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Quantitative Estimates of Euphausiid Biomass Determined by High-frequency Acoustics 由高频声学确定的白蛉生物量的定量估计
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749455
R. Pieper
{"title":"Quantitative Estimates of Euphausiid Biomass Determined by High-frequency Acoustics","authors":"R. Pieper","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749455","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractEcho sounders operated at high acoustic frequencies (∽50–200 kHz) have been successful in recording layers and patches of euphausiids in the more productive areas of the world's oceans. Qualitative records of scattering from the euphausiids provide a mechanism for locating the organisms and directing net-sampling operations. Quantitative scattering measurements can provide biomass estimates. Such quantitative measurements can be made at sea and, therefore, provide a real-time method for studying the vertical distribution and patchiness of the euphausiids. Problems with the acoustical assessment of euphausiids include variations in euphausiid target-strength measurements, the presence of larger scatterers (e.g., fishes) obscuring the euphausiid scattering, and poor resolution when euphausiid densities are low. Continued net sampling of the scatterers is still considered necessary to confirm the identity and size of the recorded targets.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130992410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Vertical Distribution of Chaetognatha in the Central Northwest Atlantic Near Bermuda 西北大西洋中部百慕大附近毛颌类的垂直分布
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1982.10749452
A. Pierrot-Bults
{"title":"Vertical Distribution of Chaetognatha in the Central Northwest Atlantic Near Bermuda","authors":"A. Pierrot-Bults","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1982.10749452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1982.10749452","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn March 1973 the vertical distribution of chaetognaths near Bermuda showed faunal changes at about 300 m, 500 m, 800 m, 1,250 m, and possibly 2,500 m. These changes sometimes coincided with different water masses; sometimes they occurred within one water mass. Chaetognaths were most abundant from 50 to 100 m by day and from 0 to 10 m at night. Chaetognath species show a more limited vertical distribution than ostracod and euphausiid species from the same set of samples. Limits of distribution and levels of maximum density are greatly influenced by the stage of maturity, as most species show ontogenetic vertical distribution. Diurnal vertical migration is present in all species living mainly or exclusively above 500 m, except for S. sibogae. Closely related taxa live in different vertical layers. Taxa with identical vertical distribution limits either have different levels of maximum density or show different sexual cycles.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132431284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Diel Feeding, Laminarinase Activity, and Phytoplankton Consumption by Euphausiids 食虫的日采食、层状胺酶活性和浮游植物消耗
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1987.10749482
S. W. Willason, J. Cox
{"title":"Diel Feeding, Laminarinase Activity, and Phytoplankton Consumption by Euphausiids","authors":"S. W. Willason, J. Cox","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1987.10749482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1987.10749482","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThree corroborative techniques—stomach fullness, gut fluorescence, and digestive enzyme activity (laminarinase)—were used to examine the feeding ecology of two common euphausiid species off the California coast. Euphausia pacifica showed a diel feeding periodicity: stomach fullness, gut pigment levels, and laminarinase activity increased at night when this species entered the surface waters (< 80 m). In situ phytoplankton consumption by E. pacifica was quite variable and was positively correlated with surface chlorophyll a concentration at the time of collection. E. pacifica collected during March 1981 in Monterey Bay had the highest ingestion rates, and those collected in the Santa Barbara Channel during October 1980 had the lowest. Diel changes in digestive enzyme activity of E. pacifica were influenced by phytoplankton ingestion during a single feeding period. However, overall digestive enzyme levels (average day or night enzyme activity) were probably influenced by longer-term feeding conditio...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Vertical Distributions of Continental Shelf Zooplankton in Stratified and Isothermal Waters 分层等温水域陆架浮游动物的垂直分布
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749470
J. T. Turner, M. Dagg
{"title":"Vertical Distributions of Continental Shelf Zooplankton in Stratified and Isothermal Waters","authors":"J. T. Turner, M. Dagg","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749470","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFine-scale vertical zooplankton distributions were compared in October 1978 on a cross-shelf transect south of Long Island, New York, at a time-series station south of Long Island, and at a time-series station on Georges Bank. Samples were collected at 5 to 10-m depth intervals with a pumping system and fine mesh (102 μm) nets. The waters south of Long Island were strongly stratified, whereas those of Georges Bank were isothermal. Juvenile or adult copepods accounted for a mean of 91% of the total number of animals collected. Of these, one species (Oithona similis) was overwhelmingly dominant, accounting for a mean of 50% of the total number of zooplankters collected. Comparison of our values for the abundance of O. similis with those obtained with coarser meshes of nets in previous investigations in these waters during the same season suggest that these previous studies may have underestimated the abundance of O. similis by at least a factor of 20.Vertical distributions of some of the same domina...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128984396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Silicified Cysts in North Pacific Nanoplankton 北太平洋纳米浮游生物的硅化囊肿
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0254(81)91558-2
