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Toward a Cladistic View of Phytoplankton Physiological Ecology 浮游植物生理生态学的枝支观
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749532
J. C. Gallagher
{"title":"Toward a Cladistic View of Phytoplankton Physiological Ecology","authors":"J. C. Gallagher","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749532","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAdvanced techniques in phytogeny reconstruction have the potential for providing new insights into phytoplankton ecology and physiology. Recent analysis of the phytogeny of algal groups has demonstrated that the traditional biological oceanographic concept of chlorophyll c containing algae (chromophytes) as a natural group is erroneous. This error can lead to problems in experimental design that can affect some models of global primary production. Cladistic analyses of character distributions can be used to identify traits that have adaptive value for ecological physiology. The prospective union of systematics and biological oceanography is threatened by a worldwide decline in the availability of training in systematics.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116509355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Availability of Iron in Seawater: A Perspective 海水中铁的可用性:一个视角
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749545
M. Wells
{"title":"The Availability of Iron in Seawater: A Perspective","authors":"M. Wells","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749545","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThere is evidence that iron availability may regulate primary production in some oceanic systems, yet we are still unable to determine what proportion of total iron in seawater is available for uptake by phytoplankton. Definitions of available iron that are based on size fractionations (i.e., dissolved vs. particulate) are inadequate; new conceptual approaches are needed for defining what constitutes biologically available iron in seawater. It is argued here that iron availability can be characterized by measurements of chemically labile, or reactive iron. Field data show that the labile proportion of total iron can vary considerably over short time scales, indicating that the chemical nature of iron, and hence its availability to phytoplankton, is a dynamic feature in natural systems. Further, a significant proportion of particulate iron in seawater is chemically labile, suggesting that it may be a ready source of available iron. The vertical and cross-shelf transport of suspended sediments may t...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Relationship Between Ichthyoplankton Abundance and Associated Zooplankton Biomass in the Shelf Waters off Argentina 阿根廷陆架水域浮游鱼丰度与相关浮游动物生物量的关系
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749472
J. D. Ciechomski, R. P. Sánchez
{"title":"Relationship Between Ichthyoplankton Abundance and Associated Zooplankton Biomass in the Shelf Waters off Argentina","authors":"J. D. Ciechomski, R. P. Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749472","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractZooplankton and ichthyoplankton volumes, and larval fish abundance, were determined for 689 stations established during 18 exploratory cruises in the sea off Argentina. Zooplankton density distributions throughout the year in relation to water temperature are presented. The equation Y = 5.89 × 0.78 was calculated and used to transform data on volumes obtained with a 505-μ-mesh net and compared then with those obtained with a 330-μ-mesh net. Strong negative correlations were observed between the volumes occupied by eggs of zooplanktophagous fish species and associated net zooplankton biomass: Micromesistius australis (r =—0.92); Sprattus fuegensis (r =—0.82); and Engraulis anchoita (r =—0.94). No significant relationships were obtained between the egg volumes of ichthyophagous species and associated net zooplankton biomass, and between fish larvae abundance and zooplankton volumes, though in this case a general positive tendency was observed. Zooplankton and ichthyoplankton abundances in two fishin...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Biology of Sternoptychid Fishes Rockall Trough, Northeastern Atlantic Ocean 东北大西洋罗克尔海槽胸骨鱼类生物学
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1987.10749486
K. Kawaguchi, J. Mauchline
{"title":"Biology of Sternoptychid Fishes Rockall Trough, Northeastern Atlantic Ocean","authors":"K. Kawaguchi, J. Mauchline","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1987.10749486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1987.10749486","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAspects of the biology of sternoptychid fishes in the Rockall Trough off northwestern Ireland were studied in a series of consecutive seasonal samples taken from July 1973 to March 1974 and from March 1975 to February 1976. Of the three species that occurred, the two most dominant, Maurolicus muelleri and Argyropelecus hemigymnus, were concluded to have breeding populations in the Trough. Seasonal abundance of larvae, duration of larval development, vertical distribution pattern of larvae, spawning season, age at maturity, and diet were studied. The possibility of geographical modification of life history strategy in M. muelleri related to its adaptability to the various water masses is considered. The third species, Argyropelecus olfersi, was concluded to be an expatriate from southern or more oceanic areas.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121021240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Vertical Distribution of Micro- and Small Mesozooplankton in the Central Red Sea 红海中部中小型浮游动物的垂直分布
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1987.10749498
R. Böttger
{"title":"The Vertical Distribution of Micro- and Small Mesozooplankton in the Central Red Sea","authors":"R. Böttger","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1987.10749498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1987.10749498","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe abundance and taxonomic composition of plankton sampled with nets of 0.1 mm mesh size were determined at the Atlantis II Deep, central Red Sea, in October and November 1980, from the surface to a depth of 1650 m. The fine mesh nets yielded three times as much total plankton biomass and thirty times the number of metazoan organisms compared to what was collected during earlier investigations using nets with a larger, 0.3 mm mesh size. The patterns of vertical distribution, determined by using the two different mesh sizes, were similar with respect to the gradients of plankton abundance but different with regard to the relative proportions of species and higher taxa. When the smaller metazoans were included by the use of fine mesh nets, cyclopoid copepodids became more numerous than the calanoid copepodids in all depth layers sampled, and their relative importance increased with depth. Between 200 m and 1050 m depth, over 50% of all copepodids belonged to the cyclopoid genus Oncaea. A review of ...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122017838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Seabirds as Indicators of Marine Food Supplies 海鸟作为海洋食物供应的指标
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1987.10749517
D. Cairns
