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Paradox of the phytoplankton―an overview 浮游植物的悖论——综述
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749547
L. A. Hobson
{"title":"Paradox of the phytoplankton―an overview","authors":"L. A. Hobson","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749547","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article reviews some of the literature which has contributed to our knowledge of the paradox of the plankton, a paradox originally proposed by Hutchinson (1961). I first examine the ecology of the phytoplankton with particular reference to the question of whether or not competition for a limited amount of nutrient occurs among aquatic unicellular algae. Here I include original data, which is of value to an examination of the idea of carbon as a limiting nutrient, at least to control of the higher taxonomic composition of phytoplankton. I second examine the evolution of the phytoplankton, for which we have little information, and conclude that it is time to learn more about the fundamental biology including the genetics and evolution of the algae composing the phytoplankton. Throughout this review, I freely comment on potential research endeavors, which I believe may enhance our knowledge of the ecology and evolution of the phytoplankton.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125430124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Review of the Methods and Problems of Quantitative Assessment of Loligo opalescens 乳白榄定量评价方法及存在问题综述
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1983.10749467
G. Cailliet, D. Vaughan
{"title":"A Review of the Methods and Problems of Quantitative Assessment of Loligo opalescens","authors":"G. Cailliet, D. Vaughan","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1983.10749467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1983.10749467","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAn examination of the knowledge about sampling Loligo opalescens populations leads to two general conclusions regarding the assessment of their abundance. First, it is suggested that studies concentrate on spawning ground organisms, since they aggregate during spawning, are commercially fished at this time, and their numbers can be assessed using a combination of data from market catch, adult and egg case densities, acoustic sensing, and perhaps larval densities. Second, it is suggested that large-scale acoustic surveys coupled with large midwater trawling activities be used to qualitatively assess adult organisms off the spawning grounds.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116885350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Regional variation in the size composition of phytoplankton communities in the Western North Pacific Ocean, spring 1985 1985年春季西北太平洋浮游植物群落大小组成的区域变化
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749523
T. Odate, Y. Maita
{"title":"Regional variation in the size composition of phytoplankton communities in the Western North Pacific Ocean, spring 1985","authors":"T. Odate, Y. Maita","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749523","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe size composition of phytoplankton communities as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was studied in the subarctic, transition, and subtropical waters of the North Pacific Ocean in spring 1985. Total chlorophyll a concentration observed in surface water was lowest in the subtropical water (0.05 ug · l−1) wherein percent contribution of the 10 um size fraction was large (61%). However, even though in the subarctic water, the size composition in the water of the low chlorophyll a concentration ( 10 um size fraction. Diatoms were the major phytoplankters in the >10 um size fraction that affected the regional and temporal variatio...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117198854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A model of annual plankton cycles 浮游生物年循环的模型
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1985.10749478
G. Evans, J. Parslow
{"title":"A model of annual plankton cycles","authors":"G. Evans, J. Parslow","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1985.10749478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1985.10749478","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractA model is presented that exhibits a spring phytoplankton bloom as one feature of a steadily repeating annual cycle of plankton populations. Populations respond to seasonal changes in light (which are gradual) and in mixed layer depth (which may be rapid). The occurrence of a bloom does not require a shallowing of the mixed layer; it does require a low rate of primary production in winter. The lack of phytoplankton blooms in the subarctic Pacific can be explained in terms of this model.Analysis of a simplified version of the model shows that a bloom is a deviation from quasi-equilibrium behavior and explains why this will occur when winter production rates are low.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127128043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 239
Midshelf fronts in the South Atlantic Bight and their influence on seabird distribution and seasonal abundance 南大西洋湾中陆架锋及其对海鸟分布和季节丰度的影响
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1985.10749480
J. Haney, P. Mcgillivary
{"title":"Midshelf fronts in the South Atlantic Bight and their influence on seabird distribution and seasonal abundance","authors":"J. Haney, P. Mcgillivary","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1985.10749480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1985.10749480","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRelationships of seabird distribution and abundance to continental shelf fronts off the southeastern United States were studied during a 15-month period in 1983–1984. Surface thermal fronts occur in the middle shelf domain (20–40- m depths) on the continental shelf of the South Atlantic Bight (Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida). Midshelf fronts propagate south of Cape Hatteras following coolings events and persist from October through March. The monthly mean abundance of seabirds in the midshelf domain was correlated with the frequency of occurrence and extent of these fronts. Seabird abundance within the midshelf domain peaked during fall and winter when fronts were also most numerous and extensive (attaining 1,800-km lengths). Seabirds aggregate within 10 km of the front, with greatest densities (> 150/km2) on the shoreward side. Seabird guilds displayed different affinities for the fronts. Zooplanktivorous phalaropes (Phalaropus) had a clumped distribution, highly correl...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124150192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Design of Pumping Systems for Sampling Zooplankton, with Descriptions of Two High-Capacity Samplers for Coastal Studies 浮游动物取样的泵送系统设计，并描述两个高容量的沿海研究取样器
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1981.10749431
Charles B. Miller, D. Judkins