B. C. Booth, J. Lewin, R. Norris
{"title":"Silicified Cysts in North Pacific Nanoplankton","authors":"B. C. Booth, J. Lewin, R. Norris","doi":"10.1016/0198-0254(81)91558-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0254(81)91558-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133975481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Multiple-frequency Acoustical Estimation 多频声学估计
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749460
C. Greenlaw, Richard K. Johnson
{"title":"Multiple-frequency Acoustical Estimation","authors":"C. Greenlaw, Richard K. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749460","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRemote estimation of abundances and size distributions of certain classes of marine organisms can, in principle, be made from acoustical scattering measurements at several frequencies. These estimates are obtained by solving an inverse problem involving the acoustical measurements and predicted (or measured) scattering coefficients for the organisms. The quality of acoustical size-abundance estimates depends upon several factors, including the accuracy of the measurements, the functional form and accuracy of the scattering model for the organism, the number and choice of measurement frequencies, and the solution algorithm. This paper describes the theoretical basis for multiple- frequency acoustical estimation and analyzes some of the problems involved in making accurate and precise estimates of size abundances.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130917645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Assessment of Population Abundance by Hydroacoustics 水声法评价种群丰度
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749461
R. E. Thorne
{"title":"Assessment of Population Abundance by Hydroacoustics","authors":"R. E. Thorne","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749461","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe extensive application of hydroacoustics to commercial fisheries provides a background for evaluation of its potential application to micronekton studies. Hydroacoustics has several advantages over other fishery resource assessment techniques, including high sampling power and capability for absolute population estimates, but also suffers from poor species discrimination, high complexity, and potential bias from target strength uncertainties. Application to micronekton encounters similar or even greater species identification problems and greater uncertainty associated with target characteristics, but even presently hydroacoustics offers a valuable tool for studies of patchiness and other behavioral characteristics.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127915615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Assessment of the Abundance of Flying Fishes by Visual Observations 目测飞鱼丰度之评估
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749465
N. Parin
{"title":"Assessment of the Abundance of Flying Fishes by Visual Observations","authors":"N. Parin","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749465","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractVisual census of flying fishes leaping out of the water when frightened by a passing ship may be used for numerical estimation of their abundance. The method is, however, in need of substantial improvement because of uncertainty of species identification in situ, difficulties in counting specimens in large schools and in estimating proportion of specimens leaping, inadequate knowledge of patchiness, and inaccuracy in conversion of numbers into biomass. Further development of the method should involve instrumental observations including photography, filming, or video-magnetic recording.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128625980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A study contradicting the «Luxury consumption» of silicon by the marine prasinophycean alga, Platymonas 一项研究反驳了海洋白藻(Platymonas)对硅的“奢侈消费”
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0198-0254(85)92985-1
T. Smith-Palmer, A. D. Freitas, A. Mcinnes, A. Rogerson, A. Mcculloch, J. Mclachlan
{"title":"A study contradicting the «Luxury consumption» of silicon by the marine prasinophycean alga, Platymonas","authors":"T. Smith-Palmer, A. D. Freitas, A. Mcinnes, A. Rogerson, A. Mcculloch, J. Mclachlan","doi":"10.1016/0198-0254(85)92985-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0254(85)92985-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134106140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Preparation and chemistry of the artificial algal culture medium aquil 人工藻类培养基aquil的制备及化学性质
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749544
N. M. Price, G. Harrison, J. Hering, R. Hudson, P. Nirel, B. Palenik, F. Morel
{"title":"Preparation and chemistry of the artificial algal culture medium aquil","authors":"N. M. Price, G. Harrison, J. Hering, R. Hudson, P. Nirel, B. Palenik, F. Morel","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749544","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe culture medium Aquil has been designed for studying trace metal physiology in algae. We describe recent modifications in the preparation of Aquil and discuss processes that affect its trace metals and their physiological effects. The major changes in Aquil preparation are purification of the Chelex column to avoid contamination by chelating agents, use of alternative sterilization procedures, and increases in the concentration of trace metal buffers. During growth, phytoplankton take up trace metals, thus continuously reducing their concentrations in the medium. Algae can also modify the redox state and degree of organic complexation of trace metals through the direct and indirect activity of cell surface enzymes and the release of metabolites. Illumination of the culture medium necessary to promote photosynthesis also promotes a variety of photochemical reactions that alter the chemistry of the medium and maintain it in a state of disequilibrium. In particular, light absorption by FeEDTA lead...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133031429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 291
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