2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference最新文献

{"title":"Opportunities for Social Innovation at the Intersection of ICT Education and Rural Supply Chains","authors":"Alice Cheng, A. Sinha, Jia-Bo Shen, Sally Mouakkad, Lance Joseph, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.81","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional model of education can be viewed as a linear transmission system, where information goes from a teacher to a student. At the same time, in rural business supply chains, products and services are delivered in a linear manner from producer to agents to consumers. These linear supply chains and education systems are top-down and hence struggle with quickly adapting to market dynamics and globalization. They are inherently inefficient and difficult to scale, resulting in widening educational divides and “last mile” supply chain challenges. This paper highlights opportunities for social innovation that emerge at the dynamic intersection of informal education systems and rural supply chains in the developing world. We discuss the largely untapped potential of ICT education in creating an unconventional means of education integrated into the supply chains that provide livelihoods for a large demographic in the developing world. Our approach seeks to utilize the potential of ICT education in three ways: to increase ease of access and relevance of material through its integration into the supply chains, teach life skills beyond conventional vocational training and introduce a feedback loop that enables players at all levels of the supply chain and education system to actively contribute to the design of the system. This multi-level information and communication technology (ICT) platform can be used to facilitate iterative learning where the knowledge emanates from the participants and their indigenous ways of knowing and doing. Interaction at all levels provides agency to the participants while serving as a means for the long-term preservation of such local knowledge. Our team has designed and piloted Prerana, an ICT platform in collaboration with the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) and the Rural Distribution Network (RUDI) in western India. We conclude the paper with a case study of the working mechanics and field-testing results of this system.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116238015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Forest, Healthy People: Remote Sensing and Monitoring Support Implementation of Community Forestry in Thailand","authors":"Eric T. Kaiser, K. Roberts, Jamlong Pawkham, Bunsak Thongdi, R. Morikawa, Doug Satre","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.25","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand, with one of the world's highest rates of forest destruction, has been under pressure to enact policies to reduce the loss of forest habitat. The government has responded by designating forests as protected areas, restricting access and use for the forest-dwelling communities and maintaining a threat of eviction. These marginalized communities frequently receive the blame for forest degradation, regardless of empirical data that indicates forest communities are more often part of the solution than part of the problem. Community Forestry (CF) presents an opportunity for a village to simultaneously manage forest land sustainably, and improve its standard of living. We show that satellite and land-based mapping and monitoring tools can significantly improve the effectiveness of a CF program. Haui Lu Luang village began implementing its CF program in the late 1970's to preserve its forest land and meet the needs of its residents. Two non-governmental organizations, Upland Holistic Development Project and Plant With Purpose, were invited to the village in 2006 to enhance, evaluate and document the program with the hope of gaining formalized land tenure rights. Starting in 2007, community-based mapping efforts, using Global Positioning System (GPS) data collection and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, documented forest boundaries according to local understanding. Community development and technical improvements to the program continued, culminating in a 2011 assessment of the effectiveness of the forest management and the effects on the livelihoods of the residents. As a part of the assessment Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were analyzed to indicate the overall effect of the CF program on the forest vegetation. We report sustained forest health and significant improvements in community standard of living. We recommend the further development of remote sensing and monitoring methods to measure long-term trends and identify areas for further improvement. Evidence presented here demonstrates empirically that local CF provides effective, sustainable forest governance and a potentially scalable forest management solution, transferable to other forest-dwelling communities.