{"title":"Design of Pumping Systems for Sampling Zooplankton, with Descriptions of Two High-Capacity Samplers for Coastal Studies","authors":"Charles B. Miller, D. Judkins","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1981.10749431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1981.10749431","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractEngineering considerations for selecting components for sampling zooplankton with pumps involve interactions of required capacity, hose size, hose length, hose friction, pump type, pump motor power, and overall system configuration. Systems can be classed as hose-on-suction-side (pump on deck) and hose-on-output-side (submersible pump). Each class has distinct advantages and drawbacks. High capacity systems of each class have been developed by us. A suction-side system produces 800 liters min−1 for depths to 85 m with a diesel-driven centrifugal pump and 10.2 cm ID, suction hose. An output-side system produces from 1,380 liters min−1 at the sea surface to 803 liters min−1 at 90 m with a modified sewage sump pump and 10.2 cm ID, collapsible, discharge hose.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123772755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation in Green Microalgae 绿色微藻氮同化的调控
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749529
J. A. Hellebust, I. Ahmad
{"title":"Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation in Green Microalgae","authors":"J. A. Hellebust, I. Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749529","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGreen microalgae have evolved a diversity of regulatory mechanisms for assimilating inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds. Ammonium, which is a preferred nitrogen source under most conditions, is usually assimilated via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle. However, some green microalgae assimilate ammonium via NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) under high ammonium conditions (e.g., Chlorella species), or under conditions of restricted nitrogen supply (Stichococcus bacillaris, which possesses a high-affinity NADP-GDH). NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase appears to function mainly under heterotrophic conditions, and when amino acids serve as sources of nitrogen, thus suggesting a catabolic role for this enzyme. In S. bacillaris, when ammonium assimilation occurs chiefly via the GS/GOGAT cycle, GS1 (cytosolic isozyme) appears to be responsible for glutamine synthesis in the dark, and GS2 (chloroplastic isozyme) in the light. S. bacillaris synthesizes GS2 and N...","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121112365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
Biology and Ecology of the Cryptophyceae: Status and Challenges 隐苔科的生物学与生态学:现状与挑战
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749530
D. Klaveness
{"title":"Biology and Ecology of the Cryptophyceae: Status and Challenges","authors":"D. Klaveness","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749530","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe biology and ecology of the Cryptophyceae are updated from recent papers published and new scientific results. Quick-freezing and fracturing methods have provided amazing details of surface structures of members of the class. New pigments have recently been discovered. An improved basis for taxonomy is thus emerging. Food-web studies and practical results in the aquaculture industry prove the Cryptophyceae to be important food organisms for pelagic herbivorous grazers. But in spite of tight grazer control, blooms of Cryptophyceae have been reported. The physiology of Cryptophyceae, particularly with respect to light sensitivity and response, are presently under investigation in several laboratories. This class of algae will be of major interest in phytoplankton research in the next decade.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Intraspecific Differences in Temperature and Salinity Responses in the Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi 球石藻对温度和盐度响应的种内差异
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1988.10749537
N. Fisher, S. Honjo
{"title":"Intraspecific Differences in Temperature and Salinity Responses in the Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi","authors":"N. Fisher, S. Honjo","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1988.10749537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1988.10749537","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe growth responses of two clones of the oceanic coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, isolated from the Sargasso Sea and the Hudson Canyon, were observed under 25 different salinity-temperature regimes. The temperature range studied was from 8 to 27°C; the salinity range was from 20 to 45 ppt. The isolate from the Sargasso Sea grew better at higher salinities than did the Hudson Canyon isolate, although not as well at the highest temperature. Generally, the Sargasso Sea clone had a narrower optimal temperature range (18–23°C) and wider salinity range than did the Hudson Canyon clone. The results suggest that, as with diatoms, physiologically distinct races exist in coccolithophores, as indicated by the intraspecific differences in growth response to temperature and salinity in E. huxleyi. Furthermore, the different growth responses of the two clones are consistent with the prevailing environmental conditions in their sites of isolation.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126855189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Salpa fusiformis populations of the North Atlantic 北大西洋的梭鲈种群
Biological oceanography Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01965581.1987.10749489
J. Visser, R. Soest
{"title":"Salpa fusiformis populations of the North Atlantic","authors":"J. Visser, R. Soest","doi":"10.1080/01965581.1987.10749489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01965581.1987.10749489","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence and morphology of Salpa fusiformis along 30°W from 55 to 25°N are studied, resulting in the conclusion that two distinct populations can be recognized in this area. The northern, temperate population is characterized by a high number of fibers in the body muscles (averaging 52 for M I-VI in the aggregate form and 28 for M IV in the solitary form). The population occurred in high numbers during the spring of 1980; no diurnal vertical migration was observed. The southern, subtropical-tropical population is characterized by a low number of muscle fibers (averaging 39 in the aggregate form and 18 in the solitary form). Its abundance during the spring of 1980 was low and diurnal vertical migration conspicuous. At 38°N a few specimens were caught with intermediate muscle fiber numbers. This area coincided with a distinct minimum abundance of Salpa fusiformis.","PeriodicalId":262997,"journal":{"name":"Biological oceanography","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128485732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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