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Rzeczywistość odzwierciedlona czy zinterpretowana? Studium z filozofii fotografii
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.2.3
A. Torzewski
{"title":"Rzeczywistość odzwierciedlona czy zinterpretowana? Studium z filozofii fotografii","authors":"A. Torzewski","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Issues connected to the pair of notions of image and reality have been present in philosophy at least since Plato’s times. The main question that accompanies the mentioned notions concerns the relation between image and reality. Does image present reality adequately, or is it perhaps a sort of falsification? However, this question may have no sense, because, as it is claimed for example by Richard Rorty, there is no possibility to differentiate between image and reality. An interesting exemplification of the mentioned issue is the philosophy of photography, where the question about representation takes the following form: does a photograph (as an image) adequately mirror given reality? The aim of this paper is to present the problem of representationalism and antirepresentationalism, first in the broad philosophical context (based on the example of Rorty’s considerations), and then in the field of the philosophy of photography (based on the example of Barthes’s and Flusser’s reflections).","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130446909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Agnoiological Nature of Modern Epistemology: Grounding Knowledge by Ignorance 现代认识论的不可知论本质:以无知为基础的知识
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.2.1
Marius Povilas Šaulauskas
{"title":"The Agnoiological Nature of Modern Epistemology: Grounding Knowledge by Ignorance","authors":"Marius Povilas Šaulauskas","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"One of the distinguishing features of modern and contemporary philosophy is the fact that they are consistently grounded by the epistemological outlook. The essence of this outlook is the modern conception of knowledge, which could not exist without a proper evaluation of a systemic success — or, even more importantly, in some sense a successful failure — of modern science. The only way for us to perceive the lack of error as the basis of a reliable knowledge is to recognize our own fallacies. In such a way the ancient cosmocentrical worldview and the medieval theocentrical epistemology have been changed by the scientistic agnoiological approach, which had its origins in the modern times and includes the primary requirement to treat the fundamental ignorance as a reliable foundation of knowledge. In this article the reader is provided with a detailed exposition of the phenomenon of self-grounding of epistemological modernity. Adopting the terminology used in the metaphilosophical reflexion, we could reveal the dual origin of contemporary philosophical discourse, the basic principles which ground the epistemological claims, and also demonstrate the necessity of constant efforts when seeking to avoid solipsism and the paradoxical nature of modern epistemology.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Miejsce hipotezy „napędu kulturowego” w wyjaśnianiu ewolucji gatunku ludzkiego
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.6
Marta Dixa
{"title":"Miejsce hipotezy „napędu kulturowego” w wyjaśnianiu ewolucji gatunku ludzkiego","authors":"Marta Dixa","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this work is to show the internal theoretical connections of the two fundamental paradigms that describe the evolution of the human species, that is, the Lamarckian paradigm and the Darwinian paradigm. In carrying out this task, I begin by presenting the two evolutionary concepts. Understanding the content of these paradigms allows us to focus on the argumentation proposed by modern evolutionary biologists on the issue of the evolution of Homo sapiens; more precisely, on the paraphrased concept of “genetic drive.” Employed so far in a narrow range of genetic phenomena, it was — thanks to Allan Wilson — transformed into the concept of “cultural drive” and used to explain innovations appearing in not only genetic but also cultural endowments of the human species. This type of application of the concept of cultural drive in the structure of the Homo sapiens theory of evolution has recently been proposed by Kevin Laland. Then I show what kind of deviations (expressed in the variability of biological endowments, that is, in the form of exaptations and spandrels) are produced by the cultural factors of the evolution of Homo sapiens and how they can not only be included in the mechanisms of species evolution (as interpreted on the basis of the Lamarckian paradigm), but also how they constitute the “material” on which civilization changes take place.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117302413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mnemic Images in the Early Works of Sigmund Freud 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德早期作品中的记忆意象
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.5
