2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Sustainable Food Supply Chain by Post Harvest Program - An Approach to a Sustainable Solution to Food Delivery and Waste Problems","authors":"Craig Rominger, Stan Emert, K. Ushimaru","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.75","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major causes of food shortage in the world is post harvest food waste. This paper introduces The Post Harvest Project (PHP), which is a group of committed technology and capital partners dedicated to delivering technological solutions to food waste in the supply chain. Of the many technological solutions being pursued by PHP, an innovative food preservation technology called nanoICE is described in detail. An effort is underway in Ghana to build a series of small community food process plants based on improved cold storage on fishing boats and on-shore facilities for preserving fish, which in an important source of protein. The aim of PHP's effort in Ghana is to engage local communities to feed people and create opportunities, and improve health through good nutrition.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"2 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123669218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering the Common Service Centers to Empower Rural Communities","authors":"B. Vijayalakshmi, Dhairya Dholakia, M. JagadishBabu","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.48","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable access to modern energy services is key for development. India, alongside its growing energy demand, also faces multiple challenges in providing energy services to its masses. Innovative approaches that bundle appropriate technology and delivery channels are pivotal in addressing such challenges. This paper discusses one such approach, where the Common Service Centers (CSCs), based on a revenue model, use solar applications to provide lighting opportunities to the communities they serve, besides supplementing their own power requirement.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121225416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Affordable Greenhouses for East Africa","authors":"Min Pack, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.66","url":null,"abstract":"Reflecting the severity of global food insecurity, over 60% of the East African population is considered malnourished, with many regions in a state of famine. There is broad agreement on the need to help small-scale farmers move from subsistence to sustainable and profitable farming by boosting their agricultural productivity, reducing post-harvest spoilage losses and providing market linkages. Inflation, resulting in high fuel and fertilizer prices, prevents farmers from producing larger harvests. Most countries in East Africa have an agrarian economy with over 80% of the households depending on agriculture for their livelihoods. The climate is characterized by biannual dry seasons where many farmers suffer due to water shortages coupled with poor soil nutrition. While short periods of rain benefit local farmers, heavy rainfall sometimes destroys cash crops. Greenhouses are permanent glass or plastic-covered structures that allow farmers to grow vegetables and fruits yearround through mechanically-controlled temperature and irrigation systems. Greenhouses can help farmers in East Africa grow and protect crops in both wet and dry seasons. Large commercial farms, many of them owned by multi-national corporations, employ greenhouses that span several acres of land to produce high-value cash crops including fruits, vegetables and flowers for the export market. East African companies import and sell greenhouses priced at over US $2,000 to commercial farmers. While greenhouses can significantly increase smallholder productivity and improve livelihoods, current designs are inappropriate and too expensive. The adoption of affordable and context-appropriate greenhouses can lead to improved livelihoods for farmers and entrepreneurs while fostering food security. This paper describes the constraints and design tenets for low-cost (~$200 bill of materials) greenhouses and discusses results from three years of field-testing such greenhouses in Kenya, Tanzania and the United States. Currently, the field-tested prototypes excel in affordability, maintenance, and crop protection. This paper strives to blur the boundary between context-driven design, applied research and development by seeking collaborators to refine and localize the technology with the ultimate objective of disseminating it broadly.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"18 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124302127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Map for the Future: Measuring Radiation Levels in Fukushima, Japan","authors":"Yoh Kawano, D. Shepard, Y. Shobugawa, J. Goto, Tsubasa Suzuki, Yoshihiro Amaya, Masayasu Oie, T. Izumikawa, Hidenori Yoshida, Yoshinori Katsuragi, Toshihiro Takahashi, Shigeru Hirayama, R. Saito, Makoto Naito","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.18","url":null,"abstract":"After the cataclysmic explosion in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011, more than 100,000 citizens living within 20km of the nuclear power station were evacuated. These residents were not allowed to return home for more than a year, until April 2012, when the Japanese government began to lift the evacuation order for some areas. As local governments contemplate strategies to revive these communities, a lingering question remains: how safe is it to live here? Answering this question is difficult for a number of reasons. Our project aims to provide data to allow individuals and communities to make their own assessments. The Radioisotope Center (RC) in Niigata University has built a vehicle-mounted radiation monitoring system consisting of a real-time GPS receiver, a dosimeter, and a laptop. This tool allows government officials in the affected municipalities to continuously measure airborne radiation levels. RC has partnered with the Institute for Digital Research and Education (IDRE) from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to develop a public web-based interface to this data to inform citizens about radiation levels in their communities. Both of these tools enable gathering and making data available to the general public more easily, and allow the public to make informed decisions about the safety of the decontaminated zones in the absence of widely-accepted standards.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125716566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case for More Water Quality Data: Improving Decision Making in Malawi","authors":"R. Holm, Elijah Wanda","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.39","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing growth in the population of developing countries, such as Malawi, Africa, combined with a lack of strict environmental safeguards, has given rise to serious concerns about water quality, and the associated threats to human health and the environment. However, analytical data on water quality in these countries are limited, but water quality appears to be degraded with intensive agriculture and rapid urbanization. There is a dire need for increased availability of analytical water quality data. The problem is compounded by few existing high quality investigations and data not often being published in peer-reviewed publications. Yet, there is a bona fide logistical and infrastructural struggle to such field investigations in remote areas with a general lack of equipment and trained personnel. The situation provides a unique opportunity for well-planned use of field instrumentation and active collaboration with university partners. The need for additional analytical water quality data in developing countries such as Malawi is a problem with struggles that can be overcome by taking a modern approach to this unique opportunity. Water quality data is desperately needed to improve decision making in Malawi.