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128696064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Transfer to Rural Population through Secondary Schools: The Vigyan Ashram Experience","authors":"Yogesh Kulkarni, S. Ballal, J. Gawade","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.59","url":null,"abstract":"In this age of technology and globalization, we still see that the gap between the privileged and the disadvantaged is widening rapidly. It is necessary to multiply the pace of development by several times to achieve equality & prosperity. Use of new technologies for livelihood generation can help us increase productivity and efficiency. But there are a number of difficulties in transferring new technologies to the masses. Communities resist change due to lack of knowledge, inability to invest or take risks in trying new approaches. Also the complexities in new technologies do not inspire people's confidence. Vigyan Ashram in India has been trying to engage secondary schools as a medium of transferring new technologies to villages and demystifying them for ease of accessibility. New technologies are introduced to the students of secondary schools as a part of their curriculum and project work. The program is called 'Introduction to Basic Technology (IBT)'. 20% of the time in school is given for 'hands-on learning' of these technologies. Students provide technology based services to their own communities in practice. These technologies are learned, practiced and experimented upon, in school and the school becomes a demonstration centre for community. Vigyan Ashram has introduced more than 40 appropriate rural technologies to 92 secondary schools which in turn provide technological services to 300 plus villages. This paper will present a case of integrating school education and development programs in community. This also helps in making school education more relevant to the students. It is observed that it also helps the students in increasing their understanding of the subjects like science and mathematics. It brings down the absenteeism among school children. A number of students get introduced to their field of interest and choose their future vocation through this program. Many children came up with innovative solutions for the problems of their communities.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Water Runoff Model for Pakistan: A tool for Identifying and Assessing Micro-hydro Sites","authors":"T. Mosier, K. Sharp, D. Hill","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.35","url":null,"abstract":"A hydrologic model for basins draining through Pakistan is developed with the specific intent of identifying microhydro sites and assessing their quality. The model outputs runoff which is used to estimate flow rate through each geographic cell. These flow rates are scaled by topographic slope using a relationship for potential power to approximate micro-hydro productivity on a cell-by-cell basis. A major hindrance in building and applying models to the region is the lack of dense and consistent meteorological data. This is partially ameliorated by downscaling the data, which improves both its resolution and ability to represent the underlying processes. This study compares the Delta and Bias CorrectionSpatial Disaggregation (BCSD) downscaling methods, ultimately using the meteorological time-series data produced through the Delta method as inputs to the hydrological model. Results are given in normalized form as a demonstration of the model's utility for assessing potential micro-hydro site quality. Future work will include analysis of past and future trends in runoff, where future meteorological scenarios will be based upon the emissions paths developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124410239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering Topic Transition about the East Japan Great Earthquake in Dynamic Social Media","authors":"T. Hashimoto, T. Kuboyama, B. Chakraborty, Y. Shirota","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.42","url":null,"abstract":"Once a disaster occurs, people discuss various topics in social media such as electronic bulletin boards, SNSs and video services, and their decision-making tends to be affected by discussions in social media. Under the circumstance, a mechanism to detect topics in social media has become important. This paper targets the East Japan Great Earthquake, and proposes a time series topic transition discovering method in social media. Our proposed method adopts directed graphs to show topic structures in social media, and then form clusters using modularity measure which expresses the quality of a division of a network into modules or communities. The method computes topic transition using the Matthews correlation coefficient which is a measure of the quality of two binary classifications, and analyzes them over time. An experimental result using actual social media data about the East Japan Great Earthquake is shown as well.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133055529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grameen Shakti: A Renewable Energy Social Business Model for Global Replication","authors":"Narima Amin, Richard Langendoen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.50","url":null,"abstract":"Grameen Shakti (Rural Energy), one of the companies developed by the 2006 Nobel Laureate, Dr. Muhammad Yunus, has since 1996 implemented an effective model to deliver renewable energy to the off-grid areas and rural poor in Bangladesh. The Grameen Shakti renewable energy program includes: solar energy through their Solar Home System (SHS); biogas for use as cooking fuel, electricity production and organic fertilizer; and improved cooking stoves (ICS). The model also includes a social business component that: creates employment; fosters entrepreneurship; empowers women, youth and communities; breaks the cycle of energy poverty; and contributes to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The Grameen Shakti model is expanding rapidly in Bangladesh and has begun to be replicated outside the country. Great strides in overcoming the problem of energy poverty can be achieved by expanding the replication of the Grameen Shakti model through cooperation between governments, corporations, investors, and/or social entrepreneurs. This will help to achieve the goal of universal energy access by 2030.