I. Błocian
{"title":"Mnemic Images in the Early Works of Sigmund Freud","authors":"I. Błocian","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Freud was interested in the problem of memory from the time of his very early works. The processes taking place in memory, imaging, remembering and forgetting images focused his attention and were one of the pillars of shaping his conception of the unconscious and mind as “the storehouse of total memory,” which in one of his works he compared to “the Eternal City of Rome” (Culture and Its Discontents), which accumulate images-memories gathered throughout life. Shifts, changes, deformations, strong emotional components determine the specificity of many processes of remembering and forgetting, a specific “coding” of information in the form of visual, acoustic and other images. Nowadays, there are indications of Freud’s views in various dimensions of scientific research on memory and the consciousness of the importance of these approaches in our culture and its discovery of the role of autobiographical memory.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130569326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strangers in the Hands of an Angry “I”: On the Immediacy of Other Persons 愤怒的“我”手中的陌生人:论他人的即时性
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.1
Randall E. Auxier, P. Bursztyka
{"title":"Strangers in the Hands of an Angry “I”: On the Immediacy of Other Persons","authors":"Randall E. Auxier, P. Bursztyka","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the first of two essays on the ontological ground of otherness, and its phenomenological availability, we argue that what we call the “occasion” within the encounter of others are sources as well as re-sources for disclosing the results of a construction and concealment of a secret identity, one we keep from ourselves even though we have created it. Yet, individuals are capable of returning their encounters to the well of sensus communis, and that sensus communis is as natural as it is cultural. Human beings are not compelled to interpret strangeness as threat, even if we are culturally compelled to interpret strangeness itself. Narrative lives in our sensus communis, and it is open, revisable, even danceable. Immediacy is person, the person that is community, and it is sublime, is both liked and disliked.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134053637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Place of God in Metaphysics: A Short Analysis of Ibn Sīnā’s Critique of Aristotle 神在形而上学中的地位:浅析伊本·斯努伊对亚里士多德的批判
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.4
Engin Erdem
{"title":"The Place of God in Metaphysics: A Short Analysis of Ibn Sīnā’s Critique of Aristotle","authors":"Engin Erdem","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with Ibn Sīnā’s criticisms of Aristotle regarding what the place of God should be in the science of metaphysics. From Aristotle’s point of view, the existence of God is proved by the proof of motion in physics and is held as a subject matter in a science that comes after physics, which is metaphysics. According to him, metaphysics is the most sublime science because God is its subject matter. The most striking criticism against Aristotle’s conception of metaphysics was put forward by Ibn Sīnā. From Ibn Sīnā’s point of view, the most important problem encountered in Aristotle’s understanding of metaphysics is that ontology and theology are intertwined. According to him, God cannot be a subject matter in metaphysics, rather, proving the existence of God is the aim of metaphysics. The subject matter of metaphysics is being qua being, and its aim is to prove the Necessary Existent that is the principle of existence. Accordingly, for Ibn Sīnā, metaphysics is an ontological science in terms of its subject and a theological science in terms of its aim. This new conception of metaphysics, developed by Ibn Sīnā, had a profound effect not only on Islamic thought but also on Western philosophy. In a way, the ontotheological notes of Islamic and Western thought from the Middle Ages to the present have progressed through the metaphysical symphony composed by Ibn Sīnā.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"87 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128611554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Topography of Memory, Time Control and Accumulation of Identity 记忆的道德地形、时间控制与身份积累
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.2
Piotr Machura