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117285400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Conflict Energy Sources for a Sustainable Energy Future","authors":"Y. Qudaih, Q. Yamada, Y. Mitani, Z. Fawzi, Issam Alqadoumi, Yasser El-farisi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.57","url":null,"abstract":"Genius ideas exist from building entire cities like Green Float project in Japan, to large renewable energy sources like Desertec project, to ideas of having renewable energy generation small stations distributed all over the cities to supply every one, to the enthusiastic efforts of flying around the world using only solar generators, to controlling all kind of projects with smart grids in smart communities and smart cities as a crucial target of these ideas and projects need to be well studied in all aspects including the lessons we have to learn from previous experiences of energy production technology and market. However, in the time of a tremendous race towards clean, safe and secured energy, peace could not be achieved in many areas and unfortunately, the reason is energy. How to direct the energy race towards human dignity and safety is the big question. It is however, very necessary to achieve the real change of energy production from a trouble maker into a peace generator and to enhance the role of renewable energy resources in this regard. This paper aims to demonstrate the mutual relationship between energy and peace. Both technical and political issues have been taken into account in order to give a clear image of the possible role of renewable energy sources in peace achievement. Some statistical studies and analytical approaches have been made and results illustrate the objectives of this study. Ideas, suggestions and conclusions are included to enrich this study aiming to approach a global concept for energy future and sustainability. Nevertheless, it is nothing ground breaking but additional efforts offering nice ideas.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Options for Medical Oxygen Technology Systems in Low-Resource Settings: A Framework for Comparison","authors":"B. Bradley, S. Qu, Yu-Ling Cheng, D. Peel, S. Howie","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.53","url":null,"abstract":"Four different medical oxygen system configurations are presented and compared across a wide range of criteria relevant to low-resource settings. Two systems make use of power when available to generate and store oxygen for later use; the others use a backup battery bank (grid- or solar-charged) during power interruptions. Some system designs have been realized as prototypes with some field experience, and others are still conceptual. The results of this review and analysis have implications for future work involving the evaluation, development, and prototyping of alternative oxygen supply systems for settings with poor grid power and limited financial and technological resources.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting User-Generated Content Structured: Overcoming Information Overload in Emergency Management","authors":"Axel Schulz, J. Ortmann, F. Probst","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.31","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of real-time user-generated content about disasters and large scale incidents has increased drastically. However, this valuable information source is hardly used by relief organizations for improving emergency response. Currently, relief organizations have little support in filtering and aggregating the overwhelming flood of information. We provide a solution for structuring and merging user-generated content in disaster management, which allows identifying individual incidents in an incoming stream of incident reports. Reports on the same incident are merged using rules that exploit the spatial, temporal and thematic information that is provided in the report. This results in a condensed and easy to consume description of the incident. The thematic aspect is formalized via vocabularies and influences the spatial and temporal extension of the incident representation in our system. The solution is implemented as a client server application, with a mobile application for sending incident reports and a client application to process and store incidents.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130563460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable On-site Bleach Generation Utilizing Salt and Sunlight","authors":"T. Baginski, E. Ewing, T. Roppel, R. Dean","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.24","url":null,"abstract":"Access to clean water, free of biological contamination, is a serious problem in many parts of the world. Bleach (i.e. sodium hypochlorite) can be used to kill these biological contaminants. A simple, robust on-site method to generate bleach is presented. The system consists of a pair of electrodes, a solar panel and a disposable water bottle. Preliminary field testing in Uganda is discussed.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125364678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Factors in Safe Driving - A Review of Literature on Systems Perspective, Distractions and Errors","authors":"S. Sajan, G. G. Ray","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2012.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2012.22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of literature on human factors in driving, with a view to introduce systems perspective in driver training and evaluation, as well as the need to review road transport policies in India. There is a steady increase in traffic fatalities in spite of the presence of traffic rules, regulations and legislative systems all over the country. One possible reason for this is the increasing number of vehicles on the road. Other possible reasons are: the absence of proper training for the drivers; the lack of facilities for proper evaluation of drivers' qualifications from a human-factor perspective while issuing driving license; periodic checking of driving proficiency during renewal of license. The same perspective has to be used while designing roads and vehicles, as well as in implementing employment rules for drivers. Moreover, the importance of human factors in driving and driver behavior should not be ruled out. These factors related to driving safely can be categorized into three: driver, vehicle, and environmental, which can be studied from systems perspective to find possible solutions to improve safety on the roads.","PeriodicalId":265555,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133438179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}