{"title":"The Sufi Ethics of Annihilation and Responsibility in Al-Jabri’s Critique of the Arabic Ethical Mind","authors":"Issam Khirallah","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper outlines the interpretation of Sufism formulated by Mohamed Abed Al-Jabri, a contemporary Moroccan philosopher and critic of the Arabic tradition. According to him, Sufism, unknown to Arabic culture until the advent of Islam, originated through a historical conspiracy whereby the Persians attempted to weaken their new Arabic colonisers. Sufism is viewed by him as an evasion and a detachment from life and its problems. It leads its adepts, through the mystical journey, to renounce material life. It plunges its adepts into a way of life where the annihilation of the self in God represents the central value. This annihilation of the self in deity is possible only through the blind obedience of the Seeker (Mureed) to his Master (Sheikh). Therefore, Sufism can only thrive by using tyrannical means. It demands that its adepts, through following a predestined path chosen by God, lose their own volition and freedom in favour of their Master. Breaking the law at the end of the Seeker’s mystical journey reflects, paradoxically, a spiritual accomplishment. Additionally, Sufi orders maintain a congenial relationship with political tyranny. Consequently, I argue, Sufism leads to a loss of human responsibility for oneself and other beings. I also claim that in a post-tyrannical Arabic society, where responsibility for oneself and one’s community should be the centralvalue, Sufi ethics are unable to play a role in the promotion of modern values. For this reason, it should be prevented from shaping the political and social choices of a modern society and constrained to the mystical realm.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127162998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autonomous Conceptions of Our Planetary Situation","authors":"J. Bendik-Keymer","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.15.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.15.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article is constructed through a series of linked aphorisms that articulate the relations between autonomy, sense, the world, different people’s worlds, disagreement, and wonder. It advances anthroponomy—the organization of humankind to support autonomous life. In the context of the planetary, sociallycaused environmental changes of today such as global warming or the risk of a mass extinction cascade, a part of autonomous engagement with our planetary situation is developing an autonomous conception of it—a conception of our situation that makes sense to us. This pluralistic idea has consequences for environmentalism, notably around coloniality, and the reduction of different autonomous worlds to a dominant world, which is currently part of the discourse of the Anthropocene. The aphorisms in this article develop a reflective path toward autonomous conceptions of our planetary situation given the reality of coloniality in how that situation is understood. One result of this path is to open up a way for people to become more autonomously engaged with our environmental situation, an engagement grounded in wonder and critical of the discourse of the “Anthropocene”. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127422835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kryzys, krytyka, mądrość. Kantowskie ujęcie mądrości i jego aktualność","authors":"Dominika Jacyk","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The title concepts of criticism, crisis, and wisdom are taken from the paradigm of Kantian philosophy and are characterised in the development given by the contemporary philosopher Odo Marquard. In this connection I present the relationship between wisdom and thinking in the Enlightenment usage. The call for philosophy to be self-understanding in the sense of the Enlightenment Bildung and the autonomy of science and wisdom sounds particularly strong here. I conclude that philosophy becomes stupidity when it turns into a field that—because of some kind of philosophical fundamentalism—would like to become this one-sided attitude towards reality that eliminates and replaces other attitudes.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116173839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"O zmienności granic nauki","authors":"A. Jedynak","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The limits of science change primarily as a result of new discoveries. But there can be other reasons, of a conceptual and/or methodological nature. The essence and structure of science can be understood differently, which results in different definitions of its limits. The text discusses some areas in which the limits of science were defined differently. Firstly, on the grounds of logical empiricism, views distant from direct experience, as generalisations and theories, have been excluded from science, narrowing its limits. Secondly, the lack of an unshakable and strictly empirical basis has been found within the limits of science, while previously that basis was thought necessary. Thus, the limits of science were again found narrowed. Thirdly, previously neglected and rather unwanted evaluative elements have been repeatedly discovered at the base of science. It was claimed to sanction them within the limits of science. In that case the latter per se would not change their range, however their concept would have to broaden. Last but not least, for various and not necessarily intentional reasons, the limits of science has become vague.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128480531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uwagi o abstrakcji, ufundowaniu i hipostazie","authors":"M. Magdziak","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with philosophical issues concerning abstraction and concreteness, focusing on selected ontological and logical-ontological threads of this dif ficult and intricate problem. Thus, it will concern first of all abstract and concrete objects, and only then abstract representations and judgments and concrete representations and judgments. The subject of interest will also be the process of abstraction and the relations that take place between abstract objects such as features or relations, pure qualities, and ideal objects.