{"title":"Seabirds as Indicators of Marine Food Supplies","authors":"D. Cairns","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1987.10749517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1987.10749517","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAn integrated approach to the use of seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies is developed, based on proposed relations between food availability and seabird population and behavior parameters. Adult survivorship, breeding success, chick growth, colony attendance, and activity budgets vary with prey availability, but response to food supply occurs at different temporal scales and at different levels of prey availability for each parameter. Seabird data most reliably indicate food availability when monophagous birds are used to monitor temporal variation in prey supplies. Seabird-based data on prey availability are cheaper to obtain than conventional fisheries abundance indices, and may be particularly useful for the many species and areas for which conventional fisheries data are sparse or absent.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123367294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 311
Dietary Changes of Seabirds Associated with Local Fisheries Failures 与本地渔业失败有关的海鸟饮食变化
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1987.10749511
W. Montevecchi, V. L. Birt, D. Cairns
{"title":"Dietary Changes of Seabirds Associated with Local Fisheries Failures","authors":"W. Montevecchi, V. L. Birt, D. Cairns","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1987.10749511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1987.10749511","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractNorthern gannets Sula bassanus consume thousands of tons of pelagic prey in Newfoundland waters. To evaluate the hypothesis that harvests by seabirds and humans are similarly influenced by local fluctuations in prey availability, the annual catches of mackerel Scomber scombrus and squid Illex illecebrosus by gannets and humans over a 10-year period off northeastern Newfoundland were compared. Comparisons of annual fluctuations in the percentage by mass of different prey in the food loads of gannets with commercial fishery landings in nearby bays indicated that extreme reductions of dominant prey in the birds' diet were directly associated with subsequent local pelagic fishery failures. Dietary data collected from marine birds also provided information about the availability of prey that are neither commercially fished nor systematically surveyed.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129707129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Trace Metal Interactions with Marine Phytoplankton 微量金属与海洋浮游植物的相互作用
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749543
W. Sunda
{"title":"Trace Metal Interactions with Marine Phytoplankton","authors":"W. Sunda","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749543","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractLarge spatial and temporal differences in both trace metal concentrations and chemical speciation in the sea have led to wide variations in biological availability of metals and their effects on phytoplankton. Trace metals are usually taken up by algae via the formation of coordination complexes with specialized transport ligands in their outer membranes, and metal uptake is determined by the interplay between redox, complexation, or oxide dissolution reactions of metals in seawater and ligand-exchange reactions at these sites. Some metals, such as copper and zinc, are heavily chelated by organic ligands in seawater, and their biological availability is determined by the concentrations of free metal ions or of kinetically labile inorganic species (free ions plus inorganic complexes). Once inside cells, trace metals influence metabolism primarily as a consequence of the role of many of these metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, Ni) as essential cofactors in metalloenzymes. Trace metals may also inhibit ...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130239026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 200
Review of Genetic Variation in Marine Phytoplankton Species and the Ecological Implications 海洋浮游植物遗传变异及其生态学意义的研究进展
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749542
L. Brand
{"title":"Review of Genetic Variation in Marine Phytoplankton Species and the Ecological Implications","authors":"L. Brand","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749542","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGenetic variation within marine phytoplankton species is now well established within local populations: individual cells have different reproduction rates and various biochemical and physiological characteristics that are the result of genetic variability. In general, however, differences among cells within a population are relatively small. In some species that live in more than one habitat or water mass, genetic differentiation has developed. This leads to much larger genetic differences between populations, often as large as the differences between species. Although less information is available on seasonal genetic changes in phytoplankton populations, it appears that significant genetic changes occur in highly seasonal coastal waters but not in the more constant oceanic waters. In addition to individual physiological tolerance, genetic variation is a mechanism by which many marine phytoplankton species have expanded their ecological distribution in time and space and phytoplankton ecological s...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Methylaminotrophic Bacteria in Xenic Nanoalgal Cultures: Incidence, Significance, and Role of Methylated Algal Osmoprotectants 异色纳米藻培养中的甲基营养细菌:甲基化藻渗透保护剂的发生率、意义和作用
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749541
J. Sieburth, Maureen D. Keller
{"title":"Methylaminotrophic Bacteria in Xenic Nanoalgal Cultures: Incidence, Significance, and Role of Methylated Algal Osmoprotectants","authors":"J. Sieburth, Maureen D. Keller","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749541","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBacteria that oxidize methylated amines are ubiquitous in the sea. The likely source of these C1 substrates is the quaternary ammonium osmoprotectant, glycine betaine, which degrades to release trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA), and monomethylamine (MMA). Each of these compounds are successively oxidized to yield formaldehyde, formate, and CO2. The release of methylamines from nanoalgae was determined indirectly by the presence of MMA-oxidizing bacteria in cultures of oceanic algae. Of 19 xenic and axenic pairs of unidentified nanoalgal clones, 6 xenic clones (31.6%) as well as one of the “axenic” counterparts contained methylaminotrophs. A larger survey of 70 algal clones from seven algal classes, revealed 43% as positive, while a group of 78 unidentified clones had a similar methylaminotroph incidence of 41%. When 147 of the clones tested were grouped according to their area of isolation, those from presumably less stratified waters had a relatively low incidence of MMA-oxidizing bacteri...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126193982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
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