual to see the actual situation of their existence, analyse their own mistakes, and work to correct them. \u0000According to Brecht, the truth about other people and society can be revealed only if a person can realize and express the truth about themselves, no matter how unpleasant it may be. The analysis of Brecht's short story The Wounded Socrates not only allows us to outline the importance of life-saving utmost honesty in the process of self-understanding but also to reveal the connection of the writer's creative activity with the traditions of Europeanphilosophical literature rooted in the era of antiquity and genetically connected with Socratic dialogue. \u0000The epic theatre was created by Brecht in order to direct the spiritual and intellectual work of the creators and recipients of the theatrical action intounderstanding the most painful and dangerous problems of the present, tomake this collective work a prerequisite for fundamental social changes. Such a qualitative change in the social coexistence of people in the historical space of the twentieth century should not have been a victory in war, but avictory over war, i.e. exposing its true essence, hidden motives, and its suicidal for the human and humanity nature. The artistic synthesis that becomes a prerequisite for Brecht's dramaturgical innovation contributed to it, based on a combination of realistic and modernist artistic principles, the possibilities of epic, lyrics, and drama.","PeriodicalId":266292,"journal":{"name":"Brecht-Magazine: Articles, Essays, Translations","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}