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Literatura jako poszukiwanie prawdy. Poetyka Gottholda Ephraima Lessinga","authors":"Joanna Giel","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to show the significant change in the reflections of art and literature due to Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781). It consists of three essential parts. Firstly, I present the historical and philosophical context which influenced Lessing’s point of view on art and literature. Secondly, according to Lessing’s theoretical writings, I move on to the most important aspects of his poetry, which are inter alia the liberation of the scheme of French classicism and the approach to Greek antiquity. Theory and practice were for Lessing closely connected. Therefore I establish in the third part of the article examples of Lessing’s domestic tragedies in which the author fulfils the scheme he presented in theoretical writings.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125069929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tworzenie siebie i wolność. Myśl etyczna Foucaulta","authors":"S. Łojek","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"In the later phase of his work, Foucault was particularly interested in exploring the possibilities of creating our own subjectivity and presenting its ethical dimension. The notion of pastoral power as well as the distinction between morality focused on ethics and morality focused on a normative code played a significant role in this undertaking. The former turned out to be particularly important in the context of Foucault’s earlier findings, according to which, a subject is a social construct, a product of regimes of power/knowledge. This was because pastoral power, although like any other kind of power it forms us from outside, strongly implies an active participation of the subject in the creation of himself. This kind of activity dominated also in morality focused on ethics which, according to Foucault, was practised by the Greco-Roman elites (above all in the first centuries of our era). In my text, I analyse the above themes in an attempt to show that in Foucault’s works they constitute the emancipation project of “new” morality.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114545536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Against Wonder","authors":"W. Małecki","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.15.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.15.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"There are a growing number of publications arguing that if we had more wonder in social life, then its quality would be significantly improved, and that we therefore need an “ethics” or a “politics” of wonder. The aim of this paper is to show that that message is unfortunate, and this is for two reasons. First, wonder does not generally have the positive political and moral effects that are attributed to it, so to assume that it does may lead one to adopt unrealistic social policies. Second, wonder does potentially have a number of negative moral and politicaleffects, so social policies that put a premium on wonder may bring adverse consequences. In this way, the paper makes a general case against wonder as a positive force in morality and politics.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131851362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chryzypa twierdzenie o naturalnej wieloznaczności wyrazów","authors":"M. Domaradzki","doi":"10.19195/895-8001.15.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyze Chrysippus’ claim about natural ambiguity of words. The present account assumes that the concept formation mechanisms that were outlined by the Stoics throw some light on the notorious contradiction between the claim about natural relationship between words and things, on the one hand, and the claim about natural ambiguity of words, on the other. We know neither the context of Chrysippus’ postulate nor the examples with which he illustrated it. Thus the following analyses are obviously speculative.However, the interpretations of myths and poetry that were put forward by Chrysippus sit very well with his conviction that ambiguity and figurativeness are common and natural in language.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115631203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toleration: Conflict Resolution Method in Pluralist Societies or a Tool of Discrimination?","authors":"Tomasz Jarymowicz","doi":"10.19195/1895-8001.15.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.15.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an extended argument for a positive conception of toleration. First, it examines and ultimately rejects reductive interpretations of toleration proposed by David Heyd and Wendy Brown that stem from deflationary and deconstructive readings respectively. It is argued that deconstructive reading is not satisfactory because it perpetuates and amplifies rather than solves paradoxes of toleration, whereas Heyd’s reading does not recognise the importance of toleration for political processes. The author advocates a normative conception of toleration proposed by Rainer Forst, instead. Such a regime of toleration is based on the right to justification in which everyone affected should participate in delineating its limits as free and equal citizens. This conception not only solves the paradoxes of toleration but also does justice to its political importance.","PeriodicalId":262683,"journal":{"name":"Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130452663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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