{"title":"Moral Topography of Memory, Time Control and Accumulation of Identity","authors":"Piotr Machura","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the basis for the moral obligation to remember. As the moral relation to the past is primarily a matter of shared identity, the kind of obligation in question splits into two related issues, namely, that of political, state-oriented and state-organized memory on which the political identity rests and that of memory labour grounded in social identities based in shared, time-extended projects. Drawing upon tensions between these two, I discuss time control and the accumulation of identity as central to memory labour and, referring to John Zerzan’s critique of symbolical roots of power, pinpoint the moral basis of such an accumulation. On the basis of this, I argue for nesting the duty to remember in acknowledging the agent’s recognition of the relatedness and dependency of their agency and possibilities of flourishing which can be obtained thanks to adjusting the field of the virtue of practical wisdom so that it includes members of the time-extended community.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130164925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metaphysics of Beauty in Islam 伊斯兰教的形而上学之美
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.3
V. Holbrook
{"title":"Metaphysics of Beauty in Islam","authors":"V. Holbrook","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"I summarize fundamental philosophical principles of the metaphysics of beauty in Arabic, Persian and Turkish thought, literature and culture, beginning with the Quran and hadith. As in Plato, true beauty is thought of as the destination of a journey of inner development, but through a distinctively Islamic series of “worlds.” With examples from literature and painting I show how Islamic philosophy elaborated the key role of imagination in realization of true beauty.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124632629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metapolityczna synteza św. Tomasza z Akwinu
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.7
Mateusz Woch
{"title":"Metapolityczna synteza św. Tomasza z Akwinu","authors":"Mateusz Woch","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Filozofia polityki św. Tomasza z Akwinu, najbardziej znana i historycznie najdonioślejsza propozycja teoretycznego ujęcia polityki z okresu średniowiecza, jest przedmiotem licznych opracowań. Jednak stosunkowo niewiele z nich ma charakter przekrojowy i może być traktowane jako wyczerpujące opracowanie całości metapolityki Akwinaty. Książka François Dagueta jest przejawem ambicji stworzenia syntetycznej analizy Tomaszowej myśli polityczno-społecznej i już z tego powodu jest warta zainteresowania badaczy i wszystkich tych, którzy interesują się historią myśli politycznej. Dominikanin François Daguet (ur. 1957) to francuski teolog i dyrektor Instytutu św. Tomasza z Akwinu w Tuluzie. Do jego głównych zainteresowań należą: eklezjologia, teologia religii, nauka polityczno-społeczna Kościoła Katolickiego w ujęciu tomistycznym. Daguet jest absolwentem Instytutu Nauk Politycznych w Paryżu, zaś doktorat kanoniczny uzyskał na Uniwersytecie Fryburskim. Jest autorem licznych prac teologicznych i eklezjologicznych oraz opracowań z zakresu katolickiej filozofii politycznej i nauki społecznej. Myśl polityczna św. Tomasza z Akwinu została nagrodzona w roku 2016 Prix René Laurentin Akademii Nauk Moralnych i Politycznych w Paryżu oraz nagrodą Prix Biguet Akademii Francuskiej. Monografia składa się z ośmiu rozdziałów, które poprzedza spis skrótów (głównie tytułów pism Akwinaty) oraz lista wykorzystanych przez polskiego tłumacza wydań tekstów św. Tomasza i Arystotelesa. Książkę wieńczy kilkunastostronicowe podsumowanie, posłowie do polskiego wydania oraz indeks osób. Każdy z rozdziałów stanowi opis konkretnego wątku myśli politycznej Tomasza, który Daguet uważa za istotny i konstytuujący tomistyczną metapolitykę. Te wątki są opisane w następującej strukturze.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114942198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bez geniuszów, bez cudów — w kolektywie. Głos w dyskusji nad nową książką Wojciecha Sadego
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.19195/1895-8001.16.3.5
Marek Woszczek
{"title":"Bez geniuszów, bez cudów — w kolektywie. Głos w dyskusji nad nową książką Wojciecha Sadego","authors":"Marek Woszczek","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.16.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.16.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper indicates how an original Fleckian core of Wojciech Sady’s methodology significantly weakens some popular presentations of the history of empirical sciences (especially the so-called scientific revolutions), which are founded on a myth of a ‘lonely genius’ and ‘miraculous ideas’. Sady rightly emphasizes the collective-cognitive character of processes shaping the theoretical breakthroughs in physics, however he unnecessarily contends that there is some determinism behind them. In order to understand their dynamics, one needs the fine-grained historical-sociological analyses concerning the factors which regulate the work of the research collectives (also the early modern ones), but the widespread individualistic myths make that task much harder, even in a field of critical philosophy of science. It is suggested that the Fleckian perspective is also quite crucial in explaining the seemingly paradoxical waves of antiscientific sentiments which are clearly visible in the hypertechnological societies.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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