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125323771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sahaaya: Gesture Recognising System to Provide Effective Communication for Specially-Abled People","authors":"Arvinder Kaur, Piyush Madan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.65","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a solution to problems faced by specially abled people while using computer. The proposed solution makes it easier for them to use computer as medium of communication with input by head gestures. The system detects head gestures of specially-abled persons in front of the camera and accordingly moves the cursor on computer screen with customised messages on it. This helps Sahaaya (\"helper\" in hindi) to know latter's requirement. It also includes analysing the gestures of the person infront of camera and performing predefined functions, e.g.: raising alarm on nodding, speaking of customised message, etc.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115533163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Photovoltaic Cell Design by Composite of Back Contact EWT Technique and Surface Texturisation","authors":"A. A. Siddique, A. H. M. Ripon","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.13","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic cell is the source of potential energy for the future because it is a renewable energy and pollution free. The potential of photovoltaic cells have not been yet fully tapped due to lack of energy conversion efficiency. However, the recent technology still does not achieve high Watt/m2 and also it is not cost efficient. Nevertheless, accompanied by some losses such as light reflection loss, recombination loss, grid shadowing loss, and low carrier concentration the energy conversion efficiency of a solar cell remains unsatisfactory. Photovoltaic cell technology still needs to be developed and improved further to obtain optimal efficiency at the least cost. A lot of research work has been done and yet been continued in order to enhance the solar cell efficiency. Among them, surface texturization is quite enough achieved to reduce reflectance through light trapping in the cell enhancing higher light absorption. Also back contact, Emitter-Wrap-Through (EWT) cell technology helps to reduce grid loss and enables double-sided carrier collection. This therefore increases short circuit current. However, at present, Emitter-Wrap-Through (EWT) modeling and texture are used individually. In this paper we promote a possible efficient solar cell design by combining these two features along with a PC1D software simulation, thus enhancing the efficiency of PV cell.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126353096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedalite: Lighting up Lives in Un-electrified Villages","authors":"R. K. Megalingam, Lekshmi M. Nair, M. Viswanath, Shreeja Sugathan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.61","url":null,"abstract":"With urban cities grappling with the problem of energy Shortages and many regions in developing countries still remaining unlit and with zero access to electricity, Renewable Energy Sources are the need of the hour. Pedal Power energy is one of the practical solutions to the problem, since bicycles are the main source of transport, especially in rural areas and even in an urban setting, exercise bikes in gyms can be used effectively to generate energy. This paper focuses on using pedal powered energy to power lighting devices, specifically targeting those rural areas that remain unlit and in the dark, even a decade into the 21st century. In this paper, a simple system is proposed, where batteries can be charged using power generated by pedaling a bicycle, and used to power lighting. The pedal power system has several advantages over typical power generation infrastructure. The technology is less expensive and does not require a fuel supply chain connecting users to suppliers and long-term variable costs. It reduces the need for wood fuel, further limiting the need to cut down trees and is environment friendly. The mechanism is easy to operate and does not demand specialized tools or equipment for servicing. Pedal Power is a non conventional source of energy that can be used effectively to meet energy demands. It will help counter global problems that stem from the rural population's lack of access to energy and education.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"19 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic Development of Extremely Poor Communities in Kapgari Area - Some Experiments and Field Results","authors":"Bulbul Sen, Ranjan K. Sen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.20","url":null,"abstract":"In rural communities grass roots socio-economic development activities can act as a complementary process to investments and influence from the top by government and private bodies. Seva-Bharati institute has been working in extremely poor rural and challenging environment of Kapgari, India to incorporate self-help and community awareness. The paper presents some of their recent activities and field results and demonstrate the complementary experience. The approach has been 'experiments' that inculcates promotion of human and material growth via education in cooperation